The BioSand Filter for Households in Developing Countriesin

The BioSand FilterTM for Households in Developing CountriesHouseholds in Developing Countries

© Dr. David Manz and Pure Filtered Water International Ltd.

The Case for Clean Water

School children in Mole, Ghana collect water from a local pond filled witha local pond – filled with crocodiles & bathing elephants


WHO Millennium ReportpAt the beginning of 2000 1.1 billion people were without access to people were without access to improved water supply.

The majority of these people live in Asia and Africa, where fewer than one half of all Asians have than one-half of all Asians have access to improved sanitation and two out of five Africans lack improved water supply.

Rural water services continue to lag far behind urban services.


The Case for Clean WaterWater supplied or otherwise availablefor domestic use in most of the warmclimate developing countries is climate developing countries is perfectly adequate for:

laundry, bathing (sometimes not) bathing (sometimes not), toilets, household cleaning

but not for:drinking,cooking and washing of fresh Often water is available irregularly and in g gvegetables, washing eating utensils, cooking utensils and eating area.

Often water is available irregularly and in an unpredictable fashion. A family in Dhaka, Bangladesh collect water during a flood


medical procedures flood.

Water Treatment SustainabilityyCommunity water treatment and distribution systems are difficult to sustain systems are difficult to sustain.

Many communities are simply not accustomed to collecting fees (taxes) f i l di th ti d i t f it for any reason including the operation and maintenance of a community water treatment system, much less a community water distribution system. Many of the same individuals are quite prepared to purchase safe drinking water if it is available to them. Most of the countries in the world do not maintain economies capable of establishing and sustaining water treatment and distribution systems that g g ycan guarantee safe drinking water delivery to the home


The Rural DilemmaIt is common for rural consumers to find themselvesobliged to use a water supply that is very difficult toobliged to use a water supply that is very difficult to treat to a safe drinking water standard.

Point-of-use treatment systems may be available but not y yaffordable. The required treatment may not be expensive but it may be complex to use. pOften key treatment elements may need to be replaced frequently and are not readily available. Point of use treatment systems appropriate for use in urbanPoint-of-use treatment systems appropriate for use in urban environments may not be practical


BioSand FilterTM (BSF) TechnologBioSand FilterTM (BSF) Technology

Stackable 15 litre per hour filter shells


p

Indicates countries or regionsIndicates countries or regions where there are BioSand Water filters. Not all countries are indicated.

More than 300 000 BioSand Water Filters

Indicates countries or regions where there are BioSand Water filters. Not all countries are indicated.

More than 300,000 BioSand Water Filters in more than 100 countries!


BSF DesigngDr. Dave Manz invented a process which allows the traditional large scale slow sand water filtration systems to be stopped and started, thereby developing a system appropriate to be used at a household levelappropriate to be used at a household level.

The BioSand Water Filtration (BSF) technology has been developed over a period of more than fifteen years for applications in developing countries (world wide) and more than fifteen years for applications in developing countries (world wide) and developed countries such as Canada and the United States of America.

The BioSand Water Filtration technology has proven its efficacy numerous times in The BioSand Water Filtration technology has proven its efficacy numerous times in independent laboratory and field testing (world wide).

Information on the design and specific applications is available at Information on the design and specific applications is available at www.manzwaterinfo.ca


Manually Operated Systemsy p y

45 and 15 litres per hour 15 lit h


45 and 15 litres per hour 15 litres per hour –complete package

BioSand Filters Alone Remove:100% of Parasites (Giardia and Cryptosporidia)Bacteria 90 99% (may be sub infectious)Bacteria 90 – 99% (may be sub-infectious)Viruses 90 – 99% (may be sub-infectious) S d ilt d th d d lid (t bidit l th 1 NTU)Sand, silt and other suspended solids (turbidity less than 1 NTU)Oxidized iron – almost 100% O i d i i t i b t ti ll d dOrganic and inorganic toxins are substantially reduced


BSF With Pre ‐ and/or Post ‐Treatment Removes:Treatment Removes:

Parasites (Giardia and Cryptosporidia) 100%B t i 100% Bacteria 100% Viruses 100% Sand silt and other s spended solids (t rbidit 0 3 NTU or less) Sand, silt and other suspended solids (turbidity 0.3 NTU or less) Oxidized iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide 100%Organic and inorganic toxinsOrganic and inorganic toxinsArsenicFluorideFluorideAlgaeColour, taste and odour


Colour, taste and odour

BSF Unique for Arsenic RemovalArsenic contaminated drinking water is a known problem in Argentina, Australia Bangladesh Cambodia Chile China Hungary India Laos

BSF Unique for Arsenic Removal

Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Chile, China, Hungary, India, Laos, Mexico, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, Slovak Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam.70 million people in Bangladesh have no choice but to drink arsenic contaminated water. The World Health Organization has called this crisis the largest case of mass poisoning in history.PFWI has demonstrated that the BioSand Filter™ is the most

ff ti t h l i th ld t dd i t i ti effective technology in the world to address arsenic contamination problems in all countries of the world.


Advantages of the BSFgMay be stopped and started as required – designed specifically for household use

Filter Inlet

household use.Easily installed, operated and cleaned.Full potential of slow sand filtration may be realized

Paused Water Level

Diffuser

Filter Outlet

may be realized.No ongoing costs for replacement parts.May be readily transported Standpipe

#1 Sand

May be readily transported.

U d d i G l

#3 Sand

#2 Sand

Underdrain Gravel


The BioSand’s Biological ActionFilter InletBiological

layer forms With use, water is purified by a naturally occurring biological l th t f th t f

Paused Water Level

Diffuser

Filter Outlet

layer forms here!

layer that forms on the top of the sand. The biological layer will not

#1 Sand

form if there are no living organisms in the water. The biological layer is only

Standpipe

#2 Sand

g y ynecessary when the removal of bacteria and viruses is required

Underdrain Gravel

#3 Sand

required. Post filtration disinfection is always recommended


BioSand Flow ProcessUntreated water enters filter through filter inlet or

Filter Inlet

when the lid is removed and water is poured in directly. Water passes

Paused Water Level

Diffuser

Filter Outlet

through the diffuser, through the water above the sand, through the

#1 Sand

t e sa d, t oug t esand to the underdrain, up the standpipe and out through the filter outlet

Standpipe

#2 Sand

through the filter outlet.

Underdrain Gravel

#3 Sand


Cleaning the BioSand Water Filter

Filter Inlet

When flow becomes impeded overtime depending on quality of raw

t it ti t l th filt

Paused Water Level

Diffuser

Filter Outlet

water, its time to clean the filter.

• Stop flow of raw water to filter.

#1 Sand

• Add untreated water to filter. • Agitate sand surface to

suspend material captured. Standpipe

#2 Sand

p p• Decant suspension. • Put filter back into operation.

Underdrain Gravel

#3 Sand Process takes less than 10minutes!


Other BSF BenefitsEasy to use: contaminated water is poured in the top of the filter and it is then collected immediately from the outlet ready for final is then collected immediately from the outlet ready for final disinfection prior to drinking.Well accepted by end-users for water taste and health benefitsAffordable: providing safe water through a sustainable low, one time only capital costA robust technology that does not require on going replacement parts A robust technology that does not require on-going replacement parts and operates effectively for at least 10 yearsAllows shifting to and from surface to ground water due to the wide Allows shifting to and from surface to ground water due to the wide range of pathogen, particulate and toxin removal, it enables the user to seek out the most convenient water source


Health Impact Study p yIn a recently performed study by the University of North Carolina on the use of the BSF’s in the Dominican Republic demonstrated a 70% the use of the BSF s in the Dominican Republic demonstrated a 70% reduction in intestinal disorders where 15% reduction would have been considered significant. gThese findings were achieved even without use of post filtration treatment!


Specific Accreditation and pRegulatory Approval

Health CanadaHealth Canada.Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.Parks Canada.Parks Canada.Agriculture and Agri-foods Canada.Province of Alberta, CanadaProvince of British Columbia, CanadaProvince of Saskatchewan, CanadaUnited States Arm Corps of EngineersUnited States Army Corps of EngineersStates of Ohio, California, Colorado and others.Mexico.


