! i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i i n i i t i i H i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i u i i i u i i i i i i i ( i i i u i i i M i i n i i i i i u i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i u t i i t t i i i i i i i u i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i r : i i i u i i i i i i i i i i i i i i H i i i i i i n i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i n i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 4 i i i i i i i i i i n i i i i i i i i i i i i i i t i i M i i i i u i i i i i i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i i t i i n i

THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

Vol. 28 - No. 37 Monday, October 19, 1964 Price 10c

Washington Admits Arming Racist Congo Mercenaries

By D ick Roberts

The Johnson a d m in is tra tio n has open ly adm itted th a t i t is a rm ing w h ite m ercenary troops in the Congo and f ly in g them in to b a t­t le against in su rg en t A frica n s there. The adm ission was con­ta ined in a S ta te-D epartm cnt in ­sp ired s to ry fron t-paged b y the New Y o rk T imes.

The s to ry ’s obvious purpose was to persuade U.S. p u b lic op in ion of tw o po in ts : 1) Tshom be’s reg im e has passed the cris is and is now d e fe a tin g . the Congolese rebels; and 2) Tshom be’s use o f w h ite m ercenary troops against h is own people is ju s tifie d .

The Oct. 5 s to ry was in a fo rm o ften used by the State D epa rt­m en t w hen i t w ishes to g ive c u r­rency to ce rta in v iew s b u t dares no t o r p re fe rs n o t to have specific governm ent o ff ic ia ls id e n tifie d as s ta tin g those views. Thus Tad Szulc, the Tim es W ash ing ton cor­respondent to w hom the s to ry was given, does no t nam e the adm in is ­tra t io n spokesman o r spokesmen b u t re fe rs to “ o ff ic ia ls ,” “ W ash­in g to n ’s assessment,” “ the v ie w here,” etc. F rom the prom inence g iven the s to ry b y the Tim es and fro m the a u th o r ita tiv e tone o f the statem ents quoted, the spokesman m ay w e ll have been Secretary of S tate Rusk.

The a rtic le says: “ The adm in is ­tra t io n has been re fus ing pu b lic com m ent on its v iew s on the use o f w h ite m ercenaries in the Con­go because o f the c r it ic is m th is has provoked elsewhere in A fr ic a . H ow ever, o ff ic ia ls have said p r i­v a te ly th a t since no A fr ic a n gov­e rnm en t was w il l in g to meet P re­m ie r Tshom be’s appeals fo r troops to f ig h t the rebels, the Congolese governm ent has no choice b u t to use the m ercenaries.”

In o the r w ords, i t isn ’t ju s t th a t Tshom be can’t get the Congolese people to suppo rt h is repressive w a r — he can’t get support fro m any b lack A frican s . Tshom be’s a rm y has been rec ru ite d fro m ex- Nazis, South A fr ic a n w h ite - suprem acists, fo rm e r F rench Le ­gionna ires and Cuban coun te r­revo lu tiona ries .

La s t w eek the independent A f r i ­can na tions ’ unan im ous condem na­tio n o f Tshom be and his U.S. back-

Behind the GM Strike — Life on an A uto Assembly Line

— See page 5 —

ers was d ram atized by the re fusa l o f the conference o f non-aligned nations, m ee ting in Ca iro, even to a llo w h im to a ttend despite his f ly in g to Egypt. So instead o f ad­dressing the conference, the U.S.- B e lg ian puppet had to spend his th ree days the re unde r v ir tu a l house arrest.

The U.S. has been supp ly ing Tshom be w ith the la test weapons fo r coun te r-g ue rrilla w a rfa re , in ­c lu d in g T-28 planes w h ich have been declared the m ost e ffec tive in th a t k in d o f f ig h t in g in Laos and V ie tnam . B u t support has no t been lim ite d to do lla rs and wea­pons. A U.S. pa ra troop con tingen t and a g roup o f a rm y counter­g u e rr il la specia lis t are also in the Congo.

Despite State D epartm ent b a lly ­hoo about the success o f Tshom ­be’s forces, vast reaches o f the Congo, in c lu d in g the c ity o f S tan­le y v ille , are in the hands o f rebels adhe ring to the aim s o f the m a r­ty re d a n ti- im p e ria lis t Congolese p rem ie r, P a trice Lum um ba.

So i t is c lea r th a t the State D e pa rtm e n t’s a im in p la n tin g the Tim es s to ry w asn’t m e re ly to ac­know ledge present U.S. in te rv e n ­t io n in the Congo b u t to “ p repa re” the p u b lic fo r stepped-up aid to Tshom be’s forces.

A com p lica tion fo r W ashington is th a t m il ita n t A fro -A m erican s in the U.S. fee l a s trong sense o f s o lid a r ity w ith the L u m u m b is t rebels. Increased U.S. in te rv e n tio n w o u ld in e v ita b ly b r in g Negro G Is in to com bat w ith th e ir A fr ic a n b ro thers, thus posing fo r the Pen­tagon the question o f re in s titu t in g li ly -w h ite m il i ta ry u n its fo r serv­ice there.

The Johnson a d m in is tra tio n u n ­d o ub te d ly pre fe rs to w a it u n t il a fte r the e lections before m ak ing any la rge ad d itiona l m il i ta ry com­m itm en ts in the Congo. B u t should the pro tection o f the huge new U.S. investm ents the re req u ire it , John­son, w ith b i-pa rtisan support, w i l l no t hesitate to th ro w la rge num ­bers o f U.S. troops in to th is la test d ir ty w a r.

Both Major Parties Waging Racist Campaigns in South

By H erm an ChaukaI t has been revealed th a t bo th

m a jo r parties are c irc u la tin g each o th e r’s lite ra tu re in the South in a m aneuver to w in the rac is t vote. T he Dem ocrats are busy d is tr ib u t­ing copies o f a litt le -k n o w n Re­pub lican fo ld e r w h ich quotes B a r­ry G o ld w a te r in fa v o r o f in te g ra ­tion . F if ty thousand copies are being handed out by V irg in ia Dem ocrats alone.

The R epublicans have responded to th is tac tic by rep roduc ing and c irc u la tin g in the South a Democ­ra tic brochu re in tended fo r the N o rth w h ich shows Johnson pos­in g w ith M a rt in L u th e r K in g and o the r Negro leaders. A Republican spokesman said d is tr ib u tio n o f copies o f th is D em ocra tic fo ld e r was expected to o ffse t the “ nega­t iv e im p a c t” o f the D em ocra tic ex­p lo ita tio n in the South o f the

f n o io uy i-.ee f o ie s t

P E T T Y P O L IC E H A R A S S M E N T . Cop gives summons to N at Weinstein, New Y ork Organizer of Socialist W orkers P arty , at Greenwich V illage ra lly for D eBerry, Shaw and Garza. Cop as­serted the ra lly was supposed to end at 10 p.m. and had gone on u ntil 10:15. When Weinstein explained the perm it was good until 10:30 p.m., the cop— who may need rem edial reading course— of­fered proof of his contention that the meeting was supposed to end at 10. H e pointed to the “$10” w ritten on receipt fo r perm it. Scenes of ra lly were televised by CBS for fu ture showing.

Donkey and Elephant Make Like Lambs

Johnson and Goldwater Decide It Pays To Pay Lip Service to Peace Sentiment

Patrice Lum um ba

By W illia m BundyOCT. 13 — T a lk in g ou t o f both

sides o f th e ir m ouths is an old s to ry fo r R epub lican and Dem o­c ra tic p re s id en tia l candidates, b u t in the c u rre n t cam paign th is de­magogic a r t has reached a new h igh rega rd ing the question o f w a r and peace.

B o th Johnson and G o ldw a te r have, o f course, dem onstra ted su f­f ic ie n t w a r lik e s p ir it to sa tis fy the im p e ria lis ts whose in te rests they represent — G o ld w a te r by h is m any jin g o is tic statements, John­son by h is bom bing o f N o rth V ie t­nam. B u t bo th are now engaged in a rem arkab le com petition to pass them selves o ff as men o f peace.

A t A va lon , C a lifo rn ia , on Aug. 26, G o ld w a te r said he tho ugh t “ ta lks w ith Red C h ina m ig h t be p ro fita b le ” to end the w a r in V ie t­nam. The A rizo na Senator also has repea ted ly proposed an end to

the d ra ft. D u r in g his whistle-stop to u r o f Ohio, he tu rned to teen­agers in h is audience and vow ed tha t i f he w ere elected, “ y o u ’l l never have to go to w a r as y o u r fa the rs had to .”

A repeated theme in Gold- w a te r ’s ta lks is the la b e lin g o f the U.S. in te rv e n tio n in South V ie t­nam as “ Johnson’s w a r,” o r “ Yo Y o ’s [G o ld w a te r’s pet nam e fo r Defense Secre tary M cN am ara ] resp o n s ib ility .” G o ld w a te r repeat­ed ly describes the in vo lve m en t o f U.S. troops in the shooting w a r in V ie tnam , tra c in g i t back to the e a rly days o f the K ennedy ad­m in is tra tio n w hen M cN am ara issued the o rd e r fo r U.S. troops to engage in w h a t the a rm y calls “ com bat-support” operations.

Speaking in Toledo Sept. 30, G o ld w a te r said M cN am ara got the U.S. in to the w a r in South V ie t­nam b y “ m is take ” w hen he “ w en t

G o ldw a te r statem ent.The G o ld w a te r fo ld e r be ing d is­

tr ib u te d in the South b y the Dem o­crats was prepared by the R epub­licans fo r c irc u la tio n in W ashing­ton, D.C., w h ich is p re d o m in a n tly Negro. In ad d itio n to the p ro -in ­teg ra tion statem ents by G old­w ater, i t includes a com p ila tio n o f Johnson’s long reco rd o f vo tin g and speaking against c iv il- r ig h ts le g is la tio n in the Senate. Thus the fo ld e r serves a doub le purpose fo r the Dem ocrats in the South. I t no t o n ly suggests th a t G o ld w a te r re a lly is pro-Negro b u t i t also re ­m inds the racists- o f Johnson’s long record o f service in th e ir be­ha lf.

The Oct. 9 N ew Y o rk T im es, w h ich revealed w h a t the tw o p a r­ties are do ing in the South, de­lic a te ly characterized the opera­tio n as moves “ to p rom ote p re ­ju d ic ia l sup po rt” fo r th e ir respec­t iv e candidates. I t is, to p u t i t a b it m ore b lu n tly , unadorned rac­ism.

Goldwater PamphletT h is was po in ted up by Sydney

S. K e lla m , Johnson’s cam paign m anager in V irg in ia . He expressed confidence th a t the 50,000 facs i­m iles o f the G o ld w a te r pam ph le t w h ich his organ iza tion was d is ­t r ib u t in g shou ld m ake “ serious in ­roads” in areas o f the state th a t are s trongho lds o f G o lw a te rite racism .

N o r can i t be argued th a t rac is t e x p lo ita tio n o f the G o ld w a te r s ta tem ent is the w o rk o f S outhern Dem ocrats alone. In o u r issue o f Oct. 5 we noted th a t D em ocra tic v ice -p res iden tia l asp ira n t H u b e rt H u m ph re y had used the G old­w a te r s ta tem ent in a Sept. 29 speech to a pro-segregation c row d in A tla n ta , Ga. H u m p h re y h y ­p o c r it ic a lly c la im ed he was p u t­t in g the s p o tlig h t on G o ld w a te r’s p ro -in te g ra tio n statem ents o n ly to show th a t the R epub lican can­d ida te ta lke d ou t o f bo th sides o f h is m outh . B u t the obvious fa c t is th a t i f the D em ocrats w ere us ing these statem ents o f G o ld w a te r ju s t to prove he’s tw o -faced the y w o u ld also c ircu la te the b rochu re th rou gh ou t the N o rth — no t ju s t

(Continued on Page 3)

the re and to ld these boys to s ta rt shooting w hen we w ere o n ly sup­posed to be in s tru c tin g .”

G o ld w a te r’s la test g im m ick was to evoke m em ories o f the end ing o f the K orean W ar by issu ing an Oct. 5 s ta tem ent p ro m is in g tha t, i f elected, he w i l l ask ex-P resident E isenhow er to go to South V ie t­nam. E isenhow er’s prom ise d u rin g the 1952 p re s id en tia l cam paign to go to Korea was in te rp re te d as a prom ise to end the K orean W ar and w on h im m any votes.

As fo r Johnson, he has been p a in tin g h im se lf up as a guard ian o f peace b y de p ic ting G o ld w a te r as tr ig g e r happy and h im se lf as “ responsib le.” H e has tr ie d to m ake the con trast as great as pos­sib le by em phasiz ing his p o licy o f keeping exc lus ive pow e r to o rder the use o f tac tica l nuc lear weapons in the hands o f the president.

(Continued on Page 2)

SWP Candidates On TV and RadioC lifton D eB erry, Socialist

W orkers P arty candidate for President, w ill appear on the T V program, “Issues and A n ­swers,” on Sunday, Oct. 25, over the A BC television net­w ork. Check your local sta­tion for the tim e. D eB erry w ill also be on N B C ’s “To­day” show on Oct. 29, 7-9 a.m.

On Sunday, Oct. 25, at 12 noon, Lawrence Stew art, SW P candidate fo r U.S. Sen­ator from N ew Jersey, w ill be on T V channel 4 (N .Y .- N .J .) at 12 noon. Richard Garza, SW P candidate for U.S. Senator from N ew Y ork , w ill be on “Page One” on W A B C -T V , Sunday, Oct. 18, 2-2:30 p.m.

Y o u th fo r D e B e rry and Shaw groups on the East Coast are spon­soring a Conference fo r Independ­e n t P o lit ic a l A c tio n in N ew Y o rk O ct. 30 and 31. The f ir s t session, F r id a y n ig h t, Oct. 30, w i l l be a pane l on "T h e N egro G hetto and P o lit ic a l A c tio n .” P a rtic ip a n ts w i l l be S taughton L y n d , pro fessor at Y a le and d ire c to r o f the M issis­s ip p i F reedom Schools; Joanne G ra n t o f the N a tio n a l G ua rd ia n ; L a w re nce S tew art, S oc ia lis t W o rk ­ers P a rty cand idate fo r U.S. Sen­a to r fro m N ew Jersey; a represen­ta tiv e o f the M u s lin M osque, Inc .; R o be rt V e rnon o f The M il ita n t ; Jesse G rey, N ew Y o rk ren t-s tr ike leader; a rep resen ta tive o f the Stu- d e n t N o n v io le n t C o o rd ina ting C om m ittee ; and S la te r K in g , m il i ­ta n t leader o f the A lb a n y M ove­m ent.

3 -W ay DebateT he n e x t day, S a tu rday, w i l l be­

g in w ith a debate between Y o u th fo r Johnson, Y o u th fo r G o ldw a te r, and Y o u th fo r D e B e rry and Shaw. Representatives fro m the th ree y o u th groups w i l l debate the ques­t io n o f U.S. po licy in V ie tnam .

A fte r - lu n c h , F a rre ll Dobbs, N a­tio n a l Secre tary o f the Socia lis t W orke rs P a rty , w i l l g ive a so­c ia lis t analysis o f “ G o ldw a te rism __W h a t I t Is and H o w to F ig h t I t . ”

Dobbs w i l l be fo llo w e d b y James Shabazz, aide to M a lco lm

X o f the M u s lim Mosque, Inc., w ho w i l l speak on “ T w e n tie th C e n tu ry Slaves,” an analysis o f the cond itions o f the A m erican Negro and an h is to r ica l su rvey o f how these cond itions developed.

S a tu rday ’s a c tiv itie s w i l l be topped o f f w ith a r a l ly fo r C lif to n D e B e rry and E dw ard Shaw, So­c ia lis t W orke rs P a r ty candidates. Speakers a t the r a l ly w i l l be De­B e rry , the f ir s t Negro nom inated fo r P resident by a p o lit ic a l p a rty ; Shaw, SW P V ice -P res iden tia l can­d ida te ; M ilto n H e n ry , F reedom N o w P a rty candidate in M ich iga n fo r Congress; James Shabazz; S la te r K in g ; econom ist D r. O tto N a than ; R icha rd Garza, SW P can­d ida te fo r U.S. Senator fro m N ew Y o rk ; Sharon K rebs, s tudent w ho defied ban on Cuba tra v e l th is sum m er; and P ete r Camejo, N a tion a l Secre tary o f the Y oung S oc ia lis t A llian ce .

To H ear SheppardThe one session on S unday w i l l

hear a ta lk b y B a rry Sheppard, na tio n a l cha irm an o f the Y S A , on “ H o w T h is G enera tion W il l Change Society.”

The F r id a y and S a tu rday ses­sions w i l l be he ld a t the Wood- stock H ote l, 127 W . 43rd St. (be­tw een 7th and 6th A ves .), N ew Y o rk .

