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The bees and the honey

Looking behind the optimistic statistics

Enwise Valorisation Conference, Tallinn, 9 September 2004

Camilla Gidlöf

Women and Science Unit, European Commission

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R&D Statistics in the Enwise countries

ETAN-report and Helsinki Group of Women and Science identified the need for statistics on women's participation in science in Europe

Statistical Correspondents established in 2000

Enwise countries involved in these two groups from the start

Statistics generally of good quality in Enwise countries

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Latvia 52%Lithuania 47%Bulgaria 46%Portugal 44%Estonia 43%Romania 43%Greece 41%Slovak Republic (1) 40%

Sweden 38%Poland 38%Slovenia 36%United Kingdom 35%Spain 35%Hungary 33%Belgium (3) 30%Luxembourg (2) 30%Ireland 29%Finland 28%Italy 27%Netherlands (1) 27%France 27%Czech Republic 27%Denmark 26%

Austria 19%Germany (1) 15%

Percentage of women researchers

gender balance

40-59% women

gender imbalance

20-39% women

% women

major gender imbalance

< 20 % women

Germany: 15% women researchers

Latvia: 52% women researchers

Reference year: 2000 (EU-15) and 2001 (Enwise countries)

Exceptions to reference years: EU-15: BE: 2001; DK (BES), DE (BES), EL, ES (BES), IE (GOV & BES), PT, SE (GOV): 1999; AT: 1998

Data missing: BE, NL (GOV & BES missing); LU, SE, UK (BES missing).

Footnotes:

(1) FTE as exception to HC: DE; IE (GOV + BES); NL (HES); SE (GOV); SK

(2) Data provisional

(3) Data not official

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Percentage of women as researchers and FP evaluators

26%

34% 33%

38%

22%

17%

27%

23%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Researchers FP5 Experts in database FP5 Expert evaluators FP6 Experts in database

% Women

Enwise-10

EU-15

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Women researchers in the Enwise countries in 2001 (%)

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Women researchers in the Enwise countries plus France, Finland & Portugal in 2001 (HC)

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Women in a wider employment perspective, 2002

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Researchers across sectors, 2001

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Researchers across sectors, 2001

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Researchers across sectors, 2001

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Women researchers by main field of science, 2000

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Women researchers by main field of science, 2000

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R&D expenditure per capita researcher by field of science, Euros per annum, HES + GOV, 2000

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R&D expenditure per capita researcher by field of science, Euros per annum, HES + GOV, 2000

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R&D expenditure per capita researcher by field of science, Euros per annum, HES + GOV, 2000

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R&D expenditure per capita researcher by sector, Euros per annum,2001

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Reference year: EU-15: 2000, Enwise countries: 2001

Source: Eurostat S&T statistics, * FTE as exception to HC

Percentage of women researchers (headcount)compared toR&D expenditure per capita researcher (women & men) per annum

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Latvia Lithuania Bulgaria Estonia Romania SlovakRepublic *

Poland Enwise-10

Slovenia Hungary EU-15 CzechRepublic

% Women

0

50000

100000

150000

200000Euros

% Women

R&D Expenditure

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Honeypot scores by sector & field of science

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Correlation between Honeypot scores by sector and Gross expenditure on R&D per capita Researcher, 2001

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Gender Pay Gap

Slovak Republic: Women´s salaries as a percentage of men´s salaries

Lithuania: Monthly Gross Earnings 2001

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Opening doors in Poland?

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Particular characteristics of the context of R&D in Enwise countries that can be seen in the statistics

Higher representation of women among researchers than EU-15

Slightly higher participation of women in the labour force than in EU-15

Much higher proportions of women among Professionals (ISCO-2 ) than EU-15

Apart from Poland, Hungary and Romania populations, labour forces and research populations relatively small

R&D expenditure in absolute terms and per capita researcher far lower than in EU-15 in all countries except Slovenia

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What did we learn?

Higher representation of women does not necessarily mean less inequality Unequal access for women researchers to R&D funds

Need more information on gender pay gap

Source: Lendvai, Ildikó (2002). ’Women on the stage and in the audience of politics’, Népszabdság, 01.02.2002, Budapest

“OK ladies! Now those who vote for the future should raise their hands!”