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The Boeing Company Terrain Avoidance The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies and other information formed the basis for the terrain avoidance procedure. Contents: 1. Terrain Avoidance procedure. 2. Boeing Aerodynamic study results. 3. Boeing flight simulator pilot human factors study results. The material contained in this Boeing appendix is considered correct and accurate; however, since it is intended to be informative only, it should not be consulted in lieu of official operations manuals.

The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

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Page 1: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

The Boeing Company

Terrain AvoidanceThe Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilothuman factors study. These studies and other information formed the basis for the terrain avoidanceprocedure.

Contents:1. Terrain Avoidance procedure.2. Boeing Aerodynamic study results.3. Boeing flight simulator pilot human factors study results.

The material contained in this Boeing appendix is considered correct and accurate; however, since it isintended to be informative only, it should not be consulted in lieu of official operations manuals.

Page 2: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

TERRAIN AVOIDANCE

The following is immediately accomplished by recall whenever the threat ofinadvertent contact with the terrain exists. Any of the following conditions is regardedas presenting a potential for terrain contact:

● Activation of the” PULL UP” warning.o Other situations resulting in unacceptable flight toward terrain.

PILOT FLYING PILOT NOT FLYING● Disconnect autopilot ● Assure maximum* thrust* Disconnect autothrottle(s) ● Verify all required actions have been● Aggressively apply maximum* thrust completed and call out any omissions● Roll wings level and rotate at a rate of 30

per second to an initial pitch attitude of200

● Retract speedbrakes● If terrain remains a threat, continue

rotation up to the pitch limit indicator (ifavailable) or stick shaker or initial buffet

● Do not change gear or flap configuration ● Monitor vertical speed and altitudeuntil terrain separation is assured c Call out any trend toward terrain

● Monitor radio altimeter for sustained or contactincreasing terrain separation

QWhen clear of the terrain, slowlydecrease pitch attitude and accelerate

NOTE: Aft control column force increases as the airspeed decreases. in all cases,the pitch attitude that results in intermittent stick shaker or initial buffet is theupper pitch attitude limit. Flight at intermittent stick shaker may be requiredto obtain positive terrain separation. Smooth, steady control will avoid apitch attitude overshoot and stall.

NOTE: Do not use Flight Director commands.

* Maximum thrust means “maximum cettified thrust”. On engines without electronicthrust limiting capability, overboost or “firewalling the thrust lever” should only beconsidered during emergency situations when all other available actions have beentaken and terrain contact is imminent.

Page 3: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

Boeing Aerodynamic Study ResultsThe aerodynamic study evaluated a set of pull-up maneuvers to avoid terrain after receiving a groundproximity warning. The parameters used for the study were three pitch attitudes ‘orangle of attack, twopitch rates, two initial altitudes, and four flap configurations. Figures 1-12 show each plot in variousconfigurations for various Boeing models. Altitude (ft) is graphed on the vertical axis and distancetraveled (ft) is graphed on the horizontal axis.

Page 4: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

LANDING FLAPS, SEA LEVEL o 727-200

MAXIMUM LANDING WEIGHT, LANDING GEAR DOWN, --------- 737-300:————-747-400VREF +5 KNOTS, MAXIMUM THRUST APPLIED .5 SEC ~

AFTER MANEUVER START, SPEED TRIM OPERATIVE—..-—— 757-200

WHERE APPLICABLE ------------- 767-~ooER

: —----—--- 777_Pf10

ALTITUDE(FT)

4000.

2000.

0

0 4000: 8000. ‘a 12000. ‘\6~O0. 2orho. 24;00 .DISTANCE (FT)

4000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

2000.

0

4000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

2000.

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16~00. 20000. 24~00 .DISTANCE (FT)

o 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

tLc CFIT Escape Maneuver S1udyiECK Landing Flaps at Sea level VARIOUSMODEL

w 3 DeglSec Pitch Rate Figure 1m

THE BOEING COMPANYPAGE

Page 5: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

TAKEOFF FLAPS, SEA LEVEL ~ 72?-200MAXiMW TAKEOFF WEtG14T, ~ANKIiNG GEAR up, R --–--–––- 737-300V2 SPEED, MAXIMUM THRUST APPLIED .5 SEC e ————- 747-400AFTER MANEUVER START, SPEED TRIM 0PE13ATlVE x ‘---— 757-200WERE APPLICABLE ------------- 7s7_3QoER

: —----—--- 777-200

ALTITUDE{FT}

4000.

2000.

0

0 4000. 8tli0. 120-00. 16~00. 200-00. -24000.DISTANCE (FT)

4000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

2000.

0

4000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

2000.

0

0 4000. 8000. 120-00. 16000. Zoioo. 24~0DISTANCE (FT)

10.