F o r fu r th e r in fo rm a tio n , w r ite to Y o u th fo r D e B e rry and Shaw, P.O. B ox 205, N ew Y o rk 3, N . Y., o r phone Y U 9-7570, H ousing is be­in g arranged fo r ou t-o f-tow n pa r­tic ipan ts .

M ilton H enry

A a ro n H e n ry •

AD RATES The rate for advertising in this col­

umn is 40 cents a line. Display ads are $2 a column inch. There is a ten per cent discount for regular advertisers. Advertising must reach us by the M o n ­day prior to the date of publication.

•BEREKELEY

Steve Roberts, Socialist Workers can­didate for U.S. Senate, speaks on The Triple Revolution, Fri.. Oct. 23, 8 p.m. Stiles Hall, Bancroft and Dana. Ausp. Young Socialist Alliance.

•BOSTON

A SOCIALIST ANALYSIS O F G O LD ­WATER. Speaker, Tom Leonard, writer for The M ilitant Fri., O ct. 23 8 p.m. 295 Huntington Ave., rm. 307. (I block from Mass. Ave.) Contrib. 50c Ausp. M ilitant Labor Forum.

•C H IC A G O

EDWARD S H AW , Vice-Presidential candidate of the SWP, speaks on Why a Vote for Johnson or Goldwater Is a Vote for W ar. THURSDAY, Oct. 22, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 302 S. Canal St. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum.

•CLEVELAND

CLIFTO N DeBERRY speaks on The Bi-Partisan Fraud on Civil Rights. Sun­day, Oct. 25, 7:30 p.m. Debs Hall, 5927 Euclid Ave. Ausp. Cleveland M ili­tant Forum.

•DETROIT

Midwest Rally for Independent Polit­ical Action. Hear CLIFTON DeBERRY, JAMES SHABAZZ, REV. ALBERT CLEAGE, EDWARD S H AW and BARRY SHEPPARD. Central Congregational Church at Linwood and Hogarth. Satur­day, Oct. 24 at 7:30 p.m.

•LOS ANGELES

THE M YTH O F AM ER IC A N LIBERAL- ISM. Speaker, Jack Barnes, National Organizer of the Young Socialist A l­liance. Fri., Oct. 23, 8:30 p.m. 1702 E. 4th St. Ausp. M ilitant Labor Forum.

•M INNEAPO LIS

CLIFTON DeBERRY. SWP candidate for President speaks on The Bi-Partisan Fraud on Civil Rights. W ed., O ct. 21, 8:30 p.m. 704 Hennepin, Hall 240. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum.

•NEW YORK

Symposium: C A N U.S. POLICY SUC­CEED IN VIETNAM? Panelists: Helen Lamb, author of The Tragedy of Viet­nam; Robert Schwartz, national board member of SANE and ADA; Richard Garza, Socialist Workers Party candidate for U.S. Senator. Fri., Oct. 23, 8:30 p.m. Contrib. $1. Ausp Militant Labor Forum.

Weekly Calendar

. Peace Issue(Continued fro m Page 1)

Johnson has also announced th a t a s tudy on the fe a s ib ility o f end­in g the d ra ft is under way. H is la test b id fo r peace votes was his announcem ent Sept. 30 tha t, i f re ­elected, he w o u ld go to Europe n e x t yea r and meet w ith K h ru s h ­chev, and th a t he hopes the elec­tio n w i l l g ive h im a c lear m andate fo r such a sum m it ta lk .

The fac t th a t the peace issue has seeped in to the cam paign — even in the fo rm o f these c a re fu lly am ­biguous statem ents is s ig n ifica n t. B o th Johnson and G o ld w a te r ap­peal to the flag -w a v ing jingo ism o f the cold w a r; bo th are com ­m itte d to the huge arm s budget; n e ith e r has said a w o rd about w ith d ra w in g U.S. troops fro m V ie tnam . Nonetheless bo th have had to recognize th a t the re is a deep-seated an ti-w a r mood in th is co u n try ; a sen tim en t against in ­vo lvem en t in the V ie tn am c iv i l w a r and against con tinu a tio n o f the cold w a r w ith the ever-present th re a t o f nuclear escalation.

B o th ca p ita lis t candidates are dem agogica lly appealing fo r the votes o f the m illio n s o f people in th is c o u n try w ho have such fee l­ings.

Mississippi 'Freedom Vote' Drive

Freedom Democrats Run 5 CandidatesBy Fred Halstead

OCT. 13 — M iss iss ipp i’s F ree­dom D em ocratic P a rty is ru n n in g fo u r candidates fo r the U.S. House o f Representatives and one fo r the U.S. Senate against the reg u la r D em ocra tic P a rty candidates. The FD P tr ie d to have its f iv e nom ­inees lis ted on the M iss iss ipp i b a llo t as independents b u t rac is t state o ff ic ia ls refused.

H ow ever, the Conference of Federated O rgan iza tions — a coa litio n o f c iv il- r ig h ts forces — is ho ld ing a F reedom Vote open to a ll a d u lt c itizens w h e the r o r no t they have been able to get past M iss iss ipp i’s d is c r im in a to ry vo te r-reg is tra tion procedures. The Freedom V ote w i l l use a b a llo t lis tin g the FD P candidates as w e ll as those o f the D em ocra tic and R epublican parties.

The FD P candidates are D r; A a ro n H e n ry fo r Senator, M r. H a ro ld R oby fo r congress in the F irs t D is tr ic t, M rs. Fann ie Lo u H am m er in the Second D is tr ic t, M rs. A n n ie D ev ine in the F o u rth D is tr ic t and M rs. V ic to r ia G ray in the F if th D is tr ic t.

N in e ty -fo u r pe r cent o f M issis­s ip p i’s e lig ib le Negroes are s t i l l no t reg istered — due to te rro r and d is c r im in a tio n in vo te r-re g is tra tion procedures. The F D P hopes to p o ll m ore votes fo r its candidates in the Freedom V ote tha n are cast in the re g u la r e lection. T h is w o u ld show, n o t on ly th a t M iss iss ipp i’s Negroes w o u ld vote, i f a llow ed to, b u t th a t the outcom e o f elections w o u ld be ra d ic a lly d iffe re n t.

Move to UnseatIn Janua ry , the F D P w i l l at­

tem p t to have the M iss iss ipp i Con­gressmen unseated on the grounds th a t they w ere chosen th rou gh a d is c r im in a to ry v o tin g procedure. The FD P w i l l a ttem p t to show th rou gh the Freedom V ote th a t at least some o f the re g u la r cand i­dates w o u ld no t have been elected i f Negroes cou ld vote. I f the w h ite - suprem acist Congressmen are seat­ed nonetheless, the F D P w i l l ask the D em ocra tic congressional cau­cus to d is regard th e ir sen io rity . (S e n io r ity gives the D ix ie c ra t con­gressmen so m any key com m ittee posts.) Thus, even a fte r the elec­tions, na tio n a l a tte n tio n w i l l be focused on the f ig h t o f M iss iss ipp i Negroes fo r the vote.

These bo ld e ffo rts to w in a p o l­it ic a l voice fo r citizens o f M issis­s ipp i w ho are opposed to the rac is t D em ocra tic P a rty reg im e there stand in con trast to the FD P an­nouncem ent o f suppo rt to the Johnson-H um phrey ticke t.

The F D P recen tly released a re ­p o rt on its f ig h t last A ug us t to be seated a t the D em ocra tic P a rty conven tion in A t la n t ic C ity . The re p o rt declares: “ W ith in the C re­den tia ls C om m ittee there was su f­f ic ie n t support to get the F D P ’s demands on the f lo o r o f the con­ven tion , th ro u g h the sign ing o f a m in o r ity rep o rt. On the flo o r, the re was s u ffic ie n t suppo rt to force a ro l l-c a ll vote. Once a ro l l c a ll was a llow ed, m ost observers agreed th a t the FD P w o u ld have been seated.

“ W ha t preven ted th is was the m ost m assive pressure fro m the W h ite House, th rou gh the m ed ia­tion o f H u b e rt H u m phrey . The FD P delegation was aw are o f a ll th is , and i t the re fo re kn e w th a t the leadersh ip o f the p a r ty and the conven tion was deny ing i t w h a t, in fac t, i t had — the po pu la r support to w in . T h is k in d o f d ic ta tio n is w h a t Negroes in M iss iss ipp i face and have a lw ays faced, and i t is p rec ise ly th is th a t the y are le a rn ­in g to stand up against.”

The re p o rt states th a t in spite o f th is , the FD P is endorsing John­son -H um phrey because “ i t be­lieves, despite A t la n t ic C ity , in the u ltim a te a b il i ty o f the D em ocratic P a rty to m eet the cha llenge o f the FD P and e lim in a te rac ism fro m its ran ks .”

A c tu a lly , the re is no chance th a t the D em ocra tic P a rty w i l l do any such th in g . I t is p e rfe c tly w i l l in g

— indeed anxious — to accept sup­p o rt fro m representa tives o f m any o f the progressive forces in the cou n try , b u t o n ly in o rder to con­t ro l such forces and bend them to the w i l l o f the cap ita lis ts w ho re a lly co n tro l the pa rty .

The representa tives o f the la bo r m ovem ent, the c iv il- r ig h ts m ove­m ent, and o the r progressive forces w ith in the p a r ty are s im p ly trapped there, forced to kn u ck le un de r to the dicta tes o f the ru lin g c lique — ju s t as they knu ck le d unde r to the d ic ta te against the F D P a t the A ugust convention . T he D em ocra tic P a rty is no t a dem ocra tic o rgan iza tion and i t can never be one. I t is no t con tro lled by the votes o f the progressive forces trapped w ith in it , even though these forces make up a huge p a rt o f the p a r ty ’s support.

There are im p o rta n t d iffe rences between the Republicans and Dem ocrats, in c lu d in g the fa c t th a t each p a r ty appeals to d iffe re n t sectors o f the popu la tion . B u t both are con tro lled b y one o r ano the r section o f the bankers, in d u s tr ia l cap ita lis ts , real-estate sharks and co rpo ra tion fa rm e rs — N o rth e rn and S outhern — w ho p ro f i t fro m rac ism , im p e ria lism , and w a r prepara tions. I t is these cap ita lis ts w ho c a ll the tune fo r the D em ocra tic P a rty and there is no chance w h a teve r th a t con tro l o f the p a r ty can be w rested fro m th e ir hands.

T he key to social progress in the U.S. is p rec ise ly to b reak the

progressive forces aw ay fro m the D em ocra tic P a rty , to get them to launch a la bo r-N eg ro -fa rm er p a r­ty , o r coa litio n o f such parties, w h ic h w i l l be based on, and re ­sponsible to, the sections o f the po pu la tio n w ho have e v e ry th in g to ga in and n o th in g to lose fro m end ing racism , cold w a r, e xp lo ita ­tio n and im p e ria lism .

The f ig h t o f M iss iss ipp i Negroes fo r p o lit ic a l r ig h ts has the a tten­t io n and suppo rt o f a ll the p ro . gressive forces o f the cou n try . T h is f ig h t can be an im p o rta n t fa c to r in exposing the rea l na tu re o f the D em ocra tic P a rty and in lead ing and in s p ir in g those forces th rou gh ­ou t the c o u n try to take the road o f independent p o lit ic a l actions. A n d o n ly th a t road can lead to success fo r the M iss iss ipp i free ­dom figh te rs . A n y measures the M iss iss ipp i freedom fig h te rs take w h ic h tend to expose the ca p ita l­is t pa rties, w h ich organize the Ne­groes and poor w h ites to f ig h t in th e ir ow n in terests, w h ic h b u ild p o lit ic a l po w e r con tro lled by these forces — are to the good.

Seek to S ide track

B u t the re are m any elem ents — in c lu d in g some w ith in the c iv i l- r ig h ts m ovem ent — w ho are de­te rm in ed to s ide track the m ove­m en t in to the de m o c ra tic P a r ty w here i t cannot poss ib ly accom­p lish its aim s. Some o f these peo­p le m ay be p e rfe c tly sincere in th e ir be lie fs. B u t they are s im p ly no t p repared to go a ll the w a y in the f ig h t fo r eq u a lity , w hen th a t f ig h t clashes w ith the v ita l in te r ­ests o f the cap ita lis ts . T hey a re no t prepared to take the re vo lu ­tio n a ry steps req u ire d fo r v ic to ry .

Instead o f se lf-re liance , the y teach re liance on the “ good” cap­ita lis ts . (B u t even the m ost lib e ra l cap ita lis ts as a group, are incap­able o f lead ing o r even to le ra tin g a social re v o lu tio n w h ic h m ust v io la te th e ir ow n m a te ria l in te r­ests.) Instead o f independent p o l­i t ic a l action, these people can a l­ways f in d an excuse fo r channel­in g the m ovem ent in to the Demo­cra tic P a rty “ th is t im e .” These people are w o rk in g lik e beavers, spread ing illu s ion s abou t the D em ocra tic P a rty . A n d th is is a great disservice to the f ig h t fo r Freedom N ow . Because, i t is o n ly as these illu s ion s are overcom e, and as the m ovem ent bu ild s po l­it ic a l pow er con tro lled exc lu s ive ly by the exp lo ited and oppressed, th a t p o lit ic a l progress can be made.

NEW YORK NEW YORK

The Presidential Elections . . . and Beyond

A NATIONAL GUARDIAN SYMPOSIUM

Wednesday, October 28 8:15 P.M.Henry Hudson H otel Ballroom

57th Street and 9th Avenue Admission: $1

The editors of eight publications will exchange views and answer questions on the meaning of the vote for Johnson, for Goldwater . . . and for the future of America. Participants: James Aronson, editor of THE N A TIO N A L G U A R D IA N ; M.S. Arnoni, M IN O R ITY O F ONE; David Dellinger, LIBERA­T IO N ; James M. Jackson, THE W ORKER; Fred Jerome, CHALLENGE; George Lavan, THE M ILITANT; Dan W atts, LIBERATOR; James Weinstein, STUDIES O N THE LEFT. Moderator; Rus3 Nixon, general manager, N A T IO N ­AL G U A R D IA N . Use this coupon to order tickets for yourself, your friends, your organization.

Please send me ................. tickets for the N A TIO N A L G U A R D IA N

SYMPOSIUM (a) $1 each. I enclose $ ..............

Name ............................................................................... .

Address

State .... Z IP

..City

Tel. .

Noted Civil-Rights Leaders to Address

N.Y. Student Parley and DeBerry Rally

Monday, October 19, 1964 TH E M IL IT A N T Page Three

C lif to n D eB erry , SW P cand i­da te fo r P resident, has sw ung in to th e W est Coast leg o f h is na tio n a l speaking to u r, w h ile E dw ard Shaw, the v ice -p res iden tia l nom ­inee has m oved in to the M idw est.

“ To he lp solve the p o ve rty and unem p loym e n t p rob lem , Shaw u rged adop tion o f a 30-hour w o rk w eek w ith o u t wage reductions, in ­creased unem p loym en t compensa­t io n paym ents and the extension o f such paym ents to in c lud e a ll people lo ok in g unsuccessfu lly fo r w o rk ,” said the Oct. 10 Racine Jo u rn a l T im es, re p o rtin g an in te r­v ie w w ith Shaw. Shaw was in Racine b r ie f ly , on h is w a y to speak in M ilw au kee . He was com ­in g fro m M inneapo lis , and had e a r lie r spoken to ,an enthusiastic audience a t the U n iv e rs ity of W isconsin in M adison.

Shaw blasted the “ lesser-ev il” ra tio n a liz a tio n o f suppo rt to John­son at a m eeting sponsored by the M il i ta n t L a b o r F o ru m in M in ­neapolis. He attacked the w a r p ro ­gram s o f bo th Johnson and Gold- w a te r, and urged people to jo in his cam paign and the socia lis t m ove­m ent, especia lly young people, be­cause “ they are the hope o f the fu tu re .”

College Talks

W h ile in the T w in C ities area, Shaw spoke to students a t Carle- to n College, H a m lin e U n iv e rs ity , and the U n iv e rs ity o f M innesota. E ve re tt Luom a, SW P candidate fo r U.S. Senator fro m M innesota, spoke to a group o f students at M aca laste r College in St. P au l w h ile Shaw was a t the U o f M .

D e B e rry began h is W est Coast to u r in Seattle, w here he ad­dressed a ra l ly o f the Freedom So­c ia lis t P a rty . In the state o f W ash­ing ton , D e B e rry and Shaw are lis te d on the b a llo t unde r the de­s ig na tion o f the Freedom Socia lis t P a rty , w h ic h has also nom inated W aym on W are, an independent socia list, fo r congressman fro m the sta te ’s seventh d is tr ic t.

