THE WASHINGTON TIMES SUNDAY MARCH 8 1903

BLIND PRINTERS OF COLUMBIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTEj

Wonderful Work Performed by Sightless Men andWomen They Print Bind Fold Stitch andTrim Papers Without the Aid ofEqual to That of the Most Skillful

VisionWork

N INSTITUTION which is theoutgrowth of an effort of pro-

gressive and successful blindpersons to rescue loss fortunate fellows

from a condition of dependence and neg-

lect wns Incorporated in the District ofColumbia on the 17th day of May 1980

This Institution It known as the Colum-bia Institute and It has itshumble quarors at 1SOS H Street north-west

It was organized for the purpose ofaccomplishing for the blind adult Inthis country what similar British and othor foreign associationshave accomplished for their blindAdults made helpless by blindnessthrough accident who are compelled tosec their families left destitute theirchildren bound to strangers they themselves in all probability sent to thepoorhouse arc employed in the Columbia Polytechnic Institute furnished withemployment and make and for

A

Poly ichnic

maintain

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

>

IN THE FOLDING ROOM

I

rr I

SOUNDING THE DEPTHS OF THE MIGHTY SEAa AERIALof rubber balloons carrying

barometers andthermometers are to be seat upby the Weather Bureau for the purposeof studying the region of the upper at-

mosphere concerning which comparatively little Is known at the presenttime They will be about three feet Indiameter and will be much like the toyballoons one sees on the streets except that they will be filled with hydro-gen gas The instruments to be sent upwill weigh only two pounds for eachballoon which being set free will riseuntil it bursts owing to the jjrosurfrom within and the rarefaction of thesurrounding air

Provided With ParachutesEach rubber balloon will be provided

with a parachute in order that whenlittle gasbag bursts the instrumentsmay not be dashed to destruction fnfalling It Is expected however that I

use will be made in similar fashion ofpapor balloons which will require MO

parachutes because when they explodethey lose their gas slowly and thuscomo down in a gradual and dignifiedmanner Eaoh paper balloon will ho

about stx feet IB dlamolor filled withhydrogen nndeoated with paraffin var-

nish to render it gas tight One advan-tage of such balloons of paper and

Is that they are quite inexpensiveso that the experiments made with themneed net cost mutfh

Such ballaDS are called sounding bal-

loons because the Weather Bureaumeans to USD thorn for mabing soundingsIn the groat ocsaildT air oa the bottomft which human beings crawl about jutts the deop seas Qehcs dwell on the floor j

of the aqueous ocean The atmosphericocean Instead of being composed of

Is a mixture of gagoB and lately folkhave booornq anxious to nod out

about do Jp it IB andit III Uko a to temperature densityetc in the upper levels

Curiosity on this subject Is so greatthat within the last few years many ad

FLOCKS

I

f

t

wa-

ter

1t1 boP hat

soon

1

the

rub-

ber

some-thing

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

of active practice In law he was appointed secretary of the State board ofeducation for the blind of ConnecticutDuring the past eight years he has beencalled upon to solve for other blind people the problem which he was forced tosolve for himself As a delegate for theUnited States to the International Con

ference on Education of the Blind heldin Paris In August 1900 an opportunitywas offered him to visit the institu-tions for the blind in Scotland Englandand France All this experience andstudy of the conditions and limitations-of the blind served to strengthen hisconviction that every ablebodied blindperson capable of selfsupport andthat when this Is understood by the public and by the blind people themselvesthe establishment of workshops for themwill throw off the burden of dependenceand make them become active and use-

ful societyAt a meeting two years ago of the

educated and progressive blind people

Is

membersof

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

of NewEngland as guests of the ajumn1of the Perkins University a resolutionwas adopted stating that that institutionvlows with groat gratification and approval the establishment of an institution for the training of the adult blindat Washington D C under the foster-Ing care of the National Governmentetc