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 161iO0. 20{00 . 24iO0 .DISTANCE (FT)

.C I [ lg~ygs n REVISED DATE

I n

CFIT Escape Maneuver Study5(.2K Takeoff Flaps at Sea Level YARIOUShK)DEtJ? I I 3 DeglSec Pitch Rate Figure 2i

I R THE BOEING COMPANYPAGE

Page 6: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

APPROACH FLAPS, SEA LEVEL~ 727-200

MAXIMUM LANDING WEIGHT, LANDING GEAR DOWN, --------- 737-300

MANEUVERING SPEED, MAXIMUM THRUST APPLIED t————- 747-400

.5 SEC AFTER MANEUVER START, SPEED TRIM x ‘---— 757-200

OPERATIVE WERE APPLICABLE ------------- 767-300ER~ —----—--- 777_200

:3s tiiqw.zl _%& &. .&qK..... ... . . . .. ..... .:= .... . ....+.... .... ..... T...,...: ..4000. .

.... .... . ... ...... . .. . .. ...::::::::: ::::::::: ....!........ . ... . . .... .... ::::::::: ::::!:::: .... ... .. . ... .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... .. .... .... ..... ... ..... . . ... .... . . ... . . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . ... ..... .. .. . ::::*:::: ::::::::: ::::1.::: ... . ..... ... . . ... .. .. . . ... . .... ..... ... . .. .. . w:;::.: ::;::::::.... ....- ..... .... ,_ ......... . .. ..... . ... . .. .. .ALTITUDE

...... ... .=.- : w:7- .... .. .. .::::::::: ::::j:::: ::::;::::... . . ... . . ....... .

(FT) .... . . .. . . ....... . .... .... . ... .. .... ... .. .... ... .. ... . ....{.... . .. . . ... . .. .. . . ... . .... ...... .. . ...... .. .. ... . . ...7........ ... . . .. .

2000. - ....~.-.- :::::= %:::: %::: ::::!:::: :::!!::::... . . . ... .... ...= ..... ... .

. ... . ... .

. ... . .. . . . ...2.... .... .. .. .-.--: .-. . ... -r.... .... .. ... .... . .... . . ... . ... ...... ....!.... . ... . .. .. ... .. ... ..... ..... ::::;:::: ::::::... .::::::::: ::::i:::: ... ... .. . --------- ..-.:---- ~~~~~== +~~::=~:::=::= ::~:1=..... .. . . . ...!.... .. .. . ... .... . . .. . . . ... ....;.... ....+....::::::::: ::::::::: ::::!:::: ::::?... .... . ... .. . .. .

. .. . ... . . . ... ..... ....?.. ...-;.... ::::::::: ... .. . .. .... ...... ::::!:::: ;:::~:.:: ::::;:::: ::::!::::... . ... . .

. .. ... .. . .. .. . ... . . .. . . ... .. .. . . ...!.... ......... . . ... .... . .. .. ... ... .. ... --,---- ----, ---- .. . . .. ... . .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . ::::::::: ... . . .. .. .... . .. .. ... . .. .. .

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.DISTANCE (FT)

.... .. ... . .. . .... .. ... . .. .. .. ..

. ... .... .... . .... .... .. .. .. ... .... . . .. ...... ..... .... . ...+.... . .. . ..... .. .. .. .. .... . . ....

. .. . ... .. . .. ...... .... .... . ::::::::: ::::::::: ... . .... . ::::::::: . .. . .. .. . ....... :::;:::: .--------... . .. ...

ALTITUDE..... .... ... . . .. . .... . . .. .. .. ...... ......... . ... . . ... . ..... .. . .. .. . ... .;:::~:::: :~:;::::: ::::::::: ::::!:::: ::::::::: ::::::...

(FT)...!.... ....!..... ...!.... ... ...... . ...1.... . ...!.... . .... ... . .... .. .. .

.... . ... ..T _.... .... . . ...+.... ..... ... . . .. . . .... . .. ... .... .. .. ... .2000. J.

.... ..... . .. . . . .. . .... ...... :..:::..:::::.:::::: ::-.:::::-.. .. . ... .. ...... ... .......-. ::::::::: ::::::::: . ...?.... . ... .... .. ...!.... .. . . . .. .. . ... . ... .. ...:.... ....~..-. ... ... .. .

....{.... . ... ..... ::::::::: ::::*:::: ::::1::::.. ::::::: -...:.-.. ... . . . ... ... .. ... . ... .. . .. .. ...!..... .. . ...... ... .. .. .... . . ... .

....+.... . ... .. ... . ... . . ... . ...*.... . .. . . . .. . ... ..... . . .. . . ....::::!:::: ::::i::::.... .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . ... . ... . ....!....

o ::::::::: ::::!::::

o 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

.... .. .. . .; q@ ;::$~ &$~ :~~ J&& ::::::::: ::::!::;: ::=~:j:: ::::~::::’... .... ... . .... ...

4000. \ : ::::;:::: ::::::::: ::::;:::: .-..;.... . .... ... .. ....-::::::::: ::::::::: ::::i:::: ;:;;~;::: ::::?::::.... . .... . . .. .. .... . ...!.... . ...?.... . ... . . .... .. . .. .. . . .. . . . ... .... ..... ... . . . ... ... . . ... .. ... .. .. . . ... .. ... ..... ... . . . .. .. .... .... . .. . . .. . ..... . ... . ... .. .. .. ..... .. .. ..-. . .. . ..... ...... ... ::::::::: .... . .. .. . .. . .. .. . :::?:::: ::::;::::

ALTITUDE ..... ... .::::::::: ::::$::::..... . .. . . .. . ..... .........(FT) ..... . .. . . .. .. .... ....!.... . .. .. ..... . .. . . .. . ::::;:::: ....1..... .... . ... . ... .....