W aym on W are is a self-em- p loyed carpen te r w ho has been active in the c iv il- r ig h ts m ove­m en t m ost o f his life . T h is is h is f i r s t cam paign as a p o lit ic a l can­d ida te . In 1958, he was active in a successful cam paign to defeat the so-ca lled R ig h t- to -W o rk re ­fe rendum . The N egro com m u n ity voted o ve rw h e lm in g ly against the a n t i- la b o r measure. W are po in ted o u t how a sm all m in o r ity o f S ou thern racists, i l le g a lly elected, dom inate Congressional C o m m it­tees. “ The d; '.n ination o f the U.S. b y th is m in o r ity o f an ti- la bo r rac­ists w o u ld be im possib le w ith o u t the acceptance and approva l of N o rth e rn congressmen, and w ith ­ou t the a u th o r ity p rov ided them b y the D em ocra tic P a rty in the N o rth .”

W are is C ha irm an o f the Seattle Negro Im p rove m en t Association.

B e fo re a r r iv in g in Seattle, De­B e rry spent tw o days in Denver. F ive ra d io and th ree T V stations ca rried extensive in te rv ie w s w ith D e B erry , as d id the Rocky M oun­ta in News and the D enver Post.

W aym on W are

C lif to n D e B e r ry

A t the U n iv e rs ity o f Colorado at B ou lder, 150 students tu rn e d 'o u t fo r D eB erry . The m eeting was sponsored by the Associated S tu ­dents o f the U n iv e rs ity o f Colo­rado. He also spoke to a m eeting at the M il ita n t La b o r F o rum w h ic h inc luded a group o f h ig h - school students, and a t a S tudent Y M -Y W C A m eeting a t the U n iv e r­s ity o f D enver.

D e B e rry w i l l come back in to the M id w es t a fte r f in is h in g the W est Coast leg o f h is tou r, b u t on his w a y west he stopped ove r in Chicago fo r some h ig h ly success­fu l cam paign ing. O ver 800 students heard h im in a w h ir lw in d series o f m eetings in the W in d y C ity .

ApplauseA t S h im er College, 180 came to

D e B e rry ’s m ee ting sponsored by the school’s P o lit ic a l C lub, and in ­te rru p te d h im several tim es w ith applause. A campus S tudents fo r D e B e rry and Shaw has been o r­ganized there, b u t is no t ye t rec­ognized by the college a d m in is tra ­tion . App lause also in te rru p te d D e B e rry a t h is m eeting w ith 250 students a t N o rth e rn I ll in o is U n i­ve rs ity . M ost o f the audience sup­ported the Negro candidate against some rig h t-w in ge rs present. One r ig h t-w in g questioner was laughed dow n by the students.

A n o th e r successful m eeting took place a t L u th e r H ig h N o rth — be­tw een 150 and 175 h igh school s tu ­dents the re tu rned ou t fo r De­B e rry ’s ta lk . He also spoke a t E lm h u rs t College, W rig h t J r. Col­lege, Roosevelt U n iv e rs ity , and the U n iv e rs ity of Chicago.

Youth CampaigningJoe l Pederson o f the Chicago

Y o u th fo r D e B e rry and Shaw spoke on be ha lf o f the socia list candidates to 110 students at T h o rn rid g e H ig h School w h ile De B e rry was in tow n.

C hicago’s tw o Negro newspapers bo th gave coverage to D e B e rry ’s cam paign. The Chicago C ourie r ca rried an a rtic le e n title d “ Negro P res ide n tia l C andidate F o r A rm in g Negroes in South,” and the De­fen de r had tw o a rtic les on De­B e rry ’s v is it.

A t the F r id a y N ig h t S oc ia lis t F orum , D e B e rry po in ted ou t th a t in 1960, la b o r leaders opposed the no m in a tion o f Johnson because of h is an ti- la bo r record. Negro lead­ers opposed his a n t i-c iv il r ig h ts record. Now , these same “ leaders” h a il Johnson as a fr ie n d o f la bo r and the Negro — he has been trans fo rm ed fro m a Texas reac­t io n a ry in to a “ lib e ra l.”

“ Regardless o f w ho is elected,” D e B e rry declared, “ G o ld w a te r o r Johnson, slum s w i l l con tinue to ex is t, p o ve rty w i l l con tinue to ex is t, unem p loym ent w i l l con tinue to ex is t, the th re a t o f w a r w i l l con tinue to ex is t.” B re a k in g w ith the R epublicans and Dem ocrats, ru n n in g independent p o lit ic a l can­didates, o rgan iz ing and b u ild in g independent p o lit ic a l parties, and educa ting the masses o f the people, he said, can set in to m o tio n the forces th a t w i l l e lim in a te these evils.

By Bernie StantonL e t us con tinue the s to ry o f the

lo y a l m em ber o f a c ra ft un io n w ho tr ie s to re c la im the o rgan iza tion to its o r ig in a l purpose o f de fend­in g and advancing the m em bers’ in te rests against the em ployers ra th e r than se rv ing as a p e tty k in gd om and source o f p r iv ile g e fo r the labo r bureaucrats.

A v e ry reve a ling episode took place the last tim e a con tract was signed between the un ion and the Association o f M aster P a in ters of N ew Y o rk . The agreem ent p ro ­v id ed fo r the in tro d u c tio n o f the ro l le r a p p lica to r and the “ m it t ” — tw o wage scales instead o f one.

O u r c r it ic took the f lo o r a t his loca l m eeting and spoke against the con trac t in sharp term s. He said th a t w h ile the ro lle r app lica­to r, o therw ise kn o w n as the “ b u ll­dozer,” w o u ld increase p roduc tion by 40-50 per cent, i t w o u ld k i l l those w ho used i t cons tan tly be­cause i t is a heavy and exhaust­in g too l. The “ m it t , ” w h ich is a g love -like con tra p tio n attached to the hand so the p a in te r can d ip i t in to the bucke t and ap p ly p a in t on places lik e s ta irw ays and f ire escapes, is another ob jectionab le and speed-production tool.

The d u a l wage scale, the c r it ic said, was a means o f d iv id in g the pa in te rs in to d iffe re n t classes of w o rk . The agreem ent, he con­cluded, was the w o rs t in the his-

N EW Y O R K — I t has been an­nounced here th a t an A llia n c e fo r Jobs o r Incom e N ow is in the process o f fo rm a tio n “ fo r self-edu­cation, action and u n ity o f the unem ployed and the insecu re ly em ployed, Negro and w h ite .”

The le tte r announcing the new organ iza tion states:

“ Vast changes are ta k in g place in in d u s try and technology. On the one hand they o ffe r the po ten­t ia l o f abundance and crea tive o p p o rtu n ity ; on the other, the y present the specter o f m illio n s o f people m arked ‘obsolete’ in an

...Racist Campaign(Continued from Page 1)

in S ou thern areas w here i t helps w in them rac is t support.

The re ve la tion th a t bo th parties are us ing such tactics to compete fo r the w h ite -suprem acist vote should come as no surp rise to those w ho have no t pe rm itte d awareness o f the u g ly gang around G o ld w a te r to b lin d them to the facts o f l i fe about the D em ocratic P a rty and its b igo ted Texas leader.

Lyn d o n Johnson’s deep-rooted an ti-N egro bias sp illed ou t m ost rece n tly in Reno, Nevada, on Oct. 12 w hen he exp la ined to Jack Dem psey w h y he m ixes w ith peo­ple in cam paign crowds.

“ I f the p res iden t gets ou t o f h is car,” Johnson said, “ and ta lks to a co lored boy in New Orleans, o r a w id o w w om an in K e n tu cky , o r a ba nke r in N ew E ng land, they fee l p re tty im p o rta n t.” W e doub t Johnson was re fe rr in g to a Negro teen-ager.

C om m enting on the tw o pa rties ’ pam ph le t-w a r in the South C lif to n D eB erry , S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty candidate fo r P resident, said: “ As a Negro, I recognized long ago th a t a vote fo r e ith e r m a jo r p a rty is a vote fo r racism . I f the p re ­sent b id fo r ‘backlash ’ votes by G o ld w a te r and Johnson does no­th in g else, I hope i t w i l l awaken m ore Negroes to the fac t th a t by v o tin g fo r e ith e r o f these tw o p a r­ties th e y ’re v o tin g fo r the pe r­pe tua tio n o f racism . I s trong ly urge a vo te fo r the Socia lis t W o rk ­ers P a rty t ic k e t as a means o f re p u d ia tin g the u g ly anti-N egro tactics be ing used b y the R epub­licans and Dem ocrats.”

to ry o f the pa in te rs ’ un ion and a sell-out.

The bu reaucra t in charge of the m ee ting a lm ost s p lit a gut. The veins o f h is neck stood ou t lik e cords. He used a ll the ep ithe ts in h is lim ite d vocabu la ry . Then his ch ie f lie u te n a n t took the flo o r: “ T h is m an is a troub le m aker, an outside ag ita to r, a d is rup te r, w ho comes in here w a n tin g to take over the un ion. W h a t’s w ro n g w ith the ro lle r? I f you w a n t to be a p a in te r, you gotta have m uscle. Besides, w e ’re los ing business to the non-union shops w ho are using the ro lle r .”

H is argum ents in fa v o r o f the new agreem ent pa ra lle led the bosses’ . The on ly th in g was th a t i f a boss had said the same th ings in a un ion h a ll he w o u ld have been th ro w n out.

D u r in g th is m eeting, the c h a ir­m an got so p a n icky because o f the shouting and tu m u lt in the h a ll th a t he dem anded th a t anyone op-

age w h ich p rov ides the techn ica l means to w ipe ou t massive sectors o f the populace. On the w o r ld scene the weapons o f the nuc lear age create a re la ted d ilem m a: i f w e do no t dem and and secure a la s tin g peace, w ith the huge eco­nom ic and social changes th is im ­plies, c iv iliz a tio n its e lf can be des­troyed . The w o r ld -w id e s tr iv in gs o f peoples and m in o r ity groups to free themselves fro m oppression m ake up a th ird g igan tic fo rce fo r change. These th ree areas, cy­be rna tion , w eaponry and hum an righ ts , a re m u tu a lly in te r lin k e d and in te ra c tin g . O n the dom estic scene, in th is e lection season, we see the h a n d w r it in g la rge upon the w a ll.

“ T h is is the u lt im a tu m o f our tim es: P lanned and shared abun­dance, b ro therhood and e q u a lity fo r a l l — o r destruction .

Unity

“ W e be lieve th a t u n ity among the unem ployed, organized and unorganized w o rk in g people, and the m em bers o f the oppressed m in o rit ie s is essentia l at th is tim e. Those o f us w ho are a ffected or threatened by the new techno l­og ica l forces m ust understand w h a t is happening, and d iscover o u r ro le in h e lp ing to b r in g about the changes necessary to hum an s u rv iv a l and fu lf i l lm e n t. A l l w ho fee l a concern in th is are w e l­comed as ourw allies. W e m ust stu­dy, teach, act and organize. I t is fo r th is purpose th a t the A llia n c e is be ing fo rm ed .”

The le tte r, signed by Frances W it l in and M a r jo ry C o llins, says th a t p lans inc lude forum s, a school and re la ted pro jects. A headquar­te rs has been secured at 17 W. 20th St., N ew Y o rk , and dona­tions o f fu rn ish ings , such as chairs, lam ps, desks, etc., are requested.

T he sponsors o f the A llia n c e are: D ona ld B . and E un ice A rm ­strong, A nn e and C a rl B raden, D a v id D e lling e r, Tod G it lin , James H aughton , H oney K nopp , I r v in g Laucks, D a v id L iv ing s ton , L inu s P a u lin g and B e rtra n d Russell.

D ona ld B. A rm s trong , G it lin , and Laucks w ere signers o f the T r ip le R evo lu tion docum ent; the Bradens are w e ll-kn o w n S outhern c iv il- r ig h ts figh te rs , D e llin g e r is an e d ito r o f L ib e ra tio n , the p a c if is t m agazine, L iv in g s to n is p res iden t o f D is tr ic t 65 RW DSU , A F L-C IO .

posed to the agreem ent step fo r ­w a rd — an obvious a tte m p t to in tim id a te the m em bers w ho w ere supposed to vote on the new con­tra c t b y secret ba llo t. The c r it ic tr ie d to m ake th is p o in t o f order. “ S it dow n ,” ordered the cha irm an . “ N o t t i l l you hear m y p o in t o f o rde r.” “ Y ou are fin e d $5,” de­c la red the cha irm an . “ M r. C h a ir­m an, I pro test th is f in e .” “ Y ou are f in e d again.”

The m eeting b roke up, b u t i t was n o t a l l over. The m em bers lin e d up to cast th e ir ba llo ts. Sud­denly, the business a g e n t-ch a ir- m an came up beh ind ou r c r it ic and w renched his u n io n book fro m h is hand. He strode to the desk o f the lo c a l’s secretary, saying, “ Take dow n a l l the in fo rm a tio n in th is m an ’s book. W e’l l take care o f h im .”

Such was and is the atm osphere created b y the bu reaucracy in the pa in te rs ’ un ion — an atm osphere o f tension, in tim id a tio n and fear.

The las t e lection in the un ion was a v ic to ry fo r the bu reaucracy b u t i t was too close fo r com fo rt. So one by one lead ing opposition­ists w ere suspended, some fo r three, some fo r f iv e years. The p re te x ts w ere f lim s y and the tr ia ls a m ockery. N o t even a ca p ita lis t co u rt w o u ld sw a llo w them .

The New Y o rk T im es o f A p r i l 19, 1963, fo r exam ple, repo rted the U.S. C ourt o f A ppea ls ’ unan im ous decision in the case o f Solom on S alzhand ler vs. D is tr ic t C ounc il 9, B ro therhood o f P a in te rs & Decora­tors, and Lo ca l 442 o f the B ro th e r­hood. The decision said in p a rt: “ Freedom o f expression w o u ld be s tif le d i f those in pow er cou ld c la im th a t any charges against them w ere libe lous and then p ro ­ceed to d isc ip lin e those responsib le on a f in d in g th a t the charges w ere false. T h a t is p rec ise ly w h a t W eb- m an and the t r ia l board d id here w hen the y punished S a lzhand ler w ith a f iv e yea r ban o f silence and s tripped h im o f h is o ffice .”

T h a t was a s ig n if ic a n t de feat fo r the bureaucracy and he lped stop the m ost f la g ra n t fo rm s o f v ic tim iz a tio n , b u t the bu rea ucra t is s t i l l in the saddle.

M U S T R E A D I N G

The Road To Revolution

In Latin America

BY FIDEL CASTRO

Complete text of major policy

speech delivered on tenth an­

niversary of the historic July 26

attack on Fort Moncada.

50 cents

P IO N E E R P U B L IS H E R S 116 U niversity Place N ew Y o rk 3, N . Y .

Committee for Jobs or Income To Sponsor Forums, Classes

View From a Painter's Ladder

To Bureaucrat a Critic Is a 'Disrupter'Good Meetings and Publicity For Touring SWP Nominees

Page Four TH E M IL IT A N T Monday, October 19, 1964

THE MILITANTE d ito r: J O S E P H H A N S E N

M a n a g in g E d ito r : G E O R G E L A V A N Business M a n a g e r: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P u b lish ed w e e k ly , e xc ep t d u r in g J u ly and A u g u st w h en p u b lish ed b i-w e e k ly , by T h e M il i ta n t P u b lis h in g Ass’n ., 11® U n iv e rs ity P I., N e w Y o rk 3, N .Y . P h one C H 3-2140. Second-class postage p a id a t N e w Y o rk , N .Y . S u b scrip tio n : $3 a ye a r; C a n ad ian , $3.50; fo re ig n , $4-50. S igned a rtic les b y c o n trib u to rs do n o t necessarily rep rese n t T h e M il i t a n t ’s v iew s . These are expressed in ed ito ria ls .

THE 2-PARTY SWAMP

V o l. 28 - N o . 37 345 M o n d a y , O c to b e r 19, 1964

NEW YORK NEW YORK

Rally for DeBerry and ShawHear the Candidates and

Slater King Milton Henry Sharon Krebs

James Shabazz Otto Nathan Richard Garza

Peter Camejo

Saturday, Oct. 31 8:30 p.m.

Grand Ballroom, Woodstock Hotel, New York 127 W. 43rd St., between 6th Ave. and B'way

Auspices: Youth for DeBerry and Shaw

Negro Leaders and Capitalist Politics

Well-Earned SupportF o r th e f i r s t t im e in h is to ry , th e c a p ita l is t p ress — d a i ly n e w s ­

p a pe rs an d la rg e -c ir c u la t io n m a g az ines — has d e se rte d th e R e ­p u b lic a n P a r ty en m asse in fa v o r o f th e D e m o c ra tic P re s id e n t ia l ca n d id a te . N o t o n ly h a v e th e in d e p e n d e n t n e w sp a p e rs l ik e th e N e w Y o r k T im e s com e o u t fo r Joh nso n , b u t r ig h t - w in g p u b lic a t io n s l ik e th e H e a rs t p a p e rs h a ve a lso jo in e d th e Joh nso n b a n d w a g o n .

