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The Banterra TimesIssue 1

TopicArticles

Pagesa 4-15

Harry Potter,but better

Page 16

Do we really know each

other?Page 17

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Page 3: Editorial

Page 4: Six hundred words on ENVI

Page 6: Secure Europe in a better word

Page 8: Pragmatic whoring for the win

Page 10 : Plant the future

Page 12 : The case for Minimal Intervention

Page 14 :To pollute or not to pollute

Page 16 : Harry Potter, but better

Page 17 : Do we really know each other?

Page 18 : The fine art of travelling

Page 19 :Top survival tips for the session

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Table of contents

Brought to you by:

EDITORS:Monica Mantovani (IT)Anna Borrell (ES)

VIDEO EDITOR:Carolina Comis (IT)

JOURNALISTS:Beatrice Reichel (SE)Fabrizio Colucci (IT)Henok Ghebrenigus (NL)Lewin Schmitt (DE)Matteo Falsetta (IT)Valentina Spina (IT)

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EditorialDear delegates,Welcome to Volterra 2013, the 30th National Selection Con-ference of EYP Italy. We are sure that at this point you are still thinking about your trip to get here. Flights, trains, buses and cars. You might be tired, you might want to rest for a while and not to run around with unknown people. Today, you will realise that EYP is all about this. It’s about travelling a lot to meet special people, it’s about getting tired together and sharing good moments. So what can you do now? The only advice we can give you is not to be scared of this bunch of weird people you see around, but try to get to know as many people as you can and enjoy every moment you will live here. As the time will go on, you will realise that this is a once in life experience. Someone said that “Precise beginnings are always hard to find.” Maybe this will be your beginning, the blooming of your EYP life, or maybe it will only be a fan-tastic experience. We are sure you will soon find the answer yourselves. Enjoy!

Anna Borrell Mauri (ES)Monica Mantovani (IT)

Editors of the session

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Six hundred words on ENVI

Lewin Schmitt

For vegetarians

like me, the an-

swer is rather

obvious.

In Volterra, the Committee on Environment, Public Health And Food Safety (ENVI) is confronted with the moral question about animal farming. For vegetarians like me, the answer is rather obvious. However, most people are not willing to quit eating meat, and thus it is of utmost importance that the EU comes to a sophisticating legal frameset that respects and protects animal rights.

There are many reasons to reconsider the current situation of animal farming. One of them is the approach of understanding ani-mals as sentient beings that urges for a moral responsibility to defend them from any form of suffering - physically and psychologically. Even if someone would not agree on that point, the ecological consequences of massive animal farm-ing cannot be neglected. In addition to the im-mense emission of vari-

ous greenhouse gases and the enormous water consumption, there is the destruction of pro-ductive lands in order to establish pasture area. For example, over 70% of deforestation in the amazon area was due to cattle farming.Of course, it is a rather long distance from Bra-zil to the EU, but being the world’s second big-gest meat consumers, it is our vast demand that keeps those chainsaws roaring. The regular Eu-ropean consumes more

than 80 kg of meat per year, with Cyprus taking the lead (140 kg) and Romania to the other end (35 kg).More and more people acknowledge the vegetarian attitude, and slowly, fast food chains as well as established restaurants accept the new reality and begin offering vegetarian dishes on their menus. The Committee will surely have some interesting discussions on this aspect, but their topic offers even more points to work on.The abuse of animals in the field of research has always been criticised. In contrast stands the

ENVI

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enormous importance of process, in order to find new medicine for deadly diseases. It seems reasonable to argue against the use of laborato-ry animals for things like cosmetics and beauty care, but when we might have the chance to de-velop new ways of healing cancer or other dis-eases, the value of a human life should always come first. Finally, ENVI will surely have some chal-lenging debates about cultural traditions such as the Spanish bullfighting. Personally, I can-not understand how people take satisfaction of

such a cruel spectacle, but obviously it is enjoy-able for quite a few. The EU is often blamed to demolish cultural diversity, so the delegates might want to be careful about implementing new rules that would restrict local traditions. The two chairpersons of ENVI, Monika Ghosh from the United Kingdom and Manfre-di Danielis from Italy, have put an enormous effort into the topic overview. Being stunned by the extensive research that they provided to their committee delegates, we can expect fruit-ful discussions and debates of very high quality.