The Columbia Polytechnic Institutewas incorporated with the following

Rev H X Couden HonJoseph R Hawley Mr Justice BrewerDr J W Blschoff Rt Rev Henry Y

n

in-

corporators

¬

¬

venturous men have risked their lives intrying to make way as far skyward-as possible a most perilous kind of en-

terprise inasmuch as the thinning ofthe air makes breathing difficult at throemiles above sea level and a little fur-

ther nn ne human being can survive forany length of time Up to dato only a-

very few individuals have succeeded inpassing the fourmile limit

The famous Eiffel Tower at Pariswhich is probably ten times ashigh asthe Tower of Babel is tho tallest

ever erected by human hands at-

taining an elevation of 100 foot A kitehss been flown from Blue Hill near Boaten at H height of a mile and threequarters The highest place

occupied as a residence by human beIrj is the Convent of Hanle in Tibet

abeve the but the village

their

see

struct-ure

permanent-ly

feel

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

FEEDING THE PRESSi i

theTr fajriTHcTdomforinble homos Votingblind 1womW Suit alone in the worldeven though graduates from institu-tions having no parents or families toreceive them are taken In charge bythe institute saved from the almshouseand are enabled to live in retirementand culture

Organized By a Blind ManTho institute was organized by F E

Cleaveland LiU B of Hertford Connwho now holds the position of secretary In 1876 Mr Cleaveland sufferedtotal loss of sight After twenty years

¬

¬

SaUaclee F If Clea Roy JMmckln E S Parker the late J S WHson Lieutenant Commander Fred A

Miller retired H KW Miles S IIKauffmann Beriah Wilkins Myron MParker Rev Richard P Williams RtRev Alex MackaySraUh Col Frank SColton retired Dr S O Richey amHon Sidney D Perbaai exgovornor oMaine

Tire Rev H N Couden D D chaplainof the House of Representatives Is pres-

identRooms were fitted up with

7land oAF

printing

of San Vincent in the Bolivian Andesis only 540 feet lower It is observedthat dwellers Ht such altitudes are

physically weak the atmosphereat irOeO feeing of only onehalf thenormal density and supplying an InsuiR-cieut amount of oxygen to the lungs

Perus Lofty RailroadTho highest railroad in the

Peru carries the passengers in nine

hours from the level of the sea to twoand a half miles shove It and people who take the trip Sad no little dis-

comfort in breathing though they havenot been obliged to exert themselves Inany way Up to the present time theloftiest point on the earth reached by ahuman being is Piontr Peak in theHimalayas nearly 23000 feet whichwas ascended in 1882 by W M Conway

worldIn

al-

waysfoot

most

¬

¬

¬

ing to England with his army at thecamp of oiilogne In August 1801

Minister Decree gave orders for sending away from Brest Fulton with hisboat and his torpedo though he had

them successfully to blow up aderelict in the presence of the Frenchofficials He similar

In England he went after

used

experiencedwhere

treat-ment

¬

go through life making notesone almost with a different

and we wont know who hasdonu the treat work till the notes are

Sometimes the fastest shorthandwriter 1 the longest in writing out hernotes The champion speeder Isnt theone that can write the most letters adayTho

boss would rather have ten perfectletters per day than thirty Imperfectones

If your boss lunches at the same placethat you do one of you ought to changeIf aro wise U will bo you

A pretty girt with a stylish shirtwaist

WEesystem

transcribed

you

presses and under the guidance of MrCleaveland and others a row adultblind people from different parts ofcountry were taught and became suc-

cessfully engaged in printing foldingbinding stitching and trimming papersbooks pamphlets and all kinds of workdone by fully equipped job printing offices The work done is not only fullyequal to that of scoing omployes in otheroffices but superior totho average persons employed in a job printing ofileo

There are thirteen regularly employedblind printers in the Institute but twentyfive could be occupied by the presentplant

The omployes lose no time at theirwork on account of their misfortuneOne seeing them at the printing presseswould not realize under whatdjfficuIUofthey toll The theory that those void ofsight are useless Is apt to be shaken itone would pass through the rooms of theinstitute Blindness be a mister