In its O ct. 5 th issue, L i fe m ag a z in e a n no un ced its s u p p o r t o f Joh nso n . T h is w a s th e f i r s t t im e th a t a n y T im e , In c . p u b lic a t io n ( th e L u c e p u b lic a t io n s in c lu d in g T im e and F o r tu n e ) has ba cked a D e m o c ra tic P re s id e n t ia l t ic k e t .

T h e s ta id H e ra ld T r ib u n e w h ic h speaks fo r E a s te rn business b ro k e its 1 2 4 -y e a r-o ld t r a d i t io n in c o m in g o u t fo r Joh nso n — th e f i r s t D e m o c ra t i t has e v e r s u p p o rte d fo r P re s id e n t. T h e S a tu rd a y E v e n in g P ost b ro k e a s im i la r lo n g t r a d i t io n w h e n i t d e c la re d fo r J o h n s o n s e v e ra l w e e ks ago.

T r a d i t io n a l ly , an o v e rw h e lm in g ly la rg e p ro p o r t io n o f th e n e w sp a p e rs h a ve s u p p o rte d th e R e p u b lic a n s , th e e rs tw h ile fa v o r i te p a r ty o f b ig bus iness. T h is t im e th e n u m b e rs a re ju s t a b o u t even, b u t th e c ir c u la t io n o f th e p a p e rs s u p p o r t in g th e D e m o c ra ts is m o re th a n d o u b le th a t o f those s u p p o r t in g th e R e p u b lic a n s . D e m o c ra tic n e w s p a p e r s u p p o r t in c lu d e s th e tw o ch a in s w i th th e la rg e s t c i r ­c u la t io n , S c r ip p s -H o w a rd a n d H e a rs t, and such la rg e in d e p e n d e n t p a p e rs as: th e P h ila d e lp h ia In q u ir e r , C h icag o D a ily N ew s, C h icago S u n -T im e s , C leve lan d . P la in D e a le r a n d T he K ansas C ity S ta r.

W h a t em erges f r o m a l l th is is th e p la in fa c t th a t Joh nso n is th e c a n d id a te o f b ig bus iness w h ic h s u p p o rts h im th ro u g h its m ass p u b lic a t io n s . N o r can i t be a rg u e d th a t th e s w in g o f th e r ig h t - w in g press to Jo h n so n is p ro o f th a t even c o n s e rv a tiv e s ca n ’t ta k e “ ir re s p o n s ib le ” G o ld w a te r . W h e n such ra b id ly a n t i- la b o r , a n t i-N e g ro , p r o - w it c h - h u n t an d p r o - w a r fo rce s as th e L u c e an d H e a rs t e m p ire s g e t b e h in d Joh n so n i t ’s because th e y see in h im a k in d re d s p ir it .

Poverty a Prime KillerP o v e r ty is th e t h i r d p r in c ip a l cause o f d e a th in N e w Y o r k

C ity w h e re i t k i l ls 13,000 a n n u a lly , a c c o rd in g to c i t y H e a lth C o m ­m is s io n e r D r . G eo rg e Jam es. H e e s tim a te d th a t 1,400,000 pe o p le — one f i f t h o f th e c i t y ’s p o p u la t io n — l iv e in th is k i l l in g c o n d i­t io n o f p o v e r ty .

C o m m is s io n e r Jam es rea che d h is c o n c lu s io n a b o u t 13,000 de a ths f r o m p o v e r ty on th e bas is o f a c o m p a ra tiv e s tu d y o f th e d e a th ra te s f r o m v a r io u s causes in th e 97.6 p e r c e n t w h ite , m id d le - class a re a o f F lu s h in g , Q ueens, an d th e p re d o m in a n t ly N e g ro an d P u e r to R ic a n a rea o f B e d fo rd , B ro o k ly n .

O ne o f th e s t r ik in g p a irs o f s ta t is t ic s c ite d b y Jam es in h is t a lk b e fo re th e 92nd a n n u a l m e e tin g o f th e A m e r ic a n P u b lic H e a lth A s s o c ia t io n w as th a t on in fa n t m o r ta l i t y . O u t o f e v e ry 1,000 l iv e bab ies b o rn , 13.8 d ie as in fa n ts in F lu s h in g , w h i le 27.0 d ie as in fa n ts in B e d fo rd .

O n O c t. 1 th e N e w Y o r k C i ty P u b lic H e a lth A s s o c ia tio n c r i t ­ic iz e d th e A m e r ic a n P u b lic H e a lth A s s o c ia tio n fo r its a p a th y to ­w a rd th e h ig h d e a th an d disease ra te a m o ng m in o r i t y g ro up s . “ W e h a v e w a tc h e d th e A P H A c o n te n t i ts e l f w i th e m p ty re s o lu tio n s ,” D r . A lo n z o S. Y e rb y , p re s id e n t o f th e N e w Y o r k g ro u p sa id .

N o n e o f th is can com e as a s u rp r is e to o u r rea de rs . N o r is th e re a n y d o u b t th a t k i l l in g p o v e r ty an d k i l l in g la c k o f m e d ic a l c a re a n d la c k o f c o n ce rn in to p g o v e rn m e n t c irc le s a b o u t e ith e r w i l l c o n t in u e u n t i l N egroes an d o th e r m in o r it ie s o rg a n iz e th e m ­se lves p o l i t ic a l ly in o p p o s it io n to th e tw o c a p ita l is t p a r tie s to f ig h t f o r a b e t te r l i fe .

By George Breitm anP o lit ic a lly , 1964 has been a d is­

aster fo r the Negro m ovem ent.1963 was the year w hen it began to declare its independence, b u t1964 has shown the incom ple te and lim ite d cha racter o f th a t de­c la ra tio n , W ith honorable b u t few exceptions, the Negro m ovem ent has rem ained stuck in the swam p o f lib e ra l ca p ita lis t po litics , and there i t is stagnating o r s ink ing .

T he Socia lis t W orke rs P a rty , in its 1963 conven tion reso lu tion , po in ted ou t th a t fo r p ra c tic a lly a ll tendencies in the Negro m ove­m ent, po lit ics is the area w here they are “ weakest and least in ­dependent, bo th in the o ry and p rac tice .” Since the Negro s trug ­gle is a p o lit ic a l s trugg le above eve ry th in g else, its weakness and dependence in th is f ie ld have had c r ip p lin g effects on o ther fie lds.

F o r the m ore conserva tive Ne­gro leaders, the e lection cam paign was a godsend, especia lly a fte r the G o ldw a te r nom ina tion . N ow they had th e ir p re te x t fo r c a llin g o f f dem onstra tions in the streets, w h ich they had never favo red in the f ir s t place. They em braced i t w ith both arm s, and are w o rk in g 24 hours a day to keep the Ne­gro com m u n ity in the pos ition of an appendage to the D em ocra tic P arty .

In th is endeavor, conservatives lik e Roy W ilk in s are ge tting a ll- ou t aid fro m people w ho have en­joyed repu ta tions as m ilita n ts in

Roy W ilk ins

the past. A . P h ilip Randolph, w ho refused to endorse K ennedy in 1960, te lls the Southern C h ris tian Leadersh ip Conference th a t “ I t ’s no t enough ju s t to elect Lyndon B. Johnson . . . w e ’ve got to b u ry G o ld w a te r!” Baya rd R ustin , w ho s t i l l sits on the e d ito r ia l board o f L ib e ra tio n and rem ains the d a r lin g o f the S oc ia lis t P a rty , is rac ing a ll over the place w ith “ ra d ica l” rea­sons w h y Negroes should support the same candidate th a t Faubus is sup po rting and rem a in in the

Brazilian Dictatorship Inflicts Harsh Repressions on People

By Constance WeissmanU.S. im p e ria lism , w h ic h c la im s

th a t i t is hostile to the Castro reg im e because i t ended “ democ­ra cy ” in Cuba, is d e lir io u s ly happy w ith the m il ita ry d ic ta to rsh ip in B ra z il w h ich in its s ix m onths of pow er has stam ped o u t c iv i l l ib e r­ties and f i l le d the ja ils w ith po l­it ic a l prisoners.

The U.S.-sanctioned m il ita ry coup in South A m e ric a ’s largest coun try , ousted the lega l p res i­dent, Joao G ou la rt, and ins ta lled A rm y C h ie f o f S ta ff Castelo B ranco in h is place. W ashington approved th is undem ocra tic sei­zure o f pow er on the grounds tha t i t “ saved B ra z il fro m com m un­ism ,” a lthough , as P ro f. Ronald H ilto n w rite s in the June Hispan ic A m erican R eport, “ U.S. in te l l i­gence has now adm itted there was no evidence th is th re a t ex is ted .” The S tan fo rd U n iv e rs ity professor says the o ve rth ro w o f G o u la rt “ is to be exp la ined in la rge measure by the h o s t ility o f the landow ners to his land -re fo rm plans.”

In his speech a t P laya G iron , F id e l Castro declared: “ To sayth a t G o u la rt was a com m un is t is re a lly the l im it . The deposed p res i­dent . . . was t ry in g to c a rry ou t a series o f social re form s, those v e ry re fo rm s w h ich the A llia n ce fo r Progress h y p o c r it ic a lly de­fended.”

Though the fin a n c ia l pages o f U.S. papers have g le e fu lly re p o rt­ed the exce lle n t new re la tions between the governm ent o f B ra z il and U.S. investors, the re has been l i t t le space g iven to the wholesale arrests o f le ft is t, labor, peasant, lib e ra l and even m oderate and C a tho lic opponents o f the m il ita ry ru lers.

The atm osphere o f te r ro r can be glim psed in the tre a tm e n t the generals gave the U n iv e rs ity o f B ras ilia . Soon a fte r the coup, the campus was surrounded by troops. O ffice rs ransacked the lib ra ry , de­s tro y in g a ll m ate ria ls they con­sidered “ subvers ive.” A m ong o ther th ings, the bookburners destroyed a G reek ed itio n o f the N ew Testa­m en t because they tho ugh t the p r in t was Russian and hence “ propaganda.” Japanese lin g u is tic tapes w ere s im ila f ly destroyed on the m is taken assum ption th a t they

were in Chinese and hence M aoist “ propaganda.”

The conserva tive newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo o f Sept. 12 gives a c a re fu lly res tra ined ac­count o f the im p rison m en t o f P ro f. F lorestan Fernandes, an in te rn a ­t io n a lly kno w n sociologist at the U n iv e rs ity o f Sao Paulo. H is ex­am ina tion b y the m il i ta ry po lice fo r “ subvers ive ” ideas, in c luded such h u m ilia t in g item s as be ing ordered to s ing the na tio n a l an­them . Fernandes w ro te a le tte r o f pro test to the colonel in charge. The co lonel te rm ed the le tte r “ a r­rog an t” and ordered the professor to re tra c t it . He refused and was im prisoned in the m il i ta ry b a r­racks. S tudent s trikes are fo rb id ­den b u t students stayed aw ay fro m the u n iv e rs ity th a t n igh t. “ T hey were in no cond ition to con­cen tra te on classes in v ie w o f the atm osphere o f te r ro r w h ich sur­rounded them ,” F o lha com m ented.

B u t th is was m ild com pared to w h a t happened to peasant leaders in no rtheast B ra z il, w here Peasant Leagues had been fo rm ed under the leadersh ip o f F rancisco Ju liao , w ho is now in prison. A cco rd ing an a rtic le by Dan K u rzm a n fro m Recife in the M ay 12 W ashington Post, the p la n ta tio n ow ners and sug a r-m ill opera tors in P ernam ­buco w e n t on a “ spree o f ven­geance against th e ir w o rke rs in o rd e r to t r y to w ipe ou t the peas­an t un ions.”

“ In one case the m ayor o f Con- dado, accom panied by tw o hood­lum s, beat up the p res ident and o ther o ff ic ia ls o f the loca l demo­cra tic peasant un ion, as w e ll as the w ives o f some, in c lu d in g one w ho was pregnant. They also dragged the president's m othe r fro m he r home and ripped o f f he r clothes in pub lic .

“ In ano the r v illag e , Jose Lopes, a sugar p la n ta tio n ow ner and fo rm e r Congressman, sent strong- a rm men fro m h u t to h u t to beat up peasants w ho had led s trikes . . . In C arp ina arm ed m asked men entered the hom e o f a peasant s tr ik e leader and abused his w ife and daughters . . . A lm o s t a ll dem ­ocra tic un ion leaders, together w ith Com m unists, w ere dragged o f f to ja i l by the landow ners.”

same p a rty th a t Eastland is in .Even younger and m ore m il ita n t

sections o f the c iv il- r ig h ts m ove­m ent have been sucked in to the swam p. The S tuden t N o n v io le n t C o ord ina ting C om m ittee ’s ven tu re in to po litics in M iss iss ipp i has tu rne d in to a d ism al contest w ith the racists to dem onstra te th a t Negroes are the “ re a l” Dem ocrats because they w ou ld vo te fo r Johnson, i f on ly Johnson w o u ld do som eth ing about he lp in g them to exercise the r ig h t to vote.

B u t the saddest spectacle is p rov ided by L ib e ra to r. T h is maga­zine has gained respect as a ra d ­ica l and fo r th r ig h t opponent o f w h ite suprem acy, g radua lism and tokenism . I t has been p a r tic u la r ly s trong in its exposure and con­dem nation o f the m iddle-class Ne­gro leaders, th e ir lib e ra l ideology and practice, and th e ir dependence on the pow er s truc tu re . Y e t L ib ­e ra to r has entered the swam p too; a l i t t le la te r than those i t has so ju s t ly c ritic ized , b u t w ith them .

Num ber of Articles

The O ctober issue o f L ib e ra to r p r in ts a' nu m be r o f a rtic les on the e lection o f the k in d its readers have come to expect. T h e ir g is t is th a t “ Between Johnson and G o ld ­w ate r, b lack people have no choice.” B u t the o ff ic ia l pos ition o f the magazine is expressed in its ed ito ria ls , and its O ctober ed i­to r ia l, “ Johnson o r G o ld w a te r a Choice?,” reaches a d iffe re n t con­clusion.

I t begins w ith the usual a ttack on the o ff ic ia l Negro leaders: “ W here w i l l m iddle-class b lack A m ericans be ( in N ovem ber)? W hy, r ig h t a long w ith th e ir w h ite lib e ra l comrades t r y in g to save A m erica fro m G o ld w a te r . . . There is no panic in the ghettos, o n ly in the pa in ted green law ns o f subu rb ia . . .”

Then i t charges there is no rea l d iffe re nce between the tw o m a jo r parties: “ W e are he ld in suchcon tem pt by the D em ocra tic P a r­ty o f Johnson and the R epub lican P a rty o f G o ld w a te r th a t w e have no t even received fro m them the usual pre-election prom ises th a t th ings w i l l be be tte r a fte r the elec­tion . The issue fo r b lack A m erica is no t Johnson o r G o ldw a te r, b u t one o f s u rv iv a l . . .”

Last Sentence

B u t the e d ito r ia l’s las t sentence, the one th a t counts, does no t f lo w fro m w h a t precedes it . I t says: “ H ow ever, the one possible v ir tu e P resident Johnson has, he is n o t G o ldw a te r, and G o ld w a te r m ust be D E F E A T E D .” (Em phasis in o r ig in a l.)

So L ib e ra to r, despite its ve rb a l c ritic ism s o f Johnson, despite its shamefaced w ay o f g iv in g in to lib e ra l pressure, ends up in the same pro-Johnson sw am p as “ the m iddle-class b lack A m erican s ” and “ th e ir w h ite lib e ra l com rades.” There is no panic in the ghettos, bu t the re m ust be some in the e d ito r ia l o ffic e o f L ib e ra to r.

E a rlie r in the yea r i t p r in te d an a rtic le re je c tin g C lif to n D eB erry , the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty can­d ida te fo r p resident, as an alleged “ pa w n ” o f the M a rx is ts . Its p re­sent suppo rt o f Johnson casts l ig h t on its rea l reason fo r opposing D eB erry . A t the la s t m in u te L ib ­era to r cou ldn ’ t resist show ing i t is “ responsib le” too. Responsible to whom ?

