Upload
reece
View
33
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The Blood. Functions. Transport & Exchange Temperature Regulation Defense Against Disease (Immunity) pH Balance Fluid Volume Balance. Composition of the Blood. 8% of body weight 55% fluid & 45% solid(formed elements) Hematocrit - percent of RBC’s - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Blood
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Functions• Transport & Exchange
• Temperature Regulation
• Defense Against Disease (Immunity)
• pH Balance
• Fluid Volume Balance
Composition of the Blood• 8% of body weight• 55% fluid & 45% solid(formed
elements)
• Hematocrit - percent of RBC’s to total blood volume
• Normal value: ~45%
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Composition of the Blood
Physical Characteristics of Blood
• pH = 7.35 - 7.45 (slightly alkaline)
• Viscosity = 5x more viscous than water
• Dissolved salts = salty fluid
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Plasma• Content: 90 - 92% water + electrolytes, buffers, hormones, enzymes, pigments, & vitamins
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Plasma
Plasma Proteins• Albumins - maintain viscosity & water
balance between tissues & blood
*large proteins cannot pass through capillaries but are able to take up water soluble wastes, therefore, food & oxygen leave capillaries while proteins stay and osmotic pressure is maintained
Plasma Proteins• Globulins - aid in defense against disease; associated with antibodies
• Lipoproteins - bind to fats and transport them around the body
Plasma Proteins
• Fibrinogen - changes from soluble to insoluble form during the clotting reaction
Plasma Proteins• Serum - plasma that has had fibrinogen (clotting proteins) removed
• Edema - fluid retention by tissues (swelling) often caused by abnormal loss of plasma proteins from bloodstream due to kidney problems
Solid Parts of the Blood• Erythrocytes =
RBC’s (red blood cells)
• Leukocytes = WBC’s (white blood cells)
• Thrombocytes = platelets
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Hematopoiesis• Process of blood cell formation
• Occurs in the red marrow
• Hematocytoblast = stem cell from which all formed elements of blood originate
Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis• RBC’s survive ~120 days
• Reticulocytes = immature red blood cells that still contains a nucleus & organelles
• Reticulocytes make up ~0.8% of all circulating RBC’s
Hematopoiesis• Hemoglobin - protein/pigment found in rbc’s that binds to oxygen
Hematopoiesis
• Erythropoietin - hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBC’s; produced in the kidneys & released when oxygen levels in the blood decline
Erythropoietin & Blood Doping
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Conditions that require more RBC’s
• Strenous muscular exercise
• Ascending to high altitudes
• Rise in environmental temperature
The End