MarchBy TAliKS UAC09TH RODIHIt

Thou ruffian JIarch

Thy ahrlefcfag winds ami autlba rainsThat sweep the heights anti drench the

But the on toWith icy

Oh cruel March i

In vain shall blow across Times pathThy noisy winds in spitefulAdowm the vista April iIn tearful smiles to ope thogaosTo love of mine in bright rray

To bonnie May

I

11JIaW nQ or pj

1

bidbreath

II

may

tattpiatholilyfios4hras sirtui

plainsfrail ones death

i

wrathwait

o

¬

¬

¬

¬

The next best record is held by E A

Fitzgerald who in JSf MountAcuauagua 32423 feet In ArR HU H

which is supposed to be thesummit in the Western Hemisphere

Mount Everest In the HimslHyas isfive and a half miles high the loftiestpeak on earth and more thus a milehigher than Pioneer Peak One may as-

sert with confidence that It will neverbe climbed Inasmuch MS no human be-

ing could survive for even a few minutes on its summit Neverthelessmen have gone as high as thatand even hlsh jr in balloons1B4J2 two enterprising English aero-

nauts Coxwell and Glaisner reached an altitude of flue and a half milesin a balloon and managed to descend In

safety though both of them became un-

conscious and nearly died Ten years

conquered

In

highest

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

his failure In France and where underthe eyes of Admiral Holloway Pitt andLord Melville Fultons torpedo boatblew un the brig Dorothee which wasthrown six teet In the air and fell backbroken in two But that treatment wasto be expected from the greatest navalpower of the world and when Fultonproud of his success presented himself

has three chances of employment to theplain girls one but the plain girt Irissix times as many chances of gottingmore money out of tier job after a time

If you see a mistake in your boss coolposition tell him about it sad thenchange It but dont change it withouttolling him Youll find he Is alwaysright but if you never find him to be inerror hes apt to get suspicious of youand change over to Miss Harding-

If you dont give the firm any moretime than you have to the firm wontgive you any more money than it has to

Be bright and cheerful over your workIf you can do work that way but If youcant bettor get tho reputation of beingmelancholy

¬

IS

deathIn this country there are fortysix in

stifotlons for blind children There isonly one institution for the adult blindthe one in Washington Mr Cleavelandhopes that the Columbia PolytechnicInstitute will be an example to each oneof the States and that bofore in-

stitutions of the same character will becstablishotl in all parts of the country

The failure of Congress at its lastseeeion to make an appropriation recom-mended by the District Board of Chari

tt

n6 bu s rtfly a rxaill apt a liv-

ing

boas ¬

¬

later in France CroceSplaelH Siveland Tlseaadier got up In a balloon towithin 1100 feet of the same level andthe first two died for lack of air Butthe final achievement which s yet remains unequaled was that of Dr Berson in ISfS who with the help of atank of oxygen nearly attained the sixmile level whore the highest cloudssupposed te be composed of snow crystals or ice crystals float He found thetemperature degrees below zero

Cold in the Upper RegionsThere is no telling how high the

Weather Bureaus sounding balloons willgo before they burst but it is confident-ly expected that the instruments theycarry will record many facts of valueto science in regard to conditions ofmoisure temperature etc in the upperlevels of the atmosphere It is already

of pit

¬

¬

¬

When a boss bullyrags you hes tryingto see if youre worth while being niceto If a boss says your work is bad andIt Is try to better It If it Isnt resign

If you want to get an interest In thebusiness take an interest in it

The mote your talks to you whoayou the the less hell talkto you after a while

If the cashier sees you taking home apocketful of lead pencils at night youllflail hell lock the site when yourearound

When the other girl begins to gossipabout the firm shes talking right intothe private office Every ollleo is fittedwith a wireless system and the cobearer is on the dusk of the bow

bossfirst take jot

¬

Publish a Monthly Magazine Devoted to theI Blind the National Organ of a Society of War