The 1964 e lection has been a test fo r the d iffe re n t tendencies in the Negro m ovem ent. Those w ho can ’t stand up against the pressure o f the lib e ra ls today can h a rd ly be expected to stand up against the m uch harsher pressures to come. The on ly ones in the Negro m ove­m en t w ho have acqu itted them ­selves hono rab ly , and the re fo re have earned the r ig h t to be lis t ­ened to a fte r the e lection, are the supporters o f C lif to n D e B e rry ’s candidacy on a n a tion a l scale and the cam paigners fo r the Freedom Now P a rty in M ich ig a n and o th e r states.

Monday, October 19, 1964 TH E M IL IT A N T Page Five

N.Y. Meeting Urges Police Review Board

N EW Y O R K , Oct. 7 — The Em ergency C iv i l L ib e rtie s Com ­m ittee he ld a m eeting last n ig h t to p ro test po lice b ru ta li ty and de­m and the estab lishm ent o f a c iv i l ­ian re v ie w board.

Judge H u b e rt D e lan y cha ired the m eeting. He stated th a t w h ile no t a ll po licem en are e v il, there is a h igh e r percentage o f e v il peo­ple on the po lice fo rce than in any o ther b ranch o f the c iv i l serv­ice.

C ity C ouncilm an Theodore S. Weiss, au tho r o f the b i l l to estab­lis h a c iv ilia n po lice re v ie w board in New Y o rk C ity , was the p r in ­c ip a l speaker. He attacked the sec­tio n o f the re p o rt by J. Edgar H oover on the ghetto r io ts th a t deals w ith po lice re v ie w boards. Weiss said th a t he kne w fro m personal know ledge th a t the re ­p o rt on Rochester was a lie .

Law rence Cole, a psychologist and d ire c to r o f the L o w e r East Side A c tio n P ro je c t (L E A P ), to ld a series <of shocking stories o f po­lice b ru ta lity he kne w f ir s t hand. He po in ted o u t th a t i t was not even possible to get the fact o f w idespread po lice b ru ta li ty rec­ognized in N ew Y o rk , le t alone the estab lishm ent o f a c iv ilia n re ­v ie w board.

In the discussion pe riod , C la rk Forem an, executive d ire c to r o f the ECLC, made the p o in t th a t a l­though F B I ch ie f H oover w e n t out o f h is w ay to smear the idea of re v ie w boards ( in the re p o rt he made on the ghetto r io ts ) , the W arren Com m ission, w h ic h is a re v ie w board, found the F B I and Secret Service w ere bo th n e g li­gent. I f the fed e ra l po lice need re v ie w in an assassination case, then the po lice here need i t a ll the tim e, he said.

War in Vietnam To Be Topic of N.Y. Symposium

N EW Y O R K — The m ost im p o r­ta n t question in U n ited States fo re ign po licy , the w a r in South V ie tnam , w i l l be the sub ject of a sym posium Oct. 23 a t the M il ita n t La bo r F o rum a t 116 U n iv e rs ity Place. E n title d “ Can U.S. P o licy Succeed in V ie tnam ?” the sym ­posium w i l l be led by three pane l­ists:

R obert Schw artz, vice president o f the Is ra e li D iscount Bank, w ho is a m em ber o f the n a tion a l boards o f the A m ericans fo r D em ocratic A c tio n and the N a tion a l C o m m it­tee fo r a Sane N u c lea r P o licy, the o rgan iza tion w h ich led the f ig h t against nuc lear tes tin g in th is c ou n try ;

H e len Lam b, au tho r o f the pam ph le t The T ragedy o f V ie t­nam ; and R icha rd Garza, Socia list W orkers P a rty candidate fo r U.S. Senator fro m New Y ork .

Richard Garza

O f course the foreman's a pin-headed S.O.B.! Whaddya think we hired him for — his brains?

By Thomas Heath

O A K L A N D , C a lif., Oct. 6 — In case you w onder w h a t lies beh ind the present s tr ik e in G enera l M o­tors le t me describe the s itua tion in the G M p la n t at F rem on t, 25 m iles south of here. T h is is one o f the severa l BO P p lan ts (w here B u icks, O ldsm obiles and Pontiacs are assem bled). T h is p la n t is new, one o f the m ost m odern assem­b ly p lan ts in the G M com plex. I t em ploys 4,100 w orkers.

I t has fea tures such as a ir con­d itio n in g , exce lle n t lig h tin g , and patios fo r rest periods. These pa t­ios have tab les w ith um bre llas fo r shade, and benches and m any vend ing m achines w ith re fresh ­ments, and telephones so w o rkers can m ake ca lls outside. The p lan t even has escalators so w o rkers don’t have to c lim b sta irs. The ca fe te ria is clean, m odem and s ty lish , w ith sound-proo f ce ilings and sem i-classical m usic piped, in. T here are spacious washroom s and the to ile t s ta lls have doors w ith locks on them , u n lik e the old p la n t w here there w ere no doors and w here forem en used to go dow n the ro w lo o k in g fo r men w ho had le ft the assembly line .

Best EquippedIn the new p la n t eve ry fo rem an

has access to an in te r-p la n t te le ­phone system on his desk, and the re is a p la n t-w id e public-ad- dress system. The p la n t boasts a m odern m ed ica l d ispensary w ith f iv e o r s ix nurses fo r each s h ift and a doctor and an am bulance service.

Despite a ll th is , the F rem on t w o rkers , p r io r to the n a tio n a l ne­go tia tions, took a s tr ik e vo te and, w ith 2,700 casting ba llo ts , voted 99% pe r cent to au thorize a s trike . W hy?

The s to ry is w rapped around tw o figu res. A f te r the change­over to new models, the assembly- lin e speed was set and m anned fo r the p ro du c tion o f 35 cars per hour. Since then, m anagem ent has speeded up the lin e to 45 cars per ho u r w ith no increase in per­sonnel.

A w a lk dow n the aisle reveals w o rke rs sw eating in sp ite o f the a ir con d ition ing . The men are f ig h t in g the line , m any are “ in the ho le” w ith the hoses on th e ir a ir tools stretched o u t t ig h t as they get behind, and lose th e ir position fo llo w in g the m ov ing jobs.

FrustrationThere is fru s tra t io n on th e ir

faces as they t r y to assemble the r ig h t p a rt on the r ig h t jo b . W ith the v a ry in g “ m odel m ix ” — th ree d iffe re n t brands o f cars, several m odels in each, and hundreds of op tiona l item s to be inc luded on some jobs and le f t o f f others — the w o rk load o f each opera to r fluc tua tes up fro m “ n o rm a l,” and dow n to “ no rm a l.” B u t the “ n o r­m a l” pace is w h a t a m an can do.

The “ com b in a tion ” jobs come dow n the lin e and h i t the w o rk e r w ith e x tra tasks, so he fa lls be­h ind , a flood o f re p a ir w o rk ac­cum ulates at the end o f the line.

W hen the p la n t was opened, the com pany stressed “ f le x ib i l i t y ” in se tting w o rk standards because d iffe re n t cars were going to ru n on one line , and i f dem and slack­ened on one m odel, another w o u ld be increased. B u t the “ f le x ib i l i t y ” is in the w o rk e r t ry in g to ju gg le the v a ry in g pa rts and stock, reach­in g in to h is apron w h ic h has m any pockets w ith nuts, bo lts, screws, etc., and an a ir too l un de r one arm w ith w h ic h to fasten them on.

In the old p la n t the o r ig in a l line speed was de term ined b y the “ u t i l ­i t y m en,” (the n e x t in lin e fo r fo rem en ’s jo b s ). T hey used to set up the jo b and de te rm ine the speed. N ow the T im e S tandards D epartm ent, w h ich has a b ig la y ­ou t upsta irs, figu res i t ou t w ith s lide ru les. N ow v e ry few u t i l i t y men, w ho used to be the pace set­ters, can m ake the opera tion in the tim e sent dow n by T im e S tan­dards. The u t i l i t y m en used to be

p riv ile g e d w orkers, now m ost of them “ w a n t ou t.”

The set-up and pacing fo r the jo b is done in the m ysterious T im e Standards room and set fo r th in books w h ich are closely guarded secrets. The un ion com m itteem en are no t even a llow ed to look at these books to f in d ou t how the standard was a rr iv e d at.

The toughest grievance to f i le is a d ispu te on the tim e study, p ro ­tes ting a w o rk load. A l l the “ w hee ls” in the p lan t, the fo re ­men, the lin e forem en, the general fo rem en and the superin tendents are concerned w ith th e ir yea r.end “ e ff ic ie n c y ” bonus, possible p ro ­m otions, com petition w ith o ther p lan ts in the G M system, and they react to the w o rk e r ’s beef on w o rk load as i f i t were som eth ing pe r­sonal.

F rom the top dow n in the “ de­cen tra lized ” G M system, the re is fie rce com petition . W ord comes th rough th a t BOP in St. Lou is produced so m any cars in such and such tim e, T a rry to w n , N.Y., tops it , then F rem on t is supposed to top th a t and so on. The bonuses depend on it . T h is na tion a l pres­sure on local p la n t m anagem ent is one reason these “ loca l” issues can’t re a lly be solved w ith o u t a strong na tiona l f ig h t.

W hen a w o rk e r reaches his b reak ing p o in t and ca lls h is com ­m itteem an, the com m itteem an a r­rives w ith his stop w a tch and tim es the job . He gels re l ie f fo r the w o rk e r to ta lk to the forem an and com m itteem an. The forem an says: “ T h is opera to r has p le n ty o f tim e fo r the job. I w i l l no t take w o rk o ff h im .” The com m itteem an w rite s up the grievance and te lls the w o rk e r to re tu rn to w o rk and be ca re fu l, the grievance w i l l be processed. M eantim e, the w o rk load continues w ith o u t re lie f. I t gets worse, in fact, because the fo rem a n ’s a tt itu d e gets m ore be l­lig e re n t to w a rd the g rievan t.

N e x t, the com pany tim e -s tud y m an a rrives to s tudy the g rie v a n t’s eve ry m otion — usua lly fo r fo u r hours. T here have been cases w here they tim ed g rievan ts fo r tw o fu l l days, p u ttin g rea l pres­sure on them.

Then they have the w o rk e r re ­

lieved fro m the line , and r ig h t the re in f ro n t o f everyone, the superin tendan t, the general fo re ­man, the fo rem an, the la bo r.re la - tions m an, and the tim e-s tudy m an su rround h im . W ith the o ther w o rke rs w a tch ing , the lin e super­in tenden t pu ts on a re a l show. He shouts, waves h is f in g e r in a m en­acing m anner, te lls the g rie va n t the facts o f life , shows h im the com pany tim e s tudy w h ich “ proves” th a t the re is p le n ty o f tim e to do the job , and ends w ith the im p lie d th re a t th a t the g rie v ­an t be tte r q u it his be llya ch ing and do a ll his opera tions o r get sus­pended. M anagem ent is fu l ly aw are o f the im p ac t th is has in fr ig h te n in g the o the r w o rke rs w ho m ig h t be th in k in g o f p ro tes ting th e ir ow n w o rk loads.

Young W orkersT h is is a new p lan t, and 3,000

ou t o f 4,100 w o rke rs are new , w ith less than one year sen io rity . They had to pass a rigo rous phys ica l exam w ith em phasis on you th , d e x te r ity and speed. F o r most, th is is th e ir f ir s t experience in be ing reg im ented to a m ov ing conveyor lin e and an oppressive, p rison -like atmosphere.

The young g rie v a n t’s education m ay be com pleted w hen he is led aw ay by h is forem an to L a b o r Re­la tions w here he is g iven a d is ­c ip lin a ry suspension. H is com m it­teeman assures h im the un ion w i l l process his case, and he is escorted to the door w here he deposits his badge w ith the guard and goes home to te ll h is w ife the re w o n ’t be a pay check fo r a w h ile . He m ust a w a it a te legram te ll in g h im w hen to re tu rn to w o rk . A l l th is is w ith o u t t r ia l o r a n y th in g lik e tha t. In G M plants, a man is g u il­ty u n t i l p roven innocent.

U ltim a te ly , the m an is ca lled back to p e rfo rm the same opera­tion , o r possib ly a worse one. The grievances go th rou gh various “ steps” w here they lie do rm an t. As o f now , the re are 400 serious grievances ly in g in the cubby holes in L a b o r R e lations here. W hen the young g rieva n t f ir s t makes h is pro test, he gene ra lly has confidence the un ion w i l l stand beh ind h im . I t does in fo rm , b u t i t is in e ffec tua l. H e loses his

confidence in his un ion. The slow , cum bersom e grievance procedure, and the in tim id a tio n , discourage the f i l in g o f m any le g itim a te grievances. Perhaps one o u t o f ten are a c tu a lly f ile d and processed.

The w o rk e r faces the lin e eve ry day, is forced to w o rk m any hours o f ove rtim e despite the fa c t th a t h is body is w ra cked w ith fa tig u e a t the end o f the n o rm a l e ig h t hours — ove rtim e is n o t o p tion a l a t G M . Y ou get suspended fo r re ­fus in g it. R epa ir and u t i l i t y men have been w o rk in g fo r e leven hours. There w ere tw o threatened w a lkou ts over th is.

The m orn in g comes w hen the w o rk e r wakes up and ju s t goes back to sleep ra th e r than face another day o f he ll. “ Absence w ith o u t reasonable cause” gets a rep rim an d the f ir s t tim e , then sus­pension, and a fte r the th ird step o f “ progressive d isc ip lin e ” i t is “ ou t the door.”

Though the papers re p o rt th a t U A W pres ident W a lte r R euthe r says you get a 12-m inute b reak eve ry fo u r hours, th is isn ’t re a lly so in practice. T here are ju s t so m any re lie f m en to take the places o f men leav ing the line . I f they are busy on sick re lie f, o r lin e breakdow n, o r o ther emergencies, they are ju s t no t a va ila b le fo r the re lie f periods. T here have been tim es w hen nobody on the w ho le line got the re lie f break.

A n o th e r constant source o f i r r i ­ta tio n is th a t the w o rk e r never know s w hen the “ q u it t in g b e ll” is go ing to r in g . M anagem ent m ig h t decide a t the la s t m in u te to w o rk another fe w ten ths o f an h o u r (T he hour is d iv id e d in to ten ths a t G M .), and the men m iss th e ir ca r.po o l rides.

One w o rk e r said: “ I ’ve beenw o rk in g in the auto in d u s try abou t 18 years and I ’ve never seen i t th is bad. The push ing o f the assem bly lin e beyond hum an endurance creates a trem endous am ount o f fru s tra tio n and anger tow a rds the un ion th a t is in e ffec ­tu a l in coping w ith these m any problem s.”

T h a t’s the w ay i t is in the m ost m odern, cleanest, up-to-date G M p lan t. These are some o f the th ings beh ind the s trike .

BEHIND THE GENERAL MOTORS STRIKE

Life on an Auto Assembly Line

Page Six TH E M IL IT A N T Monday, October 19, 1964

THE KENTUCKY MINERS' TRIAL

FBI, Politicians, Ganged Up on Defendants

C o m m itte e fo r M in e rs photo

F R A M E -U P V IC T IM S . Indicted K entucky miners, including B er­man Gibson (fourth from left, second ro w ), at courthouse w ith a t­torneys Dan Jack Combs, Paul O’D w yer and I. Philip Sipser (fro n t, le ft to r ig h t). A t righ t in second row is Ham ish S inclair, fie ld director of Com mittee for Miners.

[F a ilin g to con v ic t B erm an G ibson, leader o f unem ployed m in ­ers in K e n tu cky , las t J u ly , fe d e ra l prosecutors scheduled a re­t r ia l fo r Oct. 14. T h a t date passed, how ever, w ith o u t tr ia l. Inasm uch as the f ir s t t r ia l was n o t reported outside the loca l press, we present the fo llo w account o f i t . ]

B y Stanley LingleF ro m J u ly 13 to 19 a la b o r t r ia l

o f unusua l dim ensions took place in the fed e ra l courthouse in L e x ­ing ton , K e n tu cky . Berm an G ibson and e igh t o ther unem ployed coal m ine rs w ere charged w ith con­s p ir in g to dynam ite a L o u is v ille and N a sh v ille R a ilro ad b ridge (w h ic h is s t i l l s tand ing undam ­aged) a t D a isy, K y .

T he t r ia l g rew o u t o f b it te r coal m in e rs ’ s tr ik e and was the second set o f charges faced by these m en in less than fo u r m onths. In A p r i l G ibson and seven o th e r “ ro v in g p icke ts ” had been acqu itted in a s tate co u rt in W h itesb u rg o f arm ed ro b b e ry and assault.

These K e n tu c k y tr ia ls re m in d us o f w h a t, la b o r is up against w hen i t refuses to subside w ith a pa t on the: back. W ith o u t suppo rt o f th e ir un ion , the U n ited M in e W orkers, th e R o v ing P icke ts o f K e n tu c k y had waged a th ree-year b a ttle w ith non-un ion coal operators. M a rch ­in g arm ies o f m ine rs up fo r t if ie d m oun ta ins in the face o f state po lice , depu ty sh e riffs and h ired thugs, the p ickets had closed dow n a l l non-union m ines in seven East K e n tu c k y counties. A phony truce in it ia te d b y the governor and the a t t r it io n o f the p ro tra c ted strugg le f in a l ly underm ined the s trike .

