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The Birth of the Industrial Revolution . 5.1 | The Smoke has Settled, so Let’s Make More . Britain c.1750 . Majority of people live agriculturally Local lifestyle; limited movement By 1850 – Industry expands – cities expand – communications expand – Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (10 days). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Birth of the Industrial
Revolution 5.1 | The Smoke has Settled, so Let’s Make
More
Britain c.1750 Majority of people live agriculturally
Local lifestyle; limited movement
By 1850 – Industry expands – cities expand – communications expand – Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (10 days)
Agriculture Expands Neolithic Revolution to 1700 AD Education
Soil exhaustion Mechanical seeder Tulips in the Netherlands
Land enclosure Efficiency outweighs equality
The Black ForestAnd I mean Europe
Yes, it was once a HUGE forest, hence the name
So what happened?
Coal New, efficient, and
everywhere Powered steam engines
that would power the industrial revolution
More coal = more production = more power Soon, Everything was run
by steam machines using coal
Visitors to these CitiesDescribed them as… “cloud of coal vapor”
Pounding noise of steam enginesFilthy stench of river
Social Stratification What we were working with
Wealthy (nobility) Somewhat wealthy (merchants, bankers, and such) Not wealthy (farmers and c.85%)
Industrial Revolution = entrepreneurs from private enterprise = new social class Bourgeoisie = collection of the somewhat wealthy and
the emerging wealthy “Rags to Riches” Eager to “get ahead”
Capitalism Takes Root Private enterprise invests in
technology (capital) to out produce
Quality vs. Quantity Mercantile system as “dumping
grounds” The Wealth of Nations
Society begins to divide
Those not with the wealthy or bourgeoisie were left behind
Industrial working class Lived outside the pleasant
emerging neighborhoods Stuck in the stanky slums Contained in dirty, polluted
tenements No running water No sewage No waste system – rotting
garbage everywhere Runoff into rivers –
contaminated water and stunk
Life in the factories The good ole times (agricultural)
Worked hard but … Safer, cleaner, at your own pace, and seasonal
Industrial society 12 to 16 hour shifts; 6 or 7 days a week No regular breaks, no safety equipment – limb loss was
common Hazardous dust everywhere – Mines Labor protests – Unions
Women can work?
I suppose, but let’s pay them half as much, make them work as much, and then make them go home and care
for their entire families
The Cotton IndustryBritain’s Industrialization
Capitalism = Competition = Innovation = Wealth = Cost of goods = Wages = Strong
economy
The Ball Begins to Roll
Production soars = wealth grows = population grows = demand grows
Factories born Speed of movement required
grows Transportation grows Canals, locomotives, steam
powered engines
Urbanization Cities grow as centers of
productivity Land enclosure =
increased productivity and increased labor pool Factories hire cheap
labor Manchester, GB pop
1750 – 17,000 1801 – 70,000