Europe, Africa, and Asia

The Beginnings of our Global Age

Why Europeans Searched for Spices

PortugalWho takes the lead and encourages

exploration?

Prince Henry

Prince Henry decides to explore Portugal

Wants to make Portugal a world power and hoped to convert people to Christianity.

He encourages advances in mapmaking (cartography) and navigation

He maps out the African coastLegacy: oes succeed in making Portugal a

world power but does not succeed in spreading Christianity.

Seeking IndiaWho is the Portuguese explorer that

connects to India?

Vasco da Gama

Early explorers could not navigate from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and into the Indian Ocean. The Suez Canal was not artificially manufactured until the 1860’s. This man made canal further connected Eastern Europe to Asia.

Seeking India

Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama finds India

Acquires a large cargo ship of Spices that proves to be highly profitable

Creates a vast empire and trade routes that are open to the world

Other Explorers?Who is this guy? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raPLzhzxAeU&safety_mode

=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Christopher ColumbusMain accomplishments of Columbus

first European (except for the Vikings) to reach the Americas; he motivated other explorers

Treaty of Tordesillas Treaty of Tordesillas affected competition

among European nations It intensified competitionEuropean nations felt they needed to claim

land quickly before there was nothing left Line of Demarcation: divided European

and non-European countries into 2 zones controlled by Spain and Portugal

Section 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa

Effects of European ExplorationWhat effects did European exploration have on the people of Africa?Pgs. 90-93

European Footholds

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Slave Trade

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New African States

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Sec. 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa

Europeans set up posts along Africa’s coast -bases to repair and resupply ships

European Slave Trade—plantations—large estates, Europeans bought large #s of slaves to work for them.

Expansion encourages Slave TradeAfrican nations competed to dominate the

slave tradeAfrican leaders resisted, but in the end were

not successful.

New African StatesDepended on slave trade and waged war on

neighboring tribes in order to dominate the slave trade.

Asante KingdomOsei Tutu: trading city of KumasiConquered neighboring kingdoms and unifiedTraded with Europeans exchanging gold and slaves for

firearmsOyo empire

Present day NigeriaTraded with Europeans and built an army to establish

control.Traded at the port city of Porto-Novo

MONOPOLY: is the exclusive control of a business or industry.

Cape Town• Dutch immigrants built Cape Town—the first

permanent European settlement• Gave sailors a direct route to Asia• Used to supply ships sailing to and from the

East Indies• Boers: Dutch farmers who settled around Cape

Town—felt Africans were inferior

Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia

How Did European Nations Build Empires in South and Southeast Asia?Pgs. 95-98

Portugal

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Netherlands

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Spain

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Britain

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Portugal Builds an Eastern EmpirePortugal first gained a foothold in Asia through

Vasco da Gama. Portuguese ships had unmatched powerful

cannons allowing them to gain control of the Indian Ocean and spice trade.

Afonso de Albuquerque was able to gain favor with portions of Southern India.

Goa: major military and commercial base for Portugal off the coast of India.

Port Malacca: outpost in the East Indies.Outposts: distant areas under Portuguese

control.

Portugal’s Legacy in the AreaWas Portugal successful in making inroads into the region? Why?

Mughal Empire

Netherlands: DutchDutch are able to establish STRONG

presence in the regionStrong Sea Power: used military forceDutch East India Company—formed by

wealthy Dutch merchants. Sovereign powers…allowing them to build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory.

Set up to protect trade by the DutchCaptured Malaca from PortugueseInfluence remained up to 1900’s

Spain Seizes the Philippines

Foothold in the Philippines: Filipinos were not united making it easier for Spain to gain control.

Spanish shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru across the Pacific to the Philippines. They used the silver to buy goods in China. Large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asian nations.

Mughal India and European Traders

Mughals: largest, richest, most powerful kingdom in Europe.

Mughals allowed Dutch, Portuguese, French, and British traders to set up coastal ports, warehouses in Indian coastal towns.

Religious conflict between Hindu and Muslim princes rekindled and civil war depleted resources.

British and French established allegiances and organized company’s of sepoys: Indian troops.

Power-Shift: the infighting, corruption, and conflict lead to British and Frances power. Britain and France then begin engaging in conflict and competition.

Section 4: Encounters in East Asia

European Contact With Ming ChinaPortugal reached China from their Malaccan

base in 1514.Limitations on trade

China’s textiles and metalwork were superior to Europeans.

Demanded payment in gold or silver.Allowed one solitary location to trade at

Macao in present day Guangzhou. Dutch, English and other Europeans traded

under the supervision of imperial officials.

Matteo RicciJesuit priest born in Italy.Made a strong impression

on the Chinese.Jesuits, and other priests

had little success spreading their religious beliefs in China.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mav-rG-z3O4&feature=player_embedded

The Manchu ConquestManchus: ruled a region in the northeast,

Manchuria, that had been influenced by Chinese civilization.

Manchu armies seized Beijing and made it their capital. (1644)

Qing Dynasty: adopted Confucian system of government. Shared government positions…1 Qing, 1 Chinese

Kangxi extended Chinese power in Central Asia and promoted Chinese culture.

Qianlong (Kangxi grand-son) expanded China’s borders to rule the largest are in their history.

ManchuSpreading Peace and Prosperity

Economy expandedAgriculture: crops from Americas were

successfully introduced.Ag-Boom led to increased population

140 Million 1740 to 300 Million 1800

Rejecting Contact With Europeans Qianlong rejected trade from westerners

(Ming). Lord Macartney (British) is an example of how not to interact. What happened?

Analyze the decisions of Chinese trade.

Korea: The “Hermit Kingdom”Why was Korea known as the “Hermit

Kingdom”Pg. 102

Foreign Traders in JapanPortuguese, Dutch, Spanish, and British

welcomed.Traded for firearms to aid in control of people

Jesuits: Francis Xavier spread ChristianityJapanese questioned allegiance of Christians.

Welcomed the printing press.Tokugawas expelled missionaries and killed

thousands of Japanese Christians.Japan outlawed building large ships, and forbade

travel.Nagasaki harbor: permitted Dutch ships to trade to

keep informed on worldly affairs. Why the Dutch?