Veterans and Have on Hand a Contract forthe Government x x t

ties places the institution in an embar-rassing and difficult situation as an hi-

dcbtoilnoss of about 15000 has been incurred for the building ma-

chinery otc a portion of which mustbo paid monthly Mr Cloavcland

devoting his entire time to thiswork for the past year and more thanhalf of his time for the past three yearswithout receiving any compensation hasadvanced nearly 6000 from his savingssince he lost his sight

The revenue obtained otherwise thanfrom Mr Cleaveland and from actualprinting is from public donations andconcerts given by employee One ofthe employes of the Institution is organist of a prominent church of Washington-and two others arc members of thechoir of the same church

Two Only Have SightThe superintendent of the printing de

partment is Oliver L Bell Mr Bell hasbeen Identified with the institution sinceits establishment here He is one of its

I

I

I present

be-

sides

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

two employes who are blessed withsight He and the blind force are atpresent printing the national organ of asociety of local war veterans a leadingpatent paper of this city two churchpapers an organ of a local secret society and their own monthly magazineTalks Tales and Public Opinion Thismagazine is edited printed and

by the institute and its sale isone of the iastitutes regular sources ofrevenue

Mr Bell is also engaged on a largeorder from the City Postofflce which

pub-

lished

fa-t

¬

¬

known that in those levels thechange hardly at all from winter

to summer At six miles where themares tall clouds float It

is eternal winter and the wind blowsoften at the rate of 20 miles an hourAs one ascends from the surface ofthe earth the thermometer gees down17 degrees per mile and the density of

air is halved for each three milesof the ascent Onehalf of the atphere is below the throemile level andits density at ten silos Is ealy oneninth of what it is at the surface Thotemperature at tea niles hi OS belowzero and at twentyfive miles is peltably 200 below At fifty miles It mustbe near to the absolute aero ef spacethe temperature of the dark sid of themoon which is 461 degrees below Utezero qf Fahrenheit

Observing stations have been eetab

feathery

the

r

temper-ature

¬

¬

FULTON INVENTOR OF THE FIRST SUBMARINE BOAT7 u== == === = = = = = = = = = = =

>

IT is generally known says theMatin of Paris that the first sub

marine boat was invented by Fultonbut It was generally thought also thatthere was nothing practical in the famous Americans invention This was anerror as shown in two recent publlcn-

tloss from a retired lieutenant of theFrench navy and from M 1ontln thelibrarian of the ministry of marine atParis The after a pe-

rusal of the archives at his disposalquotes several official renorts from wit-nesses of the performances of Fultonssubmarine boat and concludes by say-Ing with Lieutenant Duboe above men-tioned that the submarine of one hun-dred years a o presented very nearlythe principles modern submarine and also in the Whlteheadtorpedo The Nautilus pf Fulton

feats such as none of oursubmarines have yctj4hred to attempt

Tho American Supported by the greatgavans MOMRO and Laplace bad tolightagainst bureaus of the marine of-

fice against minister Admiral Deores and oijaln st that ass the FirstConsul who then missed his fortunemeaning by thL the certainty of cross

adoJ

ac-complished

latter careful

thethey

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

¬

to the first lord of the admiralty thelatter said o him Pitt Is the great-est fool that has ewr existed for

a kind of war quite useless-to those are masters of the sea andwhich wonld be deprived of this su-

premacy if that method of warfare

Fulton with his Nautilus measuring

who

en-

couraging

suc-ceeded

¬

¬

¬

¬

SOME MAXIMS OF THE TYPEWRITER GIRL

six meters and a halt long twmeters and a quarter wide went downthe Seine to Havre using amoved by hand The boat went dewa atwill through the introduction ef a cerlain quantity of water It went up againthrough the expulsion of the liquid bal-last with a pump Later beat the bow a screw with hartamttitlblades which allowed his boat to muMtaia Itself la a constant level Therewere other improvements Fulton knewthe depth ia which he was thanks

kinii of barometer registering thweight of the corresponding watercolumn The position of tho enemy WItS

