The Bed Bug Resurgence · 20 Movement Between Units is a Big Problem in Multi-Occupancy Settings Adjacent units infested 25% of the time Bed Bugs Move! • Research has indicated

Richard Cooper 8/13/2018

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Jeffrey WhiteBedBug Central

[email protected]

The “Why” of Bed Bugs: Why Here, Why Now and Why is This So Hard!

The Bed Bug Resurgence

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_human_population_density_map.png

Prior to WWII….Look in a Mirror

https://www.loc.gov/item/00652100/

https://www.diomedia.com/stock-photo-hortus-sanitatis-image19956256.html Photo is screen capture taken from Amazon patent art picture


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The Age of DDT

https://www.techletter.com/Archive/Technical%20Articles/bedbugcomeback.html

https://www.pattontermiteandpest.com/bed-bug-control-101/http://21sci-tech.com/articles/Fall02/Mosquitoes.html

The Age of DDT

AP Photo: J. Walter Greenhttps://www.bedbugsupply.com/blog/treatments/the-future-of-bed-bug-treatments/

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13829937

But It Wasn’t Just DDT


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Or Was It the Liberal Usage???

Where Did They Come From???

https://www.travelvaccinationclinic.com.au/destinations-advice/vaccinations-for-india/

https://www.mapsland.com/north-america/central-america-and-the-caribbean/detailed-political-map-of-central-america

http://adventuretransylvania.com/tours/medieval-transylvania-castles/

https://www.nycgo.com/museums-galleries/statue-of-liberty-national-monument

"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses

yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your

teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,

I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"


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Reports Start to Increase

© Copyright Bed Bug Central

2006 Bed Bugs Get Going!

Bed Bugs Are Back! All 50 states are reporting problems Degree of problems are regional and difficult to

predict Issues by country are also unpredictable – some

Caribbean Islands have issues but not others– Japan does not have a huge issue – monoculture– UAE/Dubai some issues in oil fields – migrant

workers– Europe – depends on the country


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Total Initial Bed Bug Services by Month

There are lots of other ways that bed bugscan find their way into homes...

• Travel (business or leisure)• Overnight guests• Camps and day care• At school or college• The work place • Consignment shops, flea markets, garage sales...• In house services (nanny’s, cleaning services, home

health care...)• Laundromats, public transportation, theaters etc....


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Humans greatest enemy is….

IGNORANCE!!!

Where are bed bugs being found?

Apartments & Condos


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Coming to Home Near You


Bed BugsGo

Where People Go!

Bed Bugs in Hospitals & Health Institutions


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Bed Bugs in Schools


Bed Bugs in the Work PlaceGothamist March 8, 2008

• Fox Newsroom • Bill Clinton’s Office• Saatchi & Saatchi• IRS Offices

• United Nations• Penguin Books• Goldman Sachs• Universal Recording Studios...

Rapidly Reservoiring in the Lower Socio Economic Center!

Shelters & Group homes,Section 8 (affordable housing),

Slumlords, and Congested urban areas


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Rutgers ResearchSurveyed 2,372 affordable housing

apartments in 43 buildings in 4 cities in NJ

Wang et al, 2016

• Found that the range of infestations by property was 3.8% to 29.5%

• An average of 12.3% have bed bugs

How Much Damage Can One Person Do?

Rutgers ResearchIn a high-rise senior living building, approximately 71% of residents were

unaware they had bed bugs

Study supports the statement to property managers: “however many infestations you know of, you probably have 2-3 times that”

Cooper et al., 2015


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Booth et al. – NC State• Study looked at genetic relationship within

and among buildings• Found that most infestations within a

building are related• Found that infestations from building to

building are highly unrelated

Proactive Inspections!!!

Bite Symptoms!

Response to bed bug bitesRows and clusters – exposed

skin surfacesEverybody reacts differentlyBed bugs only feed once every

few days Easily confused with other

reactionsNever use bites to definitively

identify a problem!