A barrage o f in d ic tm e n ts fo l­lo w e d b u t G ibson and h is ro v in g p icke ts w e re able to en lis t the sup­p o r t o f some trade un ion is ts ou t­s ide the state. The C om m ittee fo r M in e rs was set up in N ew Y o rk . I t ra ised funds and helped ob ta in h igh -ca libe r defense counsel in the persons o f I . P h ilip S ipser and P a u l O ’D w y e r o f N ew Y o rk , and

W hite Man to Lose BurdenB r it is h nego tia tors have re ­

fused to cancel a 75-year-old c la im o f the B r it is h South A fr ic a n Co. (founded b y th a t pe rson ifica tio n o f im p e ria lism , C ec il Rhodes) to v ir tu a l ly a l l the m in e ra l r ig h ts in the copper-rich te r r ito ry o f N o rth ­ern Rhodesia, w h ic h is scheduled to become the independent na tion o f Zam bia on Oct. 24.

The c la im is based on an 1890 “ agreem ent” signed b y a t r ib a l

Order an Extra Copy For a Friend

The Age Of Permanent

Revolution: A Trotsky AnthologyIntroduction by Isaac Deutscher

95 cents

Order from

PIONEER PUBLISHERS 116 University Place

New York, N . Y. 10003

D an Jack Combs and H a rry C au­d i l l o f K e n tu cky .

P repared to de fend themselves in cou rt, the m in e rs ’ m ovem ent now constitu ted its e lf a c itizens ’ o rgan iza tion — the A pp a lach ian C om m ittee fo r F u ll E m p loym en t — based in H azard, and con tinued to press fo r jobs a t decent wages. T h e ir co n tin u in g m ilita n c y , com­b ined w ith th e ir lega l v ic to ry a t W h itesburg , g re a tly a la rm ed th e ir opponents. On the f in a l day o f th a t t r ia l, n e a rly eve ry key f ig ­u re in the im pend ing fede ra l t r ia l was the re to hear the v e rd ic t — representatives o f the p o lit ic a l m a­chine o f P e rry C oun ty (hom e coun ty o f the de fendan ts), the tw o fede ra l prosecutors, F B I agents and num erous o ther prose­cu tion witnesses-to-be.

A f te r the W h itesb u rg acq u itta l, the H azard area was sa tu ra ted by F B I agents, ra ilro a d detectives, P in k e rto n m en and state-police detectives. The sm ear cam paign against the m iners again reached the he ights o f the s tr ik e period. S tate and m u n ic ip a l job-holders, school superin tendants, w e lfa re a d m in is tra to rs , lo ca l coal opera­tors and business associates, leg is­la to rs , etc., a l l jo in e d in a cam ­pa ign to iso late and v i l i f y the “ gang o f c u tth ro a ts ” abou t to go on tr ia l.

The fede ra l prosecu to r suc­ceeded in m ov ing the t r ia l fro m Jackson, a coal-county, m ounta in tow n , to L e x in g to n in the h e a rt o f the bluegrass, com m ercia l- a g r ic u ltu ra l area.

The backdrop o f the intense e f­fo r t to ra ilro a d these m en was the e ffec t o f Johnson’s “ w a r on pov­e r ty ” and the im pend ing A p p a l­achia A id B i l l on K e n tu c k y ’s po l­it ic a l m achines. They are at a h igh p itc h o f greedy expectancy. The governors o f A ppa lach ia had a l­ready ca rried the p o in t th a t any fede ra l aid to the unem ploym ent- racked area should pass th rou gh the tra d it io n a l s ticky-finge red state re lie f and pu b lic -w o rks chan-

chief. The com pany has a lready collected some $230 m il lio n in roya ltie s on e xp lo ited m ine ra ls ; the y p re sen tly ru n above $35 m il­lio n a year.

“ N o A fr ic a n ch ie f gave o r cou ld have g iven a ll ou r n a tu ra l re ­sources,” declared A r th u r W ina , finance m in is te r in the A fr ic a n n a tio n a lis t governm ent. He added th a t a speedy re fe re nd um a fte r independence w o u ld correc t the s itua tion .

New Dispute in Cuba?Juan de Onis, the New Y o rk

Tim es’ m an in H avana, reported Oct. 9 th a t a new fla re -up o f d i f ­ferences had occurred between o ld -line C uban C om m unis t P a rty m em bers and re vo lu tio n is ts w ho came fro m the J u ly 26 M ovem ent. The clash re p o rte d ly occurred at a five -day n a tio n a l congress o f the Cuban R e vo lu tio n a ry C onfedera­tio n o f Labor.

De O nis reported th a t Jose M a ria de la A g u ile ra , head o f the bank w o rke rs ’ un io n and fo rm e r J u ly 26 o ff ic ia l, had c ritic ize d “ w aste” and “ s p e n d th r if t” a t t i­tudes in the use o f funds. The secre tary general o f the confedera­tion , Lazaro Peña, a p ro m in e n t o ld -tim e CP leader, countered th a t expend itu res w e re ju s tif ie d by “ the new resp on s ib ilitie s ” o f the organ iza tion . A cco rd in g to de Onis, o ld -tim e Com m unists, w ho dom inate the leadersh ip o f the Cuban unions, a ttacked de la A g u ile ra as a “ p e tit bourgeois” and a “ bu reaucra t,” and the de l­egates vo ted to approve Peña’s report.

TB Ravages African ChildrenF if ty pe r cent o f A fr ic a n c h il­

d ren are tu b e rc u la r a t the age o f

nels. O ffic ia ls , eager fo r the grand p o rk b a rre l, w e re a la rm ed and in ­fu r ia te d b y the m in e rs ’ A p p a l­achian Com m ittee.

One o f th a t o rgan iza tion ’s f i r s t acts had been to c a ll fo r close fed ­e ra l superv is ion o f a id m oney. I t charged — and c ircu la te d its docu­m en ta tion th ro u g h o u t the state and in W ashington, D.C. — th a t in the past l i t t le o f such m oney ever got dow n to the unem ployed m in ­ers and th e ir fam ilies .

A t the t r ia l the prosecution tr ie d to show the e igh t defendants had conspired to destroy the L & N b ridge w ith n itro -g lyce rin e trans ­ported in G ibson’s car. L& N de­tectives, a fte r f i r in g au tom atic carb ines a t figu res on the b ridge (u n id e n tif ia b le because o f d a rk ­ness), had arrested B ige Hensley, a kno w n p icke t, in G ibson’s car pa rked on a p u b lic h ig h w a y near the bridge. H ensley was hand­cu ffed and he ld a t the scene fo r 12 hours.

In the fo llo w in g week the seven o ther defendants were arrested and g r ille d repea ted ly. F o u r w ere alleged to have f in a lly made state­m ents in c r im in a tin g themselves and others. These “ confessions” — u lt im a te ly read to the ju r y — fo rm ed the he a rt o f the prosecu­tion case.

O the r evidence subm itted b y the prosecution was v e ry f lim s y . I t pu rpo rte d to prove th a t exp losives had been found on the b ridge and th a t some o f the defendants had been w ith in a 30-m ile area rad ius o f the b ridge in the preced ing 24 hours.

F o r m onths, the defense a tto r­neys had f ile d p re -tr ia l m otions to p re ven t the fo u r statem ents fro m be ing a llow ed in to evidence since a ll fo u r m en declared the y w ere false. The “ confessors” te s tifie d th a t th e ir requests to consu lt an a tto rn ey had been repea ted ly re ­fused, th ird -degree m ethods had been used, th e ir fa m ilie s had been threatened, in fo rm e rs had been p lan ted in th e ir cells, and

th ree had been induced to w a ive the r ig h t to an exa m in ing hear­ing, and b a il o f $25,000 each was excessive.

Judge Neace, how ever, p e rm it­ted the in tro d u c tio n o f the “ con­fessions,” leav ing the decision as to th e ir vo lun ta riness to the ju ry .

A tto rn e y P au l O ’D w y e r ’s cross- exa m in a tion o f the F B I agents fu rn ishe d the m ost d ram atic m o­m ents o f the tr ia l. W h ile te s tify ­ing , several agents consulted notes taken a t the tim e o f the inves tiga ­t io n b u t unkno w n to the defense even though in a long p re -tr ia l b a ttle i t had secured an o rder a llo w in g i t to see a l l evidence m a te ria l (u n d e r the Jencks r u l ­in g ) . S how ing th a t the m a te ria ls now be ing used b y the F B I agents had been w i l f u l ly w ith h e ld fro m the defense, O ’D w y e r ca lled fo r a m is tr ia l.

Q uestioned abou t the fo u r signed “ confessions,” the F B I agents ad m itte d th a t tw o o f the signers w ere to ta l ly il lite ra te , w h ile the o th e r tw o had o n ly the a b il i ty to read and w r ite a t a th ird -g ra de leve l. Asked to e x p la in the presence in these statements o f w e ll-tu rn e d l i te ra ry phrases and lega l fo rm u la tio ns , the agents ad­m itte d th a t they had composed the statem ents a lleged ly fro m notes they had made d u r in g in te rv ie w s w ith the defendants. A request to see these notes b ro ug h t a series o f evasions. The judge thereupon o r ­dered a search o f the file s in the F B I ’s L o u is v ille o ffice , b u t to no ava il. The notes, i t seems, had been destroyed.

T he reference b y the F B I agents to s t i l l fu r th e r notes u n kn o w n to the defense p lus evasive answers and con flic ts in th e ir testim ony, f in a lly led the exasperated judge to issue a bench w a rra n t fo r the F B I reg iona l d ire c to r to appear and in s tru c t h is agents to g ive s tra ig h tfo rw a rd answers to ques­tions.

One F B I agent subsequently in ­te rjec ted extraneous and p re ju d ­ic ia l m a te ria l in an a ttem p t to re ­bu t a newspaper a rtic le abou t the tr ia l . W h ile the judge denied a m o tion fo r a m is tr ia l, he re p r i­m anded the agent fo r “ near con­te m p t o f c o u rt.”

A second b lu n d e r was soon com m itted by F B I agent B e rna rd C ashdo lla r w ho dragged in to his tes tim ony the sta tem ent th a t a de fendant had shot the Hazard po lice capta in . O ’D w y e r im m ed­ia te ly dem anded a m is tr ia l be­cause o f th is “ de libe ra te a ttem p t to p re ju d ice the ju r y . ” The p ro ­secutor declared he had no in ­

k lin g C ashdo lla r w o u ld m ake such a statem ent. The judge aga in issued a bench w a rra n t fo r the F B I reg iona l head. To h im he declared th a t h is fo rm e r awed respect fo r the F B I had been shattered. “ Y o u r agents have v o l­un teered in fo rm a tio n th a t is u n f it fo r th is ju r y to hear,” he said, o rd e rin g th a t the y be im m e d ia te ly d irec ted to desist. H e also an­nounced he was w r it in g J. Edgar H oover about the w ho le m a tte r.

S um m a riz in g the governm ent’s case, P rosecutor N ob le attacked the defense fo r ha v in g a ttem pted a t r ia l o f the coal opera tors and the governm ent. “ O f course the statem ents w ere g iven v o lu n ta r i­ly , ” he said. W ha t he had depicted a t the beg inn ing o f the t r ia l as a c r im in a l act b y a brazen gang w ho paraded th rou gh H azard in a mo­to r convoy en rou te to the scene o f the crim e , he now pa in ted as a conspiracy hatched in secrecy by the m aster p lo tte r, G ibson.

S um m ing up fo r the defense, O ’D w y e r po in ted to the presence o f Coal O pera tors ’ Association spokesman, P au l Tayloe, a t the onset o f the inves tiga tion . “ There was indeed a conspiracy a foo t,” O ’D w y e r said. “ A conspiracy to get G ibson. The p re pa ra tion fo r th is p lo t was made in the L & N o ffice , w ith Tayloe and Y ancey [L & N ch ie f in v e s tig a to r] c a llin g the shots.”

B e fo re cha rg ing the ju ry , Judge Neace dism issed the case against de fendan t B r i t t B ake r fo r la ck o f evidence. A f te r 12 hours, the ju r y acqu itted defendants A dam H u f f and T om m y A lla n Combs. T hey found the fo u r “ con­fessors,” H e rb e rt Stacey, C lay ton T u rne r, Charles Engle and B ige Hensley, g u ilty . The ju r y dead­locked, a t te n -to -tw o fo r a cq u itta l on B erm an G ibson. The sentences fo r the fo u r conv ic ted m en range fro m fo u r to s ix years.

T he consensus am ong the de­fense a tto rneys is th a t a l l fo u r conv ic tions w o u ld v e ry l ik e ly be reversed in the f i r s t appeals cou rt. M oreover, b a rr in g new evidence, the re tr ia l o f G ibson cou ld be based on n o th in g m ore than h is c a r’s presence on a h ig h w a y near the bridge. Judge Neace’s ru lin g s made the “ confessions” inadm is- sable as evidence against anyone b u t th e ir signators.

P lans fo r the appeals and de­fense o f G ibson are be ing made b y the C om m ittee fo r M iners, 1165 B roadw ay, N ew Y o rk 1, N .Y. T hough a tto rneys O ’D w y e r and S ipser con tinue to serve w ith o u t fee, expenses are s t i l l heavy. Con­tr ib u tio n s are needed.

World Eventsten, reported D r. C. J. H . B r in k , d ire c to r o f hosp ita l services in the O range Free State, a t a m eeting o f the South A fr ic a n N a tion a l T ubercu los is Association in B lo ­em fon te in las t June. The reason, he said, is m a ln u tr it io n .

Nicaraguans Protest TreatyThe N icaraguan Congress voted

Oct. 6 to repud ia te the 1916 B ryan - C ham orro tre a ty — passed w h ile U.S. M arines w ere in th a t coun­t r y — w h ic h grants the U.S. pe r­pe tua l r ig h ts to b u ild a canal th rou gh N icaraguan te rr ito ry . T ha t tam e leg is la tors unde r U.S.- backed d ic ta to r Somoza should take such a step today is an in d ica ­tio n o f the ex te n t o f independence sen tim en t in L a t in A m erica .

Filipinos Protest TreatyA thousand young F ilip in o s

m arched in M an ila Oct. 2 to p ro ­test be fore the U.S. Embassy fo r fa ire r trade re la tions w ith the U.S. They ca rried signs reading, “ P a r i­t y is P o ve rty ,” “ D ow n w ith Neo­co lon ia lism ,” and “ U ncle Sam Be F a ir .”

U n de r the so-ca lled “ p a r ity ” clauses o f the tre a ty g ra n tin g the P h illip in e s independence a fte r W o rld War I I , special r ig h ts were accorded U.S. investors, to “ s tim ­u la te ” investm ent. A young F i l i ­p ino newsm an asserted th a t m any young people there are “ now con­v inced th a t these clauses were forced th rou gh y o u r Congress by lobbies fo r b ig A m erican com ­panies w ho w anted to go on ex­p lo it in g o u r m arke ts.”

Monday, October 19, 1964 TH E M IL IT A N T Page Seven

L e tte rs F ro m O u r R e a d e rs[This co lum n is an open fo ru m

fo r a l l v ie w p o in ts on subjects o f genera l in te res t to o u r readers. Please keep y o u r le tte rs b rie f. W here necessary they w i l l be abridged . W rite rs ’ in it ia ls w i l l be used, names be ing w ith h e ld unless a u th o riza tio n is g iven fo r use.]

Union MeetingM inneapo lis , M in n .

A couple o f t id b its o f news fo r those in terested in un ion m atters :

A t a recent m ee ting o f the A m algam ated L ith o g ra p h e rs here, a m em ber stood up fro m the flo o r

giiiH iiiim m m iiiiiiiiiim iim im m im im m im iim iiiiim m iiiiim m im iij

| 10 Years Ago | | In The M ilitant 1f jii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i im ii iiii iiiii iiiii iiii iiiiu iii iit iii iiiii iiiii iim iiiii iiiii iiin iii ilT

“ The w ave o f bom bings o f N e­gro homes continues th rou gh ou t the c o u n try . . .

“ B u t a new p a tte rn has emerged in L o u i sv ille , K e n tu c k y . . .

“ L a s t M ay A n d re w W ade . . . bought a home in a w h ite area . . . W hen the Wades m oved in the ra c is t elem ents in the area w ere fu rio u s . The n e x t n ig h t a f ie ry cross was bu rned nearby, rocks w ere th ro w n th rou gh the w indow s and s ix shots w ere f ire d in to the house.