Mexico.Endorsed by World Health Organization and World Bank

An Appropriate Technologypp p gyAn appropriate technology for developing countries. People directly attribute their improved health and the better taste of the water to use

f Sof the BioSand Filter™

The BioSand Filter™ is the appropriate product for a myriad of water The BioSand Filter is the appropriate product for a myriad of water treatment solutions and income levels in developing countries

A flexible business model can expand in-country manufacturing capacity since the plastic BioSand household filters are currently only manufactured in Canada, United States and Bangladesh, g

Potential for numerous innovative designs


Positive ImpactspReduce health care costsBetter productivity for usersBetter productivity for usersImproved quality of lifeAffordableAffordableSustainableIn-country manufacturingy gPotentially large employerOpens up new markets within a developing countryMeasurable performanceM t f lfill d b i d


Meets an unfulfilled basic need

The Bangladesh Experienceg pBangladesh is a case study where the experiences learned in introduction of the experiences learned in introduction of the BioSand Filter™ can be considered as being applicable in other developing g pp p gcountries.PFWI has a manufacturing operation in Bangladesh and has sold 35,000 water filter units.PFWI h b bl t k t th d t

PFWI has substantial experience i d t ti th tilit f BSF PFWI has been able to market the product

to all income levels in rural and urban Bangladesh

in demonstrating the utility of BSF technology.


Bangladesh.

BSF Market ResearchBasic market research conducted by PFWI in Bangladesh indicatedan important conclusion related to priority of drinking water concerns:p p y g

Safety – most important – this relates to cholera, diarrhea, arsenicQuality important this relates to taste and colourQuality – important – this relates to taste and colourPrice – less importantConvenience – less importantCo e e ce ess po ta tRepresentations – not importantPFWI research is consistent with published information which indicates

i i l tt f t i th t i t t l i as a municipal matter safe water is the most important general issue, especially for the poor in Dhaka, Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai.


Business Opportunity – The I l t ti Ch kli tImplementation ChecklistSale of water treatment products is dependent upon end user’sSale of water treatment products is dependent upon end user sassurance of safety:

Strong brand recognition is importantStrong brand recognition is importantEffective and extensive sales and distribution systemProper training and ongoing education of field personnelTechnical supportTechnical supportNecessary quality control assurancePotential for after sales serviceO i d t l tiOngoing product evaluationStrong human resources emphasisIn keeping with corporate social responsibility initiatives


Business Opportunity: Risk/Reward Analysis

Strong corporate image in the global marketplace will generate sales by positively reinforcing consumers’ desire for water safety.O t it f ll b ti ith NGO’ b idi d t d Opportunity for collaboration with NGO’s by providing product and technical support.Quality assurance is facilitated by the simplicity of the systemQuality assurance is facilitated by the simplicity of the system


Technology: Dr. David ManzgyDave is an internationally recognized water and wastewater gtreatment engineer.

Dave has extensive experience in pthe transfer of this technology into developing world society including the BSF Bangladesh project.

Dave is the inventor and developer of the BioSand Filter TM

technology He has facilitated its technology. He has facilitated its implementation worldwide.

Dave, pictured here in 2006 while demonstrating arsenic removal technology in


a village in rural Bangladesh.

Business Admin: Fred RichardsFred’s academic background is in economics and business administration.Fred has been involved in project work in Canada including real estate in Canada including real estate development and related businesses.He has been involved in Bangladesh since 1994 in the development of a number of commercial initiatives including realization of the water purification manufacturing facility and product sales.Fred, pictured here at head of table with his

wife Heesung and the Bangladesh BSF


project team.

Pure Filtered Water International Ltd.2525 Macleod Trail SW2525 Macleod Trail SW

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

T2G 5J4T2G 5J4

Ph.(403) 269‐1555 / fax. (403) 264‐6244

E‐mail: [email protected]


Documents

The BioSand Filter for Households in Developing Countriesin