Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The BEST thing we can do for NOW: INCREASE ENERGY
EFFICIENCY!!
• Watts of electricity used:60 w 13-15 w
• KW of electricity used per year: 110 kW/yr 25.5 kW/yr
• CO2 emissions (lbs/yr)
150 lbs 35 lbs
Replace one incandescent lightbulb with a CFL and you will save this
500 lb pile of coal…
• If we converted half of all light-bulbs to CFL’s, we would reduce CO2 from lighting by 42.4 million tons a year, or 36%!–National Geographic
• The Missing Power Plant: Instead of building a new 730-megawatt facility; an Austin, Texas, electric utility reduced demand by the same amount through rebates on energy-saving appliances and other programs. "Go into any store in Austin, and you can't buy an inefficient air conditioner," says general manager Roger Duncan. "They just stopped stocking them.“ – National Geographic
• If we turned off home computers when not in use, we would cut their CO2 impact by 8.3 million tons a year, or 50%!–National Geographic
• If we improved our cars’ gas mileage by 5 miles per gallon, we could cut their emissions by 239 million tons each year, a 20% decrease!–National Geographic
RENEWABLE ENERGY!
1. Can be burned/used directly for heating
2. Can be used indirectly by using the heat to produce steam to turn the turbine…
3. Biogas digesters produce methane
Aka: anaerobic digester
• Anaerobic bacteria “eat” (decompose) organic waste:
• Review: Anaerobic Cell Resp. (Fermentation)!!!!a. Animal manureb. Leftover food wastec. Sewage sludged. Crops such as silagee. Landfill waste!
• BioFuel
• Process?? FERMENTATION!!
4. Methanol
5. Ethanol–LOW net energy, if not LOST???
• Biodiesel:
– H H H H H\ / | \ /C-----------C-----------C| | |O O O\ \ \C=O C=O C=O| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H| | |H H H
• It’s a hydrocarbon….
Cogeneration
6. Using two useful sources of energy from the same source.
7. Also called Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
8. Electricity AND Heat
9. Up to 90% efficient!!
• A leak in the steam being carried under the streets of Manhattan – the steam heats, cools, or supplies power to high-rise building in Manhattan.
10.World’s fastest growing
Energy source
11. high construction costs
Tidal Energy
Wave Energy
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
• Water is split through electrolysis = H2 and 02 gas
How it works:
– In the fuel cell, the H2 is split into 2 H+ ions (protons) and two e-
(electrons)–The electrons flow through the cell
(electron flow!!)–Everything comes together again
= water
• Passive solar energy:– Heating:
12. Windows with southern exposure (North. Hem.)
13. Thermal Mass: stone, concrete, adobe, brick
14. South. Hem.: north facing windows
• Active15. Water
Heating
16. Solar floor heating (radiant floor heating)
• Solar energy used to produce electricity17. Photovoltaic Cells (PV Cells)
• Silicon semi-conductor “doped” with phosphorus and boron: paper-thin
• Sunlight energizes electrons creating an electric current
• No moving parts, no pollution, little maintainance
• Solar energy on a bigger scale:– Solar thermal systems
18. Heliostats: move with the sun’s rays, aimed at a powertower
19. Power Tower: central receiving unit
20. Sunlight collected and focused and can heat:
21. Air
22. Oil
23. Water
Where is it most suitable?
Old system: Centralized Power (Macropower)
New System: Decentralized Power (micropower)
Government:• Keep energy prices low to encourage use
24. Subsidies
25. Tax breaks
26. Regulations
• Keep energy prices high to discourage use
27. Withdraw tax breaks/subsidies
28. Regulations
29. Tax the use of that energy source