“ W hen the po lice a rr iv e d the y showed w here the y stood by a r­res ting W ade and a fr ie n d . W ith no confidence in po lice p ro tection , W ade and h is friends , a num ber o f them w h ite , organized a guard to w a tch the house at n ig h t. . . .

“ On June 27, despite the guard, a bom b shattered a w a ll and porch o f the W ade home. D is tr ic t A t ­to rn e y Scott H a m ilto n and the G rand J u ry w e n t r ig h t to w o rk on the case, in ve s tig a tin g — no t the rac is t bom bers b u t W ade’s friends. T h e ir houses w ere ra ided w ith o u t w a rra n t. ‘S ubvers ive ’ lite ra tu re was found and p ic tu res o f i t d is ­p layed on the f ro n t pages o f the newspapers. T h e ir ‘subvers ive ’ connections w ith the Progressive P a rty , N A A C P , and o th e r o rgan­iza tions p r ie d in to b y the G rand J u ry . . . .

“ O ver W ade’s protests B ro w n [one o f W ade’s guards] has been in d ic te d fo r the bom bing and fiv e o th e r w h ite frien ds o f W ade’s have been in d ic tc d fo r sed ition . . . ” — Oct. 18, 1954.

t l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l H l l l l l l U I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H I H I I I I I I I I I I H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H I I I I I I ^

e 20 Years Ago \i i t m i m i i i i i i i i i i i i i m i i m m i i i i i m m m m m i m m i i i m i .

“ The cap ita lis t ru l in g class o f the State o f F lo r id a last week pu lle d the R a ifo rd State P rison e lec trocu tion sw itch to m u rd e r three Negro youths, James Davis, 16, F redd y Lee Lane, 19, and James W illia m s , 26. I t was a stream lined jo b o f lega l lyn ch in g .

“ F irs t, the re was the hue and c ry th a t a w h ite w om an had been ‘raped.’ Then, there was the q u ic k seizure o f th ree Negroes — the f ir s t th ree w ho came along. A l i t ­t le ‘encouragem ent’ w ith fis ts , boots, ru b b e r hose and clubs ex­to rted the usual ‘confessions.’

“ ‘S tr ic t ly le ga l’ was the m otto. On A ug ust 31 the re was a ‘t r ia l . ’ No o th e r Negroes w e re present. No ju ry . I t was he ld in secret session before a Judge and 20 se­lected w h ite spectators. F lo r id a la w says th a t ’s lega l, w hen you have a ‘confession.’

“ O utside the courthouse a m ob gathered. ‘O rd e r’ was preserved by the m il it ia , whose com m ander reassured the ‘defenders o f south­e rn w h ite w om anhood’ th a t ‘ju s ­tic e ’ w o u ld be done. He p ro ­nounced the v e rd ic t in advance: ‘They w i l l be e lectrocu ted.’ The ‘t r ia l , ’ fro m the entrance of the judge to pronouncem ent o f the death sentence, took less than 80 m inutes.” — Oct. 21, 1944.

and attacked H u b e rt H um phrey . The b ro th e r cou ld no t see w h y la b o r should support a m an w ho prom ises to w o rk fo r la b o r in Con­gress b u t voted fo r the Land rum - G r if f in A c t. He was cheered by m ost o f the several hundred m em ­bers present.

A t a la te r p o in t in the m eeting, the p res iden t o f the loca l urged the m em bersh ip n o t to question D ona ld F razer, the Dem ocratic- F a rm e r L a b o r candidate fo r Con­gress in the T h ird D is tr ic t, about h is stand in suppo rt o£ the con tro ­ve rs ia l T acon ite A m endm ent. The un ion m em ber w ho had expressed h im se lf so v ig o ro us ly e a r lie r in the m ee ting stood up again and de­m anded to kn o w w h y w e shou ldn ’t ask F raze r w h y he’s suppo rting the Tacon ite A m endm ent. The am endm ent, i f passed, w o u ld w r ite in to the state c o n s titu tio n an as­surance o f ta x concessions to the new taconite in d u s try in the state. The M innesota A F L-C IO , as w e ll as bo th the R epub lican and D .F L pa rties have lin e d up fo r it . The M inneapo lis C en tra l La bo r U n ion has gone on record against it .

Reader

They W ant It Both WaysOrange, C a lif.

O u t here in C a lifo rn ia in the N ovem ber e lection we are going to be faced w ith a state con s titu ­t io n a l am endm ent to repea l a ll fa ir-hous ing law s in the state.

Some o f the same people w ho created th is p rob lem , th a t is the cap ita lis tic landow ners, are t ry in g to get th is am endm ent passed, and a t the same tim e are as busy as bees c rea ting ano the r p ro b lem — th a t is the y s t i l l w a n t the r ig h t to im p o rt fa rm labor. The p ro b ­lem s th is creates fo r the dom estic w o rke rs doesn’t faze the ca p ita l­ists one b it.

B u t le t any da rk-sk inned per­son be bo ld enough to in s is t on h is r ig h t to bu y a home, the cap­ita lis ts says, “ No, th a t is an in ­vasion o f m y p ro p e rty r ig h ts ! I have the r ig h t to sell to w hom ever I w ant. B u t the b u ye r doesn’t have any r ig h ts .”

B u t w hen the ca p ita lis t is b u y ­in g la b o r i t is a d iffe re n t story. I f he can’t b u y i t on his term s, he w ants and gets the r ig h t to im p o rt it . T ha t — to the ca p ita lis t — is free enterprise.

Carl A . Gregory

New Dimension on RightsD e tro it, M ich .

A n a rtic le w h ic h appeared in the New Y o rk T im es and was re ­p rin te d in several o ther newspa­pers states th a t M a lco lm X is t r y ­in g to add a new dim ension to the N egro s trugg le fo r freedom in the U n ited States b y in te rn a tio n a liz ­in g the Negro question before the U n ite d Nations. He is a tte m p tin g to do th is by conv inc ing A fr ic a n nations to ra ise the question o f N e­gro persecution in the U.S. in the same m anner th a t the South A f ­r ica n aparthe id was trans fe rre d in to an in te rn a tio n a l p rob lem .

W e agree w ith M a lco lm th a t the N egro question in the U.S. is no t a question o f c iv i l r ig h ts b u t o f hum an r ig h ts and th a t u n t i l the N egro achieves h is r ig h ts as a h u ­m an being the r ig h ts o f a ll hum an beings are v io la ted .

We, the m em bers o f the Ind e ­pendent Negro C om m ittee to End Racism and B an the Bom b, are u rg in g you and o ther in d iv id u a ls to contact im m e d ia te ly e ith e r by le tte r o r p e tit io n the heads o f state

o f the A fr ic a n na tions to b r in g the b ru ta l transgression o f Negro r ig h ts as hum an beings be fore the U n ite d Nations. I t is im p o rta n t th a t you act im m e d ia te ly be fore the G eneral A ssem bly meets in October.

The m ore le tte rs and pe tition s th a t the A fr ic a n states receive rega rd ing th is issue, the m ore the y w i l l rea lize the urgency to b r in g the A fro -A m e rica n p rob lem before the U n ite d Nations. W e m ust im ­press upon them the trem endous concern o f eve ry person dedicated to hum an r ig h ts fo r a ll people.

I t is im p o rta n t th a t the le tte rs a n d /o r pe tition s be sent to the heads o f state such as K w am e N k ru m a h o f Ghana, because they are the ones w ho d ire c t th e ir de l­egates a t the UN as to w h a t ac­t io n to take. B e low we have lis te d some o f the A fr ic a n states to w hom you can w rite . O the r ad­dresses m ay be obta ined by w r i t ­in g to the U N o r by re fe rr in g to y o u r l ib ra ry . Please le t us kn o w i f you do respond to th is ca ll, by e ith e r sending us a copy o f y o u r le tte r o r ju s t a note saying you have taken such action.

Heads o f state are: K w am eN kru m ah , Accra, Ghana; D r. H . K am a Zu Bam ba, B la n ty re , M a la ­w i; S ir A b u B a ka r Balewa, Lagos, N ig e ria ; Sekou Tour£, C onakry, G u inea ; A lphonse Massamba De­bat, B razzav ille , Rep. o f Congo; Leopo ld Sedar Senghor, D akar, Senegal; A lb e r t M . M arga i, Free T ow n , S ie rra Leone; Ib ra h im Ab-

Reassurances from Goldwater —G o ld w a te r says he th in k s “ w e w i l l never engage in a nu c le a r w a r, and even i f w e go t in to w a r, I don ’t th in k the Russians o r ou r­selves w o u ld be s tup id enough to devastate c ities we cou ldn ’t a f­fo rd to re b u ild .” I f b u ild in g costs dropped, w o u l d the Senator change h is m ind?

Cuban Hum or — New Y o rk Tim es correspondent Juan de O nis reports fro m H avana th a t Cubans ease the s tra in o f d a ily l i fe by po k in g fu n a t the R e vo lu tio n ’s leaders. A f te r recoun ting some c u r­re n t jokes, he w rite s : “ These sto­rie s c ircu la te as fre e ly among peo­p le active in the reg im e as they do among so-called ‘w orm s,’ o r op­ponents, o f the revo lu tio n . They il lu s tra te a sense o f buoyancy and an irreve rence tow a rd the leader­sh ip th a t are cha rac te ris tic o f Cuban in d iv id u a lity .” F u n n y how th is “ in d iv id u a li ty ” can express i t ­se lf fre e ly in w h a t the Tim es con­tends is a “ to ta lita r ia n ” state.

D irty Word — Racist school o f­fic ia ls in P h ila de lph ia , M iss., sus­pended 45 Negro pu p ils fo r com ­in g to school w e a rin g bu ttons bearing a s ingle w o rd — “ F ree­dom .” O ffic ia ls said i t w asn’t “ edu­ca tio na l.”

W here’s the Cat? — Eugenia Sheppard, N ew Y o rk H e ra ld T r i­bune w om en’s fea tu re e d ito r — w ho we re ly on to keep us hep on the la tes t fash ions — discloses th a t among the cu rre n t crop o f lad ies w ho count i t ’s o n ly squares w h o don ’t w ear fu rs indoors. She advises: “ Jus t ru n dow n to Berg- d o r f Goodm an, dear reader, and o rd e r a p a ir o f . . . f u r breeches custom made. They come in m in k , e rm ine o r sable, b u t I a lw ays th in k Russian sable is a wee b it the m ost casual nowadays. O r, i f

boud, K h a rto u m , R epub lic o f Sudan; A . H . Hussein, M ogadishu, S om ali R epub lic ; H am an i B io r i, N iam ey, N ig e r; D r. J u liu s N yerere, Daressalaam, T ang an y ika ; P. T . A . H abte -W old , A dd is Ababa, E th io ­p ia ; P h ilb e r t Tsiranana, Tanana­r ive , M alagasy R epub lic ; N icolas G ru n itz k y , Lom e, R epub lic of Togo.

Gwendolyn M allett, Chairman 3303 Stnrtevant, D etro it 6, Mich.

For DeBerry and ShawN ew Y o rk , N .Y .

T he la rge bodies o f w h ite w o rk ­ers, w ho now show the effects o f the decades upon decades o f rac is t in d o c tr in a tio n poured lib e ra lly upon them b y the powers-that-be, can and w i l l lea rn m uch fro m the m il i ta n t strugg les o f th e ir b lack fe llo w s w orke rs .

T h is fa c t is to ta lly in com pre­hensib le to the la b o r statesman, “ respectable a n d responsib le” c iv il- r ig h ts o ff ic ia ls and the la rge n u m ber o f lib e ra l, social-dem ocrat and used-to-be rad ica l elements. T h e ir fa ilu re to apprecia te o r to unders tand the needs o f the Negro people is evidence o f (and cannot be separated fro m ) th e ir fa ilu re to understand the needs o f the w h ite w orkers .

W h ile , as a w h ite w o rke r, I can apprecia te the advantage o f m y po s ition in re la tio n to th a t o f a

N egro ’s in th is society, I can also f in d m uch in com m on w ith h im and the re fo re suppo rt h is d r iv e s fo r to ta l freedom seeing th e re in the fu lf i l lm e n t o f m y ow n needs as a hum an being.

To a lesser e x te n t a t th is tim e w h ite w o rke rs , especia lly young people, s u ffe r the fru s tra t io n s fro m la ck o f jobs to be had. O u r ren ts are h igh and o u r homes su f­fe r fro m in fe s ta tio n and age. The la ck o f m ed ica l services depletes the m odest savings th a t can he rea lized w ith the cost o f l iv in g and the inadequate salaries. T he a lm ost to ta l im p o s s ib ility to fu r th ­e r one’s education, c u ltu ra l a b il­itie s and fu tu re p lan n in g , due to the type o f society g iven to w o rk ­in g people in th is “ go lden age,” leads to the to ta l de m ora liza tion o f m any.

F o r these reasons I am suppo rt­in g the o n ly candidates w ho p u t fo r th a p rogram w ith m ean ing fo r a co n tin u in g society. The S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty m ay no t w in w ith D e B e rry and Shaw b u t the y cer­ta in ly p ro v id e the o n ly choice open fo r those w h o are serious in w a n tin g a b e tte r w o rld . The m a jo r candidates p ro v id e no choice but ju s t and echo o f w h a t w e have been g iven in the past, w a r, pove r­ty , racism , disease and to ta l cyn ­ic ism tow ards the o ve rw h e lm in g m a jo r ity o f the people.

I m ay have to w o rk fo r them to m ake a liv in g b u t I ’ l l be dam ned i f I ’l l vote fo r them .

B ill H art

I t W as Reported in the P r e s sy o u r legs aren ’t good, p lay cagey and o rd e r the breeches in satin w ith a sleeveless sable sw eater.”

Cops at W ork — Ten m embers o f the 59-man po lice fo rce in B r is ­to l, Conn., have resigned o r been suspended. T hey have been charged w ith ope ra ting as a shop- lo o tin g r in g fo r the past seven years. N ig h t-s h ift pa tro lm e n w ou ld e ith e r f in d shops w ith doors le f t un locked o r j im m y them open. T he po lice lie u te n a n t on d u ty w o u ld be ca lled to the scene, ac­co rd ing to the charges, and his ca r w o u ld be used to c a rry o ff goods fro m the shop. The take w o u ld then be d iv ide d u p among the m em ber o f the gang.

H o w -S illy -C an-Y o u -G ct Dep’t— The W orker, voice o f the Com ­m un is t P a rty , tr ie s to com bine as­sertions th a t i t isn ’t suppo rting Johnson w ith ra th e r heavy-handed e ffo rts to w h itew a sh D em ocra tic w a rm ongering . E xam p le : JamesReston o f the New Y o rk T im es disclosed th a t m em bers o f the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n w ere con­s ide ring the idea o f p ro vo k in g an “ in c id e n t” in T o n k in g G u lf. The Oct. 6 W o rke r responded w ith th is b it o f p o lit ic a l nonsense: “ These disclosures ra ise questions con­cern ing the existence o f a Gold- w a te r-u ltra -r ig h t f i f t h co lum n . . .

one o f B a rry G o ld w a te r’s closest p o lit ic a l advisers re c e n tly w ro te a book w h ic h boasted th a t a ll th a t was needed to w in co n tro l any­w here was to have one o r tw o . . . in f i lt ra to rs in the opposition .” W e hear th a t Lyn d o n Johnson, w h o ordered the bom bing o f N o rth V ie tnam , is a m em ber o f the Goldr w a te r f i f th colum n.

They’ll Learn H e r — M rs. Jessie D. M oore, a ca fe te ria cook in the D allas, Texas, p u b lic school sys­tem , has a 16-year-old son w h o su f­fe red an in ju r y in a fa l l w h ic h has slowed dow n h is le a rn in g capa­b i l i t y and created em o tiona l p rob- * lems. The fa m ily is pay ing $135 a m on th to send h im to a p r iv a te school. M rs. M oore w ro te a le tte r to the D a llas Tim es H e ra ld sug­gesting th a t the p u b lic school sys­tem should organize special classes fo r students w ith such handicaps.. D a llas school a u th o ritie s responded p ro m p tly to the le tte r. T hey f ire d M rs. M oore fro m he r cook’s job.

Your T ax D ollar — G ove rnm en t aud ito rs say A ir Force wasted $1.8 m il lio n in the leasing o f tru c k s fo r the use o f the Boeing Corp. a t U.S. m iss ile sites. The f ig u re c ite d is the am oun t by w h ich the re n ta l charges exceeded w h a t i t w o u ld have cost to buy the tru cks in the f ir s t place.