Bed Bug Bites - Overview


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Reaction to bites• Univ. of Sheffield study

– 46% exhibited delayed symptoms (7-11 days after bites occurred)

– 54% participants did not react at all to first bites

• Univ. of Kentucky– 30% did not react– Only age group that reacted less

than everyone else was senior citizens

Delayed or No Reaction to Bites

Bed Bugs and Disease• Have not been documented to transmit

disease in the field• Two diseases transmitted in lab settings:

–Chagas disease–Trench Fever

Medical Entomologists believe it to be highly unlikely to happen in the field

Bed bugs may not transmit diseasebut they are an Emotional Experience!

Image by Richard Naylor www.sophistishe.com


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Bed Bug Lawsuitswww.aad.org

www.iahealth.net


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$49,000 Awarded to Family for

Damages From Bed Bug Infested

Furniture

It’s Not As Scary As It Seems• Documentation

–Extent of infestation at start–Products used–Obstacles encountered

• Common Sense–Lawyers don’t want tough cases–Sound protocol with sound products

Do you know what you need to know?

&Are you ready for the

challenge?


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Adults:

• ¼” long• Oval• Flat• Reddish brown

Harold Harlan

Bed Bug Life Cycle

Bed Bug Development Egg to Adult

– 64oF – 60 days– 82oF – 14 days (Johnson, 1941)

Females can lay 1-5 eggs/day Impossible to say how long and infestation has been

present– You never know how many were introduced– If 5 bugs were introduced in may take 2 months to achieve 100

bugs– If 50 bugs were introduced it may only take 2 weeks


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What Do Bed Bugs Feed On? Mosquitoes – only female feeds on blood Fleas – only adults feed on blood Bed bugs – all stages feed on blood

– Humans– Dogs and Cats– Birds/chickens– Rabbits

Infestation Levels• Distribution of infestations in your

average apartment complex–Low: less than 20 bugs (70%)–Moderate: 21-100 bugs (20%)–High: over 100 bugs (10%)

Majority of bed bugs associated with sleeping areas


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Sofas are Upholstered Furniture are also Commonly Infested

Rutgers research found that about 15% of the time bed bugs are only found in the

couch (BBC documented as high as 30%)!

Bed Bugs Inhabit Areas of Least

Disruption First

Residential: Apartments & Houses


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Residential: Apartments & Houses

Amongst personal belongings,behind/under furniture…

Image by Jeff White

Image by Jeff WhiteImage by Jeff White

Bugs & Eggs inside Video

Tapes in Living Room


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How Many More Did We Miss!!

Gaps behindcrown molding

Gaps beneath baseboard molding

Image by Jeff WhiteImage by Jeff White

Image by Jeff White

Image by Jeff White


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Identify if anyone sleeps on the floor

Bed Bugs and their eggs could be…

Anywhere and Everywhere!



Bed BugsMove Between Units in Multi-Occupancy

Buildings


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Movement Between Units is a Big Problem in Multi-Occupancy Settings

Adjacent units infested 25%of the time

Bed Bugs Move!• Research has indicated that bed

bugs move….just to move• Bugs found on the bed are later

found by the door and vice versa• High level infestations have to be

tackled head-onCooper et al., 2015

Vacant Apartments• Mark-recapture study found large

nymphs and adults alive in apartments 155 days after study started

• Small nymphs were found 134 days after study began

Cooper et al., 2015


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Bed Bugs in Vacant Units Present Serious Challenges!

1. Any bugs that are still present will survive for many months without a blood meal• Some will remain inactive until the unit is

occupied again (even months later)• Others may migrate to adjoining units in search

of a blood meal2. Visual inspections do not yield reliable information3. Continued treatment is unlikely to be effective

Why do we monitor and inspect?

1. To detect a new problem

2. To asses the extent of a problem

3. To evaluate the effectiveness of our control efforts

4. To help determine when a problem has been eradicated


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Questions?

Documents

The Bed Bug Resurgence · 20 Movement Between Units is a Big Problem in Multi-Occupancy Settings Adjacent units infested 25% of the time Bed Bugs Move! • Research has indicated