... .. . .. . . .. .. .... ::::::::: :::::::::..—= -.. . . . . ..__.... . ... . . ... ..... .... .... . ... ... .. .— :--.!..... . .. .. .. .2000. ...... .. . . . . ... ......... ::::::::: ::::::::: .... .. .. .

::::::::: ::::::::: ::::!::::.... . .... .. .. ... .‘. ..,.”.. . ...1../.... . ... . .... ..... .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . ... .... .... . . ...*....

. .. . . . ... . . . . . . .. . . ... .... . .. . . . . ...::::?:::: .... . ... . .... . ... .

0

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

WC 119MAY95 REVISED DATE

I) CFIT Escape Maneuver Study

4ECK Approach Flaps al Sea level VARIOUSMIDEL:

w t 3 Deg/Sec Pitch Rate Figure 3w

1 THE BOEiNG COMPANYPAGE

Page 7: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

c

c

A

A

FLAPS UP, SEA LEVEL o 727-200

MAXIMUM LANDING WEIGHT, LANDING GEAR UP,❑ ––––––––– 737_300

MANEUVERING SPEED, MAXIMUM THRUST APPLIED0————– 747-400

.5 SEC AFTER MANEUVER START, SPEED TRIMx —.--— 757-200

OPERATIVE WHERE APPLICABLEQ ------------- 767-300ERA _----—--- 777-200

., ,F l:@ii’qF‘;:.%?~s~ .gms.Jk~‘TMUQE::; :,..,.. ,.4000. . .

,....,. ,.

ALTITUDE(FT) ,..

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0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

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, ,P J ~G. .i ~~UI ::...74000. - -“:’: :“ “,’, “:: ,:::

.,.,.

ALTITUDE,.. . .,:. “..: .. .. .. , . .’

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,..9.

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DISTANCE (FT)

6

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(FT) .:._ ,,, ,,.:...,. ... ,. .,,.

,..,..

. . . . . . . . .: ..::: : “’. :.:

o 4000. 6000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

NOTE: MATH PILOT SIMULATION EXCEPT AS NOTED

;ALC 21APR97 REVISED DATE CFIT Escape Maneuver Study;HECK Flaps Up at Sea Level

VARIOUSMODEL:

\PR 3 Deg/Sec Pitch Rate Figure4

iPR

THE BOEING COMPANYPAGE

Page 8: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

LANDING FLAPS, 10000 FT ~ 727-200

MAXIMUM LANDING WEIGHT, LANDING GEAR DOWN, Cl --------- 737-300

VREF +5 KNOTS, MAXIMUM THRUST APPLIED .5 SEc :————–747-400AFTER MANEUVER START, SPEED TFIIM OPERATIVE ‘---— 757-200

WHERE APPLICABLE a ‘------------ 767-3t10ER.A ‘----—--- 777-200

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT) 130

12000.

10000.

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000.

10000.

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000.

10000.

0 4000. 8000. 120-00, 160-00. 200”00. 240”0DISTANCE (FT)

o.

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 240-00.

DISTANCE (FT)

o 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

u-c I f9MAY95 [ 133flsm DATE CFIT Escape Maneuver Study+ECK Landing Flaps al10000 ft VARIOUSMODEL

v? 3 Degl$ec Pitch Rate Figure 5=R

MTHE BOEING COMPANY

PAGE

,

Page 9: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

I

TAKE(IFF FLAPS, 10000 FT o 727-200MAXIMUM TAKEOFF WEIGHT, ~AtiDlffG GEAR UP: --------- 737-300V2 SPEED, MAXIMUM THRUST APPLIED .5 SEC : ————- 747.4~~

AFTER MANEUVER START, SPEED TRIM OPERATIVE x ‘---— 757-200WERE APPLICABLE Q ------------- 767-300ER

A —----—--- 777.-9f)n“

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000.

10000.

. ..-”

DISTANCE (FT)o.

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

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10000.

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000.

10000.

.

io 4000. 8000. 120-00. 160-00. 200-00. 24{0

DISTANCE {FT)10.

4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 200-00. 24;00.DISTANCE (FT)

2 I 119M4Y95 REVISED I DATE CFIT Escape Maneuver StudyCHECK

ITakeoff Flaps at 10000 ft VAKIOUSM9DELS

APR 3 OeglSec Pitch RateI Figure 6

APR

t

I 1 n I

ITHE BOEING COMPANY lp-

Page 10: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

LANDING FLAPS, SEA LEVELPiTCH UP TO:15 DEG

PITCH UP TO 15 DEG’VS 20 VS SHAKER--------- 20”DEG‘———-STICK SHAKER

3 DEG/SEC PITCH RATE

......... ......... ....!........ .. . ...3.::: ::::::::: ::::!:::: :::::::::. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .::::;:::: ::::;:::: . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. ...+.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4000. . ::::!:~::=~:::: ::::!:~:: ::~~!:::::~::::~::~:~:i~~~~~~f~:~~~~::~~!= =~:~~::~~~z=:Z’”: =!::::....+..... .. . . ... .