Thought for the Week“ B y the 1960s, few enough A m e rica n in te lle c tua ls had i t w ith in

them to be ashamed th a t th e ir d iscovery o f the ‘b e tra ya l’ o f the Cuban R e vo lu tion by Castro ju s t happened to coincide w ith the change o f heart o f o f f ic ia l A m erican governm ent po licy .” — P la y w r ig h t L o rra in e H ansberry , discussing he r new p lay , “ The S ign in S idney B ru s te in ’s W in d o w ,” in the Oct. 11 N ew Y o rk T im es.

SPECIAL $1 INTRODUCTORY OFFERTo reach the widest audience with our

coverage of tha Freedom Now Movement we are offering a 4-month introductory subscription to The M ilitant for $1. ($1.50 outside of the U.S.)

Name

Street

C ity ...

Zone

State

Send to The M ilita n t, 116 U nivers ity Place, New Y o rk 3, N . Y .

Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, October 19, 1964

N E W Y O R K , Oct. 12 — New Y o rk C ity po lice have shot an­o th e r P ue rto R ican. T h is tim e, Eugene F orestie r, 30, was shot dead Oct. 11 by D e tective John K e l ly in F o res tie r’s apa rtm en t in uppe r M anha ttan . The v ic t im ’s m othe r, M rs. S in fo rosa F orestie r says her son was handcuffed w hen he was shot.

A cco rd in g to the po lice, M rs. F o res tie r he rse lf tu rn e d in a com ­p la in t against he r son, cha rg ing th a t he had sto len m oney from he r purse. P olice said she la te r denied he r son had sto len the m oney. She confessed th a t she had made up the s to ry because she was desperate about he r son’s n a r­co tic h a b it and tho ugh t a ja i l te rm w o u ld enable h im to b reak it .

In any case, detectives P a tr ic k T w om e y and K e l ly a rr iv e d at the F o res tie r ap a rtm en t Oct. 11 to a r­res t the young m an on the ro b ­b e ry charge. M rs. F o res tie r said the tw o cops took he r son fro m h is bed, handcu ffed h im and beat h im . W hen she objected she was pushed o u t the door, she said, and heard he r son c ry : “ M am a! H e lp me, M am a! T h e y ’re k i l l in g m e.” Then she heard the shot w h ich k i l le d h e r son.

T he detectives te ll a s lig h tly d if fe re n t s tory. They c la im F o re ­s tie r grabbed the handcu ffs be­fo re the y w ere closed on his w ris ts and sw ung them a t K e l ly w ho then d re w h is gun w h ich “ d is­charged as a re su lt o f the s trug ­gle.”

M eanw h ile , D e pu ty P olice Com ­m issioner W a lte r A rm has a d m it­ted th a t another P ue rto R ican v ic t im o f a cop’s bu lle ts was an innocen t v ic t im o f “ m istaken iden­t i t y . ” T he v ic t im , 22-year.o ld G rego ry C ruz, was shot three tim es Sept. 9 by D e tec tive John

C. D e v lin . D e v lin was “ staked o u t” in a tra p fo r a m ugg ing su­spect w hen he stopped C ruz who happened by. A cco rd in g to w i t ­nesses, the p la inc lo thes cop fa iled to id e n tify h im se lf b u t proceeded to search and beat C ruz w ith his fis ts . W hen Cruz, w ho tho ugh t he was be ing attacked by a deranged person, resisted and ran, the cop shot h im . C ruz was arrested, charged w ith assaulting the cop w ith a p a ir o f p lie rs , and placed in a hosp ita l prison w ard.

C ruz, however, was w e ll know n in his L o w e r East Side ne ighbo r­hood as a “ good, qu ie t boy” and a B ib le s tudent. A n inves tiga tion was begun and eye-witnesses came fo r th w ho cha llenged the police re p o rt o f the inc iden t. D e v lin was suspended fo r “ excessive use of force,” and a fte r a m onth Cruz was trans fe rre d to an unguarded bed to recover fro m b u lle t wounds in the stomach, a rm and leg. Doc­tors say the you th m ay never use his a rm again.

By George SaundersAs the mood o f m il ita n t pro test

spreads among Saigon w orkers , i t is s ig n if ic a n t th a t an A m erican - owned com pany, financed by the U.S. “ a id ” m ission in South V ie t­nam , has emerged as the cen tra l ta rge t o f the w o rke rs ’ protests.

The V im y te x com pany, w h ich operates a la rge te x t ile p la n t on the o u tsk irts o f Saigon, f i r s t came in to the news when w o rke rs ’ g r ie v ­ances against i t became the im ­m edia te issue o f the Sept. 21-22 general s trike . T h a t s tr ik e m arked the e n try o f the mass o f Saigon w o rke rs onto the p o lit ic a l stage fo r the f irs t tim e in a ll the years o f the D iem d ic ta to rsh ip , the c iv i l w a r and U.S. in te rven tion .

Lock O utV im y te x had locked ou t 1,500

o f its 2,000 employes in the wake o f d ic ta to r K h a n h ’s A ug . 7 p roc la ­m a tion o f a state o f emergency. T he em ergency decrees, among o the r th ings, p ro h ib ite d s trikes. In the tu rb u le n t atm osphere fo llo w ­in g dem onstra tions la te in A ugust, w h ic h b r ie f ly knocked Gen. K ha nh ou t o f power, the w o rk in g class o f Saigon took up the cause o f the V im y te x w orkers .

The ran k -an d -file w o rke rs o f the c ity fo rced the leaders o f the V ie t­nam C onfedera tion o f La bo r (C V T ) to ca ll the genera l s trike . In the face o f th is action, V im y te x backed dow n and agreed to re h ire the locked-out w orkers . B u t w hen the s tr ik e was ca lled o ff, V im y te x backtracked , re fu s in g to h ire some 200 em ployes, in c lu d in g the un ion leaders in the p lan t.

W hen C V T o ffic ia ls re lu c ta n tly ca lled fo r new dem onstrations, K ha nh stepped in ha rd on the com ­pany ’s side, w a rn in g th a t he w o u ld use troops against any “ th rea ts to pu b lic o rd e r.”

M eanw h ile , the U.S. embassy in

G ot Hung Up With State Dept.

The Gov't vs. Thorsten KrebsBy H arry Ring

N E W Y O R K — Thors ten K rebs, w h o celebrates h is s ix th b ir th d a y on Oct. 29, en joys the un ique, i f dubious, d is tin c tio n o f be ing A m e r­ica ’s youngest v ic t im o f reac tion ­a ry fed e ra l regulations.

O n A ug . 14 a t K ennedy In te r ­n a tio n a l A irp o r t , Thorsten was handed a le tte r fro m A bb a P. S chw artz , A d m in is tra to r o f the B ureau o f S ecu rity and C onsu lar A ffa irs o f the U.S. State D e pa rt­m ent. I t o f f ic ia lly advised T h o r­sten th a t h is passport was w ith ­d raw n . I t exp la ined : “ T h is action is based upon in fo rm a tio n th a t you rece n tly trave led to Cuba in v io la ­t io n o f the res tr ic tio ns conta ined in P u b lic N o tice 179.”

A postage-free envelope was en­closed fo r h is convenience in re ­tu rn in g the passport. He was fu r th ­e r advised th a t he could, i f he w ished, appeal the decision.

On w h a t basis Thors ten can ap­peal is n o t clear. He d id go to Cuba in v io la tio n o f the trave l-ban b u t i t w asn’t h is ow n de libe ra te act o f defiance. H is parents, A lle n and Sharon, w ere among the 84 young A m ericans w ho decided to go to Cuba th is sum m er in de­fiance o f the ban. They w anted to tes t the le g a lity o f the cu rb on freedom o f tra v e l and they w anted to see fo r themselves w h a t Cuba is re a lly like . A nd , as the y usua lly do w hen they go somewhere, they too k Thors ten along.

H ow ever, i f Thorsten does ap­peal he can’t c la im in good con­science tha t he w e n t against his w i l l . A n d he c e rta in ly en joyed the tr ip . In fact, as the youngest o f the g roup o f young A m ericans on the to u r he was som eth ing o f a c e le b rity and a ttrac ted a good b it o f a tte n tio n fro m Cuban newsmen,

photographers and rad io in te r­v iewers.

W hen they a rr iv e d a t the a ir ­po rt, a Radio Havana rep o rte r spotted h im and q u ic k ly p u t a m ike in f ro n t o f h im . Thorsten, an a rtic u la te young man, declared: “ H e llo , Cuban k ids ,” Asked w h a t he w anted to see in Cuba, he p ro m p tly declared, “ The zoo.”

Thorsten, w ho recen tly liv e d fo r tw o years w ith h is parents in

Saigon Unionists Visit O ffic ia l

R an k-an d -file Saigon un­ionists demonstrated they mean business about re-es­tablishing the ir rights when three hundred marched w ith clubs, crowbars and shovels on the office of Nguyen Khanh Van, secretary gen­eral of the V ietnam Labor Union. They charged he was a stooge of the late, hated tyrant D iem and that he had sold out the union. Van held off the unionists by pulling the pin on a hand grenade and holding it aloft. Police fin a lly removed him from the building in a truck and the unionists marched into the headquarters.

Saigon became in c rea s ing ly d is­tu rbe d as the U.S.-owned com pany became the sym bol o f an ti-labo r practices to Saigon’s un ion m ove­m ent. Embassy o ffic ia ls applied peacem aking pressures. The com­pany agreed to re h ire the un ion leaders, a lthough C V T o ffic ia ls com pla ined i t gave no com m it­m en t in w r it in g . B u t U.S. o ff ic ia ls w ere hope fu l th a t the d ispu te had ended “ w ith o u t an exp losive m arch th ro u g h the streets.”

Special PrivilegesW hatever the d ispu te ’s outcome,

however, i t b ro ug h t to lig h t m any facts about the special p riv ileges A m erican b ig business is ge tting in South V ie tn am w h ile A m erican G Is d ie in the jung les.

V im y te x was organized w ith the

b a c k in g ' o f the Ngo D in h D iem governm ent and the U.S. Agency fo r In te rn a tio n a l D evelopm ent ( A ID ) . D iem ’s governm ent g ra n t­ed the com pany lib e ra l investm en t cond itions and ta x exem ptions. A ID o ffic ia ls in Saigon made fa v ­orable arrangem ents fo r the com­pany ’s im p o rt o f A m erican te x t ile m ach inery . The U.S. O perations M ission (U S O M ), w h ich handles U.S. economic and techn ica l “ a id ,” to South V ie tnam , loaned V im y ­tex $6 m illio n fo r new m ach inery , the m ost m odern looms ava ilab le . V im y te x is now the la rgest te x t ile producer in South V ie tnam .

U.S. Investo rs

V im y te x is ty p ic a l o f the “ A m er- ican-V ie tnam ” m ixe d companies created by U.S. “ a id .” T a x do lla rs fro m the p u b lic treasu ry are used to pave the w a y fo r p r iv a te in ­vestm ent. Supposedly, V ietnam ese cap ita l m ust b y la w co n tro l 51 percen t o f such a com pany. B u t in fact, b ig U.S. investors — whose investm ents in “ fr ie n d ly ” coun­tr ie s A ID re g u la r ly arranges — are able to ob ta in m a jo r ity con tro l.

U.S. “ a id ” prpvides o th e r ad­vantages fo r A m erican investors in V ie tnam . V im y te x , fo r exam ple, gets U.S. su rp lus cotton cheap ly — o u r taxes pay ing the p rice sub­sidies on it. U.S. cap ita l also bene­f its fro m V ie tn a m ’s cheap la b o r and the U .S.-supported d ic ta to rsh ip to keep i t in line.

V im y te x h ires m os tly g ir ls . I t houses them in barracks, feeds them in a com pany cafe te ria , and pays them a l l o f 65£ a day. There, on the o u ts k ir ts o f Saigon, is a classical U.S. com pany tow n . Is i t any w onder so m any V ietnam ese are f ig h t in g the U.S. ve rs ion o f “ dem ocracy.”

Michigan Socialist Candidates Widely Heard on TV, Radio

H a r r y R in g

Thorsten Krebs

Lebanon w here they were s tud y­ing, has tra ve lle d ex te ns ive ly in the M ideast and Europe. He has taken in a good nu m be r o f zoos in h is trave ls and reports he was fa v o ra b ly im pressed by the one in Havana. He d id have the uncom ­fo rta b le fee ling , though, th a t the iguanas w ere a b it too la rge to be ru n n in g around loose.

A ttra c te d by m ach in e ry and th ings m echan ical, Thors ten en­jo yed the group v is its to va rious Cuban factories. He also lik e d the bus tr ip s around the is land.

T rip HighlightA h ig h lig h t o f the v is it fo r h im

came in Las V illa s w here he v is it ­ed a seven-year-old Cuban g ir l w ho had w r it te n h im a fan le tte r a fte r hearing h im in te rv ie w e d on Radio Havana. She doesn’t speak any E ng lish and T hors ten ’s Span­ish is l im ite d to “ N o H ab la Es- p a iio l.” B u t h is parents re p o rt the tw o c h ild re n got along fam ously.

Thors ten was fa v o ra b ly im ­pressed by Cuba’s new social sys­tem. On one fa rm w here he ex­pressed a d m ira tio n fo r some lu s . c ious-looking bananas g ro w in g on a tree, one o f the w o rke rs reached up and p icked one fo r h im . “ T h a t’s s tea ling ,” T h o r s t e n protested. “ No,” the w o rk e r rep lied , “ i t ’s so­c ia lism .” “ T h a t’s grea t,” declared Thorsten.

Thorsten w o u ld lik e to v is it Cuba again. B u t, o f course, there are problem s. Even i f the tra v e l ban is lif te d , he s t i l l has to get h is passport back.

W il l the tra v e l ban be lifte d ? W il l Thorsten get h is passport back? W il l he get to g ro w up in a ra tio n a l w o r ld w here such reac­tio n a ry res tr ic tio ns on e lem entary r ig h ts w i l l be unknow n? T h a t’s re a lly up to you.

D E T R O IT — S ocia lis t W orkers P a rty candidates here fo r Con­gress and state o ffic e have been g ranted a to ta l o f f iv e hours free rad io and T V tim e up to Oct. 12. A b o u t h a lf o f th is tim e has gone to F ra n k L o v e ll, candidate fo r governor. S tations in over ten c ities, in c lu d in g B a ttle Creek, A n n A rb o r, Lans ing and G rand Rapids, have a llo tted h im tim e.

Jan G a rre tt, SW P candidate fo r Secre tary o f State, in a rad io broadcast in B a ttle C reek said: “ As the person em powered to g ra n t licenses fo r m o to r vehicles and m o to r.ve h ic le dealers, the S ecre tary should re fuse licenses to a ll au to dealers w h o fa i l to h ire Negro em ployes a t wages equal w ith w h ites and in such num bers as to correspond to the ra t io of Negroes to w h ites in the popu la­tio n o f the c ity o r to w n w here the dealer is located.

Publish Laws“ As re g u la to r o f savings and

loans associations . . . he should see th a t w o rk in g people w h o bo r­row m oney don ’t have to pay any m ore in te res t than is necessary to pay the c le rica l employes o f the savings and loan association. A s o f­f ic ia l in charge o f state p u b lica ­tion , he should com pile and pub­lish , in c lear, s im ple, unders tand­able fo rm , those oppressive a n ti­la bo r law s w h ich are s t i l l on the M ich iga n books . . . w ith h e lp fu l suggestions as to how the w o rk ­in g people can organize and cam-

. pa ign to get them n u lli f ie d o r re ­pealed.

“ A vote fo r the SW P M ich igan candidates is m ore than a vo te to have m os tly techn ica l jobs done w e ll. I t is a vote against an en tire system w h ich th row s m illio n s ou t o f jobs the w o rld around, w h ich slaughters the colored m illio n s now r is in g up in Asia , A fr ic a and

L a tin A m erica , w h ich b rings us to the b r in k o f a n n ih ila tio n w ith in ­vasions o f Cuba and aggressions against V ie tnam . Unless th is sys­tem is abolished, the re w i l l be no th in g b u t nuc lear ashes to ad­m in is te r.”

R obert F in k , SW P cand idate fo r A tto rn e y G enera l said: “ Instead o f p rosecu ting w o rk in g people, the unem ployed and m in o r ity groups, w ho in m ost cases are d r ive n to p e tty il le g a l acts by the e x p lo ita ­tio n and oppression they su ffe r, I w o u ld show them sym pa thy and unders tand ing .”

H e n ry A u s tin , a s tee lw o rke r and SW P candidate fo r Congress fro m the 16th D is tr ic t, said in a b r ie f speech over D e tro it te lev is ion th a t w o rke rs need th e ir ow n represen­ta tives in Congress, th e ir ow n p a r­ty to represent them .

Frank Lovell

Saigon Labor Hits U.S.-Owned SweatshopIt Pays a Big 65 Cents a DayCops in New York Kill

Another Puerto Rican