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Secure Europe in a better world

Fabrizio Colucci

If we think about the level of freedom and peace of the continent we live in, we can easily realise that thanks to the creation of the EU, problems of security and defence seem more distant and minor than before. However, the burdens that affect the world and the coun-tries nearby our continent are quite a lot and the Union recently renewed its commitment to this fights improving its foreign security policy in the Lisbon Treaty. Even though the Libyan crisis gave the opportunity to use the full spectrum of the new instruments for the CSDP (Common Securi-ty and Defence Policy), it has also shown the military weaknesses of the EU in tackling such events. What transpired from the decisions tak-en and the behaviours is a streaming disunion and disorganisation, caused by the different na-tional aims of the Member States and the lack of ability of the EU as a military participant in world’s issues. The direction that the Union should take must lead towards the recognition of itself as a military power, with the obvious consequences of a change in the Security and Defense Policy and a deeper commitment for the training of a force. First, the CSDP should gather all the Member States as a unique power that works for the same aim, prohibiting the military in-tervention of a single country. France’s deploy-ment of troops in Mali and the lagged decision for the support in Libya are the latest cases of the disunion between the diversity of the na-

tional aims and the EU policy. The problem lies in the priority of security and defense in the European agenda, which is not among its exclusive competences, representing a justifica-tion for the member states to act on their own instead of following a mutual decision. The movements toward an European strategic iden-tity and the consequent recognition of the Un-ion as an actual military force, which binds all the states to follow a common aim, is the key to solving the deep disorganisation in military matter.

The movements to-ward an European

strategic identity and the consequent rec-ognition of the Un-ion as an actual mili-tary force is the key to solving the deep disorganisation in military matter.

SEDE

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As a consequence of this recognition, the great focus the EU used in the past years to create the enormous supply of humanitarian tools that we dispose of, should be also directed in the improvement of the military instruments and troops. In fact, so far the EU poured the majority of its efforts to make the humanitarian machine as powerful and effective as it could be, and considering the military part only as a support for the civilian actions. After all, this is in line with the vision of the EU’s role in the world of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs Catherine Ashton, who claims to be pri-marily humanitarian, as she repeatedly insisted in past occasions. Seeing the ineffective conclu-sion of this co-operation between civilian and

non-civilian forces for EUFOR Libya, the mili-tary capability, structure and supply should be implemented. In the case of an intervention, this will provide the independence from NATO troops, which already lamented the European allies poor defense spending and military profi-ciency. Moreover, the possession of a constant-ly trained military arsenal shrinks the time of reaction for an intervention, which are at the moment elongated due to the lack of organisa-tion. At this minimum rate of progression the European credibility in peacekeeping inter-ventions will inevitably decrease, along with its worldwide position as a unified power.

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Pragmatic whoring for the win

Henok Gebrenigus

“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to pre-vent harm to others.” It is with this famous sentence that the utili-tarian John Stuart Mill summarises his “Harm Principle” in his equally famous work On Lib-erty . It definitely forms the backbone for the Charter of Fundamental Human Rights of the European Union and many constitutions around the world. A Directive from the Eu-ropean Union scheduled to take full effect in April aims to tackle one despicable example of transgressing said principle: human trafficking.