. .... .... . .. ..... . .... . ... . . .. .. . .. . . ...!.... . .. . .. ... ... . . .... . .. . .. .. ...... .... ... ..... .

. .... ........ .....

::::::::: ::::!:::: ::::::::: ... . .... . . .. . . .... . .. . . . ... ... .. . .. . .. .... .. .. .. .. ... . ... . .... . . .. . . . ... ::::?:::: ::::1:::: ::::;:::: ....~...,. .... .... .... .....

... ... .. ..... ..... . .. . . ... . .... ...... .. . . . ... . .. . .. .. . . ... .... .- .... . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . .. ..... . . ...}....

....!.... ..... .... . . . . .. ... . ... . . .. . .... . .. .. .

ALTiTiJDE::::::::: ;:::;:::: .. .. . .... . ... . . ... .. .... .... . ... .... . . .. . . ... . . ... ..... . ... ..... . .. . . . ...

. ........ ... . .... . . .. . .. .. . ... . . ... .....<..... .. . . . .. . ... .. ... .. ... . .. . . . .... .... . .. . .. .. . ... ... .. .... . .. .. . ::::::::: ... .. ... . . .. . . ... .. ....... . .... .... . . . .. . ... . ... . .. .. . . :::;:::: ..--:.... . .. . . ... .... . .... . .. . . . . .. . .... . ... . ... . .. .. .

(FT)......... ......... ......... .............!.... ......... ......... .................. ...*...... ........ ........::::!:::: ::::::::: ..-.:.p.-......... ........ . ::::;:::: ::::;:::: :::::::: ::::::::i..—. .- — ......... ......... ........ .........

......... ....!.... ....1....2000.

::::]::::::::1::::......... .... .... . . .. ....... .. . .. ... . .. .. ... . . ... . . .. . ....!....

. ... ..... ... . ..... . ... ~.-.. . ... .... .

. ...{.... ... . ..... . .. . . ....

. ....... . ... ..... .

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... . ..... ::::::::: ... .. . .. . .... .... .

. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. ... . ... .. .. .::::1:::: .---: ---- ;::;;::!: :::;::3; ::;:::;;1 :::::::::... .. . .. . :..::.!::::.... .. .. . .::..::::: ::::::::: ... . .... . ... ..... . . ... .. .. . ..:::!::::. ● ● .

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DiSTANCE (FT)

..... ... .... .... ........ .. .. .. . n. .;....

4000. ..... .. ... . .. . . . .. . ... .. . .. . ... . ........ ... ... :::::;;{: ::::::::: :::::::::.... .. .. . ... . .....

... .. .. . .... ..... ‘. ..... ... :::!:::: :::::::::

ALTiTLiDE. ..... ... .. ....... ... . . ... . . ...!.... . ... .... . ..... . ..- ... . . . ...::::i:::: ::::!:::: ::::;:::: ::::::::: ::::::::: ::::?::::......... . .. .. ... . . .. .. .... . .. . . ... . .... .. .. .

(FT) ...... ... .. .... .. . . .. .. . .. . . ...!..... .. .. ...... -.:---- ::::!:::: ::::,::::: ::::::::: ::::;:::: ::::1:::: ::::Z:::: :::::::::.... ..... . .. .. .. . . . ... . . .. ..—- .... .. .. .. .. ...... .. . .. ... . ... . . .... . ... .... . .-. .. . ... ... .. .. .. .. ... . . ...!.-.- .... .. .. .

2000. . ._... . .... .::::::::: ::::::::: ::::i:::: . .. . .. .. . . ... .... .. ........ .. . .. .... ... . . ... . . .. . .. ... ::::i:::: ::::!:::: :::::::::

......... . ... .. .. .

. ...!..... ... :-... . .. .. ... .

. ...!.... .... .. .. .. .. .. .... . ... ........ ...... . ... . .... ----, -.. .. .. ...... . ..... -. .-:---- :::::::::..... . .--.:---- ... . .... . . . .. ..... . ... .... . . .. . . . .. ... . . . . ... ......... ....:.... ----=””--.... . . .. .

.... . . .. . . ...1.... . ... .... .

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DiSTANCE (FT)

:::;’:::: =?:;;: ::::~:::j ::::;:::; ::j%::jj :::%:::: ::::%:::j_ :;:j~::::... ...

. .. .. .. . . .-’.-:---- ... . . ... ..-------- .---, ---- ... . .. .. . ....!.... .... . ... . ::::!:::: ... ... .. .. .. . .. . . . ::::::::: ::::$:::: ,-..:----.... .....

. .. . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . ..... . .. .. ... .. .. .. . .. . . ...!.... . .. . .. .. . . .. . . .... .. . . . . .. . .... . ... . ....!.... ... ... .. .. .. .. ... . . ... . . .. . ... . .. .. .... ..... . . .. . . . .. . ....!..... .. .. . ... . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. . ... . .... .

. ........ . ... .. .. . . .. .. . ... . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .... . .. . ..... ... . .. .. . . ... ..... . .. .. ... .

ALTiTUDE........... ... .... . .. ..... . :::::::: :::::::::... .. .... . .. . .. .. .