through a cupola havfagand raised just en the level of the wa-ter The crew was composed ef threemen qaatala included They cfbuM stayunder water with two lightedtheoretically during six hours and prac-tically three hours To blow up athe Nautilus went underneath it sadsent Into It a barbed harpoon to whichwas attached a torpedo placed MMHdred meters backward Tho 5Ntbn artiMbout had a must and a sail for kgprogress OK the surface they couldbe drawn Tnslde the vessel in a few memonth owing to aa Ingenious nurahMi

and

tI

I

one

anti

strew

adapted

to-n

observed ports

candles

newel

tam

¬

¬

¬

the third of its Usta HO doubtproving that the work is up to thestandard at lefts

Hoary R W Mlles one of the blindprinters does all the typowrtttan oorrespondoBce for the printing shop Hiswork is accurately and neatly doneWhen sufOeieBt funds are raised and anautomatic typesetting machine Is purchased Mr Miles will be assignedtypesetting His ue of thewill fully fit him fer this work

Like an Ordinary Printing Office

In the basement of the building la-

the printing dopartiaent and composingroom The folding and tatting room ison the second floor and the office ison the floor above To describe theserooms would be to describe any ordinary job printing establishment Thoworkers feed the machines stitch theirwork etc like seeing printers do MrCleaveland when asked by a Times reporter how ha had conceived the ideaof printing by the blind said that h

kind

typewriterla

¬

¬

¬

<

WITHOUT THE AID OF SIGHTJ Jf n

f

rawraa

was onge talklBs to a man whofeeding a prose and he founi out thatthe was loekfeg at Mm and not atthe machine he was faedtag He atonce thought that It a seeing man coulddo this work without seeing a blind mancould also

The institute is fitted out with aflitting room wbere the osaployes havetheir leach Ix the wince room arean organ and a piano for the use of theblind printers A grapkopheae andother forms of aamsesaeat are furnished by Mr Cievlaa

wa

man

¬

Isbed oa high moantaiae at levels toofar aloft fee ceatfaiMd residence andIH such places stfree tostru-nients have boos placed operated byclockwork which reamer from hourto hour the temperature moisture andvelocity of the wind Suchstations which are visited at regularintervals fer the ef rewindingthe eloctewvk and efcmaghtg Ute recordsheets hare set up e Moaat Blanc

oa tajf ntraait C the volcaae ofMieci tn Peru

on top of Pikes Peak but i wasaiMSMloned a few years ago owing to thediMcttity oC It

A French ExperimentHeights far oseeedtog even ihr altt

tale attained Oar Dr Bmrooc hav M nreached by free kalloeac carrying ujto-aiatie ia CniHioata Ono ef th r theAitropkile sent p in Fraa r TV-pr l years ago a 0 as shown b thbarometer it its basket got up as highas ten mites above the surfs cearth Of ecwrae It had no rfreight A sinthtr balloon thwas Itberazed at Bei iia and anelevatloa Y ttgkt and rr 1

degrees kotov soreAll of k sees a l other T a

the earth were on t a tirothe aUBoapfcefe btn 1 11-

the stuck 01 ihcondensed The n ints BUPPCS-

Bte y ktode of strange joonatrrin tbo oesofk of th air All of thare airdAMWHers of o r i as

a foil cf such ins orthe apirfts Mire heal inarnr-W and jo be i

and fee this day the Vustralianhave periodical in whichcatch the oplrHs alttorwardnut R tbeee modern times thattributes ot the spirits hi

only their shadows j a 7-

unceen ta mysterious r ale o

lag

purpose

beeranti e El

need in a

taI

thE

a tJJnlonf bal

reg 7

po 1 orua roil

but cooling Of Ill orglebe moistrr

bIflits

p

thi that thfluid I

olt tad hl

na I

hbam

r-

aMtile

automatic

There be sta-tion

was

man> <

this ltbeasidMc tarried t g

s en

Mae wita theL tii

a I

r taut goofolk beMaj vo

able i

vean s they

Datingeel

nbbe-

ampvtean

1

<

+

>

°

°