Upload
emory-bryant
View
212
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Birth of the Modern World
The Middle Ages Period in Europe from the fall of Roman
Empire (late 400s) to mid 1300s Because of political disorder, warfare,
shortages, etc., feudalism arose Feudalism- system of government in which
people pledged loyalty to a lord in exchange for protection.
Feudalism A) Social System strict
class structures based on land and military power (serfs, knights, lords)
B) Political System king controlled political life with the help of nobles
C) Economic System manors – included lord’s house and peasants who worked the land in exchange for protection
The Crusades Crusades: religious wars between European
Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land (1096-1221)
Effects of the Crusades: A) new ideas and products- silk, spices, use of
zero B) increased trade C) growth of intolerance between Christians and
Muslims
The Renaissance Rebirth of interest in the
arts and learning, especially those of ancient Greece and Rome that spread across Europe (mid 1300s - 1600s)
Around 1450, Johann Gutenberg invents the printing press with movable type revolutionizes spread of knowledge
Migration & The Age of Discovery Migrate: - to move from on place to another
Reasons Why People Migrate: A) political- Nazi Germany, Soviet Union B) economical – 1848 Irish Potato Famine, Gold
Rush (1849) C) adventure – Vikings (1000), Jamestown D) religious – Puritans, Mormons E) social – outcasts, Pilgrims
Migration (Cont.) Native Americans-
come from Siberia 11,000 – 30,000 years ago. By 1500, 10-15 million in the Americas
10% (~1 million) lived in present U.S. and Canada
Quite different from Aztecs, Incas, Mayas
Migration (Cont.) Those who came to
America before Columbus:
Vikings c. 1000 Vinland – Leif Erickson
Egyptians, Phoenicians, Irish Monks unconfirmed
The Age of Discovery Reasons for exploration 1450-1650: A) spirit of the age (Renaissance) B) new navigational instruments: compass,
astrolabe check position of stars to check ships latitude
C) search for passage to China (sea route) D) thirst for gold ad wealth E) national prestige and power F) religious persecution and zeal
The Age of Discovery (Cont.) Prince Henry the Navigator: - great military man - devotes self to study of navigation - did not travel himself, but promoted work
of others - sends ships to Africa Gold Coast - Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco daGama
South Africa
Christopher Columbus Spain searching for all water route to India Columbus felt he could reach it by sailing west Gets idea from Ptolemy, a Greek scholar and
map maker 3 August 1492 – receives three ships from
Ferdinand & Isabella 12 October 1492- lands in Bahamas (San
Salvador) – then goes to Cuba and Hispaniola (now Dom. Rep./Haiti)
Columbus’s Voyages
Vasco daGama 1498- reaches India Goods brought back sold for 60 times price
paid spices/jewels Breaks monopoly of Italian city- states
Amerigo Vespucci Sails for Italy/Portugal - “four” voyages to New World claimed to
be first to set foot on mainland
Vasco deBalboa - crossed the Isthmus
of Panama - first European to
gaze at the South Sea (Pacific Ocean)
Pacific “Peaceful”
Ferdinand Magellan Sails for Spain with 5 ships and 243 men (1519) Reaches Rio de Janiero (spends winter there) Sails around southern tip of South America One ship lost in a storm Reach the Strait of Magellan, fearing the ice a ship turns
around and goes back to Spain Reached the Philippine Islands and are attacked – Magellan
killed Only one ship remains – Victoria Crosses Indian Ocean, rounds Africa After 3 years, 12 days, with 18 men left, Victoria sails into
Seville, Portugal (1522)
THE WORLD IS ROUND!
Gold and Spain 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon – seeks
“fountain of youth” Discovers and explores Florida 1519 Hernando Cortes Aztecs (Mexico) Francisco Pizarro Incas (Peru) Hernando de Soto southeastern U.S. –
Mississippi River Francisco de Coronado Grand Canyon
Conquistadors “conquerors” Pizarro/Cortes
conquer Incas/Aztecs, fall of great Native American culture
Also Catholic missionaries are sent to the new world to convert the “savages” to Christianity
The Northwest Passage Search for a quicker route to the far
east Explorers: John Cabot (sails for England) –
discovers Canada Sir Francis Drake – combines
exploration with piracy - steals from Spanish ships - first Englishman to sail around world - 4700% profit! Henry Hudson – Hudson Bay - hired to find shorter route to Spice Is.
cloves, pepper, nutmeg - crew puts him in a small boat and
leaves him
Spanish Settlements Colony: a settlement that is ruled by another
country Encomiendas: large estates in which Native
Americans lived under colonists care Aristocrats: people of high social standing Mission: consisted of church, living quarters, and
workshops Presidios: small forts to protect colonists Vaqueros: Spanish cowboys
French Settlements Many became rich through fur trade Very few settlers though – mostly trading
posts Louisiana territory/Canada
Dutch, Swedish, and Russian Settlements
Dutch:- New Amsterdam (New York)- Excellent farmers
Swedish:- Gives us the log cabin
Russian:- Vitus Bering Bering Strait- Alaska and west coast of North America