(FT);:::;::::

2000. .... ---.:.... ::::;::::,. ..- . ... ..... ::::::::: ..”.,----.... .. .... ........ .. ...... .

. ... . . .. . ... .. ..... .. ... ... . .. ....... .. ... .... ..... ... .. .... .. . ...!.... .“.”:”-........... .. ....

... ... ...

.0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

i)iSTANCE (FT)

*LC 19MAY95! REVISED DATE CFIT Escape Maneuver SIudyX-IECK landing Flaps al Sea Leyel

727,737,747

4PR I Pitch Up to 15 Deg, 20 Deg & Shaker Figure 7A4PR

TI-H30EINGCOMPANYPAGE

,

Page 11: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

LANDING FLAPS, SEA LEVELPITCH UP TO:1S DEG

PITCH UP TO 15 DEG VS 20 VS SHAKER‘--------20 I)EG————–sTIw SHAKER

3 DEG/SEC P ITCH RATE

...... ......... ......... ......... ....?............. ......... ......... .........I::::~::::::::!:::::::::::::::::!:::::::::::::::::!:::::::::::::::::::::......... ....].... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .................. ......... “......... ......... ......... ....3.... .........

.-.-?....1.:::;:::::~:w::%=%= ::;:$::=::=W::::::Wxiii :i;:&,:::::::::::::i::::::::;::::

ALTITUDE........ . . . . ... ... ....1.... . .. . . ....... .. ... . . .. . ..... . .. .. .... ..... . ... ... .. ... . . . .. . . .. .;:::l:::: ;:::*:.:: .... .. .... .. ...... .. . . ..

(FT) ....{.... ......... ......... ........................... . ...!.... .........

2000. ::::!:::: .. . .. . ... . ...+.... . .. ...... .... ........ .. .... . . .. .. .. . ::::i::::

.... . . ... ..... .. ... .... ..... . .. .

a

a 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

...... .. . ;:::;:::: ::::::::: .. . . . .. ./ ..... ..... . . . . .. . ... .. . . . . ... . . ...!.::: ::::i:::: ::::;:::: :;:;j:;;:::::::::: ::::::::: 1.... .. .. . ... .. ... . ::::;:::: ..., ... ......... . . ... ... . .... .. ... . . .. . . ... . ....*.... .. .. . . .. . ....*.... . ... . .. .

i. ...1.... ....!.... . . . . ... . . ...!.... ....*.... ....*.... . ... . .. .I::::::::: ... .. ............. ---- ...-.. . . .. .. . . .... ... .-...?..-. ::::;:::: ::::;:::: ::::)::::

::::{:::: ::::;:::: ::::/:::: ::::j;::: ::::$:::: ::::j:::: ::::$::::::::!:::: ... ... ... . .. ... ... . .. . .. .. . . ... f... .. ... . ....!.... . .. ..... . ::::2:::: ..-. ... ....... ... . ... . .. ..,.. - -.. .ALTITUDE

... ..... . . . .. .... . .... .. ... . ...?.... . ... .. .. . .. .. .. ... .. ...*.... ........- ::::J:::: ::::?::::. .. . .. ...... . . ... . . . . . .. .. . ... .. . ... . .. ... ... ... .. ... .(FT)

..... ... .“.-.’. ”.. ::::1:::: ::::$:::: ::::i:::: ::::i::::....].... ....*.... . ... .. ... .... . .. .. . .. .. . .. .::::;:::: ::::::::: ....1.... . .. .. .. .. ... .,... .. ... .. .

2000. .....).... ... ..... . . ...*....

. ... ...... .. . . .. .. ... .. .. . .. .. . .... .. .

....+.... ....?.... . .. . .. ... ., . .. . . . ... ........ .

. .. ..... . ... .. .. .. ::::::::: ::::i:::: ::::i:::: ::::~:::: :::::::::

..... ... . . ... .. .. .....1.... .. . . . ... .

0

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE {FT)

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TAKEOFF FLAPS, SEA LEVELPITCH UP TO:15 DEG

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TAKEOFF FLAPS, SEA LEVEL PITCH UP TO:—15 13EG

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APPROACH FLAPS, SEA LEVELPITCH UP TC) 15 DEG VS 20 VS SHAKER3 DEG/SEC PITCH RATE

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APPROACH FLAPS, SEA LEVEL PITCN UP TC15 DEG

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FLAPS UP, SEA LEVELPITCH UP TO 15 DEG VS 20 VS SHAKER

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THE BOEING COMPANYPAGE

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LANDING FLAPS, 10000 FT PITCH UP TO:15 DEG

PITCH UP TO 15 DEG VS 20 VS SHAKER ‘--------20 DEG————-sTIM sHAKER

3 t)EG/SEC PITCH RATE

14000

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000

10000

14000,

ALTiTiiilE(FT)

12000.

.

.

.

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16~00. 2oioo. 24~Otl .DISTANCE (FT)

10000.

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 240”00.DISTANCE (FT)

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000.