The recent Directive is a very good first step in banning human trafficking from Europe and, eventually, the world, since it forces Member States that had no or barely any legislation con-cerning human trafficking to draft and imple-ment some. What baffles me, however, is that it has taken this long to form some sort of Eu-ropean wide legislation. Human trafficking is a global problem due to its nature and thus the benefit of having international consensus on how to battle is clear. According to the United Nations Of-fice on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the most common forms of human trafficking are sexual exploitation (79%) and forced (manual) labour (18%). For practical purposes I shall refrain from discussing any other forms of human trafficking than sexual exploitation, although I most definitely do not mean to trivialize that part of the problem. Since sexual exploitation makes up for the better part of human traffick-ing, however, simple math tells us that it is the most sensible thing to solve that issue. One way of solving the issue is, in my eyes, extremely obvious: the legalisation and regulation of (organised) prostitution. Yes, I live in the wonderfully liberal city of Amsterdam, with its prostitutes and drugs. Yes, I realise that legalising prostitution is a controversial subject and has its downsides. No, I do not understand why that should matter.

It is not the ultimate solution banning all human trafficking,

but it is the next step in ultimately banning all human trafficking.

LIBE

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Prostitution itself is already legalised in large parts of Europe, but the keyword here is “organised”. A non-exhaustive list of benefits now follows. Allowing brothels to exist and prostitutes to organise themselves in labour un-ions would make it easier to oversee the sector and to intervene when things go wrong. Stand-ards can be set on workplace safety and hygiene. Requiring all prostitutes to be registered sex workers will cut back on ways for prostitutes to be exploited. You could argue that by legalising or-ganised prostitution, we have made ourselves one of the prime working areas of human traf-fickers and you would be right. Prostitutes be-ing forced into brothels are a big problem that we are facing. This is the same conclusion The Spectator reached in an article in February, stat-

ing that legalisation has resulted in “Appalling, inhuman, degrading treatment of women (…); The Dutch Government (…) will have time to reflect on the damage done to the women caught in this calamitous social experiment.” I firmly believe that it is nothing but a temporary issue though. It is easy to see that we need a Europe wide legislation. For me it is just as easy to see why we need to legalise prostitution. It is not the ultimate solution banning all human traf-ficking, but it is the next step in ultimately ban-ning all human trafficking. Utilitarianism tells us to settle (moral) issues with math, looking what action maximises happiness. Now compare legalisation and regulation against criminalisa-tion. You can guess what Mill would choose. Be pragmatic, be wise.

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Plant the future

Matteo Falsetta

Modern infrastructures or endangered natural ecosystems? The question now is whether it is nobler in mind to suffer fuel, pol-lution and endangered heritages or to take arms against a sea of assaults to ecosystems and en-dangered national heritages. This is the issue the committee of Re-gional Development has to face. As most of the participants are Italian, this kind of problem would be immediately connected to HSR (TAV in Italian), that is not the only angle of it at all.Despite what we have seen, we should bear in mind that uncontrolled urban growth has been an increasing concern in many regions through-out the world. Generated by a natural tendency of population growth in relation to unsustaina-ble land use, city sprawl has led to complex spa-tial developments that are creating both benefits and challenges for decision makers. However, it can bring both positive and negative effects. As the first one, considering either railways or airways, they actually reduce the chance of col-lisions between cars. The latter could be the Gi-ant Panda’s problem: the endangerment of the panda and the destruction of its natural habi-tat seriously impacts the extent to which the Chinese people may collect those benefits. Ac-cording to the World Wildlife Foundation, the

habitat of the panda provides tourism capital, hydropower, fisheries and agricultural and wa-ter resources. Importance is to be given to tourism too. Taking into account that it should be a major strength in Italy as in many other countries, have you ever thought about his negative im-pact? It occurs when the level of visitor use is greater than the ability of the environment to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled conventional tourism can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pol-lution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources. Anyway, railways are still a problem: the biggest environmental effect produced by trains is the amount of carbon dioxide they emit. The carbon footprint left by a train com-pared to an automobile really depends on how many passengers are using it though. Electric trains could be an improvement just thinking about the highly efficient electric ones connect-ing London to Edinburgh, Scotland.

REGI

11

Although trains are more fuel efficient than cars, they still consume a tremendous amount of non-renewable energy each year. High-speed trains consume more fuel than freight trains. Trains consume fuel not just when they are run-ning; fuel is also required to