10000.0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

,C I \19hiAY95IIREVISED DATE CFIT Escape Maneuver StudyXIK Landing Flaps at 10000 ft 757,767,777

I Pitch Up to 15 Deg, 20 Deg & Shaker Figur$ lIBI

THEBOEINGCOMPANYPAGE

Page 20: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

TAKEOFF FLAPS, 10000 FT PITCH UP TO:15 DEG

PITCH UP TO 15 DEG VS 20 ‘VS SHAKER ‘--------20 DEG.-———-sTICK SHAKER

3 DEG/SEC ~ I TCfi RATE

_ w::: ::%:: :%::::......... . .. . .. .. . ---- .. .. .. .. .=!=: ::::::::: ~:~:!=: ::::;::::

... . .. ... . ... .. .. ..... ..... . ... .... . - . .. . .. .. .::::::::: ::::::;:: .... .. .. . ........-

..”:- .-”’*---- - _ALTITUDE

..... .... . .. .. . ...- .. ... .. .. .. ...<.... ::::::::: ::::;.... .... .. ... ... . . . .. . . ...>.... . .. ..... . ... . .... . :... .. .... .... .. .. . ....~:::: .... ... .. .... .. . .. -. .... .... ..... .... ::::::::: ::::1:::: :::::::::... .. ... . ... .. .... ::::::::: ::::;:::: ... . . . ... :::::::::(FT)

.... .. .. . ::::?:::: ::::!::::..... .... . .. .. ... . ....?.... ..... .... ... . .. ... . ...!....... ...... . ....?.... .... .. ... ....?...... —.+-.. ... .. . ... ....;.... . ...!.,.. . ... .. .. . ::::::::: ::::;:::: .. .. .. ..- ::::;::::.... .... . ... .. ... . . ... .... .. .. ...... .... .... . ...... ... :;;;;::;: .---:. ... ... .----- .. -.;---- ::::::::: ::::~:::: ..-+i..-.

12000. ~ “’’~’’” ‘::’~:~::::::::::: -...~::.. ....,... ....!.... -..-,.,-. ::::::::: ::::::::: :::::::::l:!::; ::::G..... ..... ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .::::::::: ::::!:::: ::;::;::;

.... . .... ... ...... .... .. .. . ......... ... . .. .... ... ..... .... . ........ ..... . . .. .. .. . ... .. ... ..... ..... ... . . . ... . ... .... . . . ... . ... . ... . . .....~ ... -.$----

. ... ..... ::::::::: ::::;:::: ::::{:::: ...----- ....>....

. ... ..... ..... .. .. . ... .... . ....!..... .... .... . .... .... ... ... .. .::::1:::: .... . ... . . ... ...... ... ..... .... ..... ... . . .. .. ::::!::::::::::::: ::::;:::: ... . ....- ... .. . . .. . ... . ... .

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

l%. 3*- $3% =::: %;:: :=1:::: %= ::=: :::%: ::::=:::: =:::;:; =y::....!.... . ... . ... .

.... ..... ......... . .. .. . .. . ... ... .. . . .. ... ... ... . . ... .. ... .. .. . ............ . .... . . ..... ... . .. ...... ... . . ... . .. . .. ...14000. . -::::;:::: ..-.:.-.. . .. ...... . ... ... .. . ...3.... :::::::::

. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ::::!:::: ::::::::: ::::!:::: ::::::::: ......... . . . . . . ..-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...?....

. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ::::;:::: ::::;::::

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ...+.... . ...!.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .::::::-.:: ::::::::: ::: :1:::: ::::::::: ::::::::: . . . . . ---- . -------- ::::!:::: ::::::::: . .. -. ..-.::::::::: ::::;:::: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...+.... . ...!.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....:.... -- .-:...- . ...!.... . . . . . . . . . :.-::;::::

ALTITUDE.... ..... . ... .... . . ..... ... . . ... . ... . ... ... .. . ... ... ... . ... .... . . ...<.... ... . . ... .::::i::::::::!:::: .... .... .::::::::: ::::!:::: .... . . .. .... .. ... . ... . ... .. .. . . .. .. .... ... .. . . .. ..... . . .. .. . .. . ..:::::::: ::::!:::: ::::::::: ::::!:::: ::::!::::. ... .... . ::::::::: ....*.-.. ....:....... . .. ... ....>.... .. . ..... . . ... .. .. . .... . .... . .. . ..... . .. . . . .. . . ...)-...

(FT) ....{.... .... .. .. . . ........::::!:::: ::::!:::: ::::::::: ::::;:::: :;=;;;;: .--”~-”..---.~.”.”. ..”’”... ..--’ ”.-. ::::;:::: ... . . . .. . ... . .... .. ...1.... . .. . .....::::::::: :::::::::... . .... . . .. ..... . . ..... .. . ::::::::: . ...<.... ....;.... .. .. .... . . ... ..... . ... ..... ::::1:::: ::::;::::... .. .. .. . .. . .... . . ... ..... . .. ... ... . ... . . .. . . . .. .... .-. ... .... . . ... .... . . ... ....- . .. ...... . ... .. .... ...?.... ... . .... . . ...!....12000. . :“’:’:” ::::~:::: ~w:: ::::::::: :== w::: ::3:::: ::::::::: ::::::::: =!:::: ;::%:: :::::::::

::::;:::: ~.... .. ... . .. ... .. . ..... ... . ... .. . ... ... .. . .. . ..... . .. . ... . .... ..... .... . . ... ..... . ...7....::::;:::: .... .... . ....j. :::j.... . . .. . ... .... . ... .... . .. .. .. . .. . -.. .. ..... . ... .. .... ... ..... . ..... .. .. . .. .....::::$:::: ... .... . . . .. . .. .. . . ... ..... . ... . ..... ..... .. . ....+... ... . . ..-. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. ... ...... . ::::::::: ::::?::::... . ..... ... . . ... . . ...!....

. .. . . . .. . . ...!....10000. &

...... ...

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

..... .... ... ... ...~:;:j~z g% && ::j:jj:j: ~:::~::::::::;:::: :;:j~::j:

::::!::::l::::::j::l:::::::::w~:;:; ;:;:::::;

.:::;::..

.. ...... . . ...!.... . .... ... . . .. .. .... ... .. . .. .14000. ....T-..- ~=:::~::w::: ::%::: :::~!=: ::::!:::: ::::::::; W=kw :::::= ::::i::-- .... . . .. ..

. . ...... . ‘...; ..-. ::::l::; ; ;:::K;;:

....+.... . .. . .. .. . . ...!.... . ........ .... . . .. . . .. .. ... . . .. .. .... . ...!.... . ...+.... . .. .. .... ... .. ... .... .. ... .::::!:::: ::::::::: ::::::::: ::::!:::: ... ... ... ::::::::: ....:.... ::::!:::: ::::i:::: ::::!:::: .. ... . .. .. .. . . ... .....?.... . .. .. ....... ... .. . . .. ... ... . .... .... . ... .. ... .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .....- . .. .. . .. . ... .. ... . . .. .. . .. . . ... . .... ... .. .... . ...1..... .- .:----ALTITUDE

........ . . .. ... ... . ... ..... . .. ..... . . .. . .. ... . .. .. . .. . .. .. . ... . ... ..-. .. .. ..... . .. .. .... .. . .. . .. . .. ... . .. .::::::::: ::::?:::: ::::?:::: ::::1:::: ::::?:::: .... . . ... .. . .. . .. . ... . .... . . ...!....::::!::::.... . .... ....!.... . ...!.... ..... .... . .. .. .... -. .-:.... ::::;:::: :::::::::

(FT)::::::::: ::::::::: ::::;:::: .... . ... . ::::;:::: ....?..... . .. .... . ....!.... . ..... ... . ...:.... ... ... .. . .. .. . . .. .

. . ....... ... ... ... ....!.... . ... . ... . ... . .. .. . . ...!.... ::::j:::: ....+.... ... . . ... . . .. . . ... .. ........ . ...>...- ..... ... .::::i:::: ::::;:::: ::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::: ::::!::..: ::::::::: ::::?:::: .... .. .. . .-’ .,---- ... . . ... . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .... . .... . ... .... ... .. ::::::::: ::::::::: ::::?::::-T- -. ---..... . ... .... .. ... - ....+.... . .. ....-. . .. . .. .. . ....- . ... ..... — - .-12000. . .

Y.T .... .. . .. ... . .. .. . ... .::::::::: ::::::::: ::::?:::: .... . . .. . . .. . . .... . .. .. . .. . . .. . ..... ;:::!:::: ::::~:::: ... ... .. .::::::::: ::::::::: ..... ... . .... . . .. . .... .. .. . . ... ...... .. .. . ... . ... . . ... ..... .... . ........ ..... . ... . ... . . .. . . ... . ... . . ...?.... . ... .. .. . ....).... ... . . ..-. .. . .... .... ...4.... .... .... . ... ... ... . ... ..... . ... .. .. .

.. . ... .. .. .. .. ... . ... . .... . . .. .. ... . .... .. .. . ... .. .... . ... .. ... . ... . .... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. . ... .... ... ... . . .. .. . .... .... .. . .. ... . . ... .... . . .... ... .. ... . ... ......... . ... .. ... . . .. .. . .. .::::;:::: .---, ..-. ::::$::::.... .. .. . ... ... .... .. ...... . ... .. ... ::::;::::... ... .. . .- ..*’..- .... .. .. . ....:.... ..... .. . . . . ... . .. .... .. .. .. .. ... . .. . . ... . . .. . . ...+.... .... . .... .. .. . ... .. .. .. ... . - --— ..... . .. ....... ... . ...+.... . .. . . . ... . - .....!.... ... .. . .... ...1.... ~.. ... .. .... . ... . ... . ... .. ... .. .. .. .... ::::;:::: ::::!:::: ::::;:::: .... .. .. . .. .. . ... .. ... .. .. .... ... .. . .-. .J---- ::::;::::.... .. ... . .... .. .. .... .. ........ .... . ...!.... ...... .. . :::.=.... .. .... ....1.... :=* ..... ... .

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

4LC I 19MAY95 REVISED I DATE CFIT Escape Maneuver Study-lKx Takeoff Flaps at 10000 ft 727,737,747

PR I Pitch Up to 15 Deg, 20 Deg & Shaker Figure 12APR

1TI-IEBOEINGCOMPANY

PAGE

Page 21: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

TAKEOFF FLAPS, 10000 FTPITCH UP TO 15 DEG VS 20 VS SHAKER3 13EG/SEC PITCH RATE

PITCH UP TO:15 DEG

‘-------- 20 DEG‘———–STICK SHAKEF

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000.

10000.

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

12000.

10000.

...... ......... ......... ......... .................. ......... ......... :::: i:::: .........::::::::: ::::;:::: .... ............. .........

:::: i:::: ......... ....].............

......... .................. ......... ......... ....1.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ~

. . . . . . . . . . ...].... . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. ...+.... . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

u 4060. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DESTANCE (FT)

......... ....i..:: ::::~::::

.......::::!:::: . . . . . . . . .

::: :$:::: ::::::::: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...!..:: . . . . . . . . . ::::;:::: ::::::::: . . . . . . . . . . ...?..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .::::!:::: ::::::::: ::::::::: . . . . . . . . ::::;:::: ::::::::: ::::”::::. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- J.... . ... .... . ....}.... ....1....

.... ... . ....{..::? .... .. .. . ...... .. .

.... .... . ....*.... ..... . .. . . ...!.... . ...+..... . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ..-*..-. -. -.,---- ::::;:::: :::: i:::: :::: i:::: ::::?:::: ::: :3:::: ::::;:::: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ...=”-.. . --------. . . . . . . . ./..::

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...!.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...!.... . . . . . . . . ...-.:.... :::: ~:::: :::: ::::

. ...{.... . . . . . . . . . . ...*....

::::::::: ::::::::: ::::;::::. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“- .:----

. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .

::::;::::

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 2400

DISTANCE (FT)

10.

14000.

ALTITUDE(FT)

$2000.

10000.

0 4000. 8000. 12000. 16000. 20000. 24000.

DISTANCE (FT)

WC I 119~y95 ~ REVISED I DATE

I

CFIT Escape Maneuver StudyECK

I Takeoff Flaps at 10000 ft 757,767,777

w I Pitch Up to 15 Deg, 20 Deg & Shaker Figure 12%‘R 1

1 ITHE BOEING COMPANY

PAGE

t

Page 22: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

Boeing Flight Simulator Pilot StudyThe flight simulator pilot study was conducted in a Boeing 767-200 airplane simulator to evaluateground proximity warning escape maneuvers. This simulator is indicative of the general performanceof the Boeing airplanes, and data will vary little from other Boeing models. The initial conditions for thestudy are typical of an airplane encountering rapidly rising terrain. Altitude (ft) is graphed on the verticalaxis and distance traveled (ft) is graphed on the horizontal axis.

Page 23: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

2s00

100D

Mlo

a

CFITs;gy;~:study.Approach Flaps, Sea Level

-+ Standard15Deg. Pitch

-m- Enhancsd20 Deg. Pitch

o loooam3aoo4000ww 6oofJmmooMooliJw@ lllia 12000 13W0 WioOHwizontd Distance in Feet

Page 24: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

CFIT Simulator Study767-200

Approach Flaps, Sea Level

HOdzentalmtance ImFeet

Page 25: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

14s0

8

Fw●

CFIT Simulator Study767-200

Landing Flaps, Sea Level

-?I

-s-Standsd 1S Deg. Pitch

+Enhsncd20 Deg. Pitch

* Isoo amo Mm u)oo ems S9sa 7UIS

Horlzonsl Distance inFeet

Page 26: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

---

v0

rticaI

Fuet

CFIT S;rnnl;fj Study.

Landing Flaps, Sea Level

t I

1!406-4-Standsrd 35 D’e$.Pitch

I@m .+-Enhancecf ZoDf)fppitdl

800.

I I

1400

MO.

4oo -

zw-

00 woo 2mo Jam 400 Smo Sooo ‘mm

Horizonai Distance in Feet

Page 27: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

CFIT Aero Study767-300ER

Approach Flaps, Sea LevelMoo-

1 I I2000. — -e—Stand@ 15 Deg. Pitch

v● ,rt 1*. _ + Enhancti20 Deg. Pitchic●

I “

FT

w.

eo 10002OOOSOOO4WO5OW @ooo70noaOoo9mlo 10,OOO 11*000 12,000 13,000 i4@m

krizonhl Distanceh Fe&

Page 28: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

CFIT Aero Study767-300Et3

Approach Flaps, Sea LevelUaO,

I I I 1+

&m.— -+-Stmdafd 15 C@. Pitchvbrtf#@J. . -9-thhmced 200eQ. Fwli i I A

0 tooo am moo40006000coIo 7am aaoosuQ loioo It,mo 12jliM 13;&o I&

Hdmntal Dictana in feet

Page 29: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

CFIT Aero Study767-300ER

Landing Flaps, Sea Levellam *

I I I1000- - + Standard 15 Deg. Pitch

WM. -a- Enhanced 20 Deg. Pitch

m.

400.,

am-

00 moo 2000 3000 Um Sooa 6#o ma

Horizonal Distance in Feet

Page 30: The Boeing Company - Federal Aviation Administration · The Boeing Company conducted an escape maneuver aerodynamic study and a flight simulator pilot human factors study. These studies

CFIT Aero Study767-300ER

Landing Ftaps, Sea LeveI

I

I

11,

-Standard 15 Deg. Ptich

+ Enhanced 20 Deg. Pitch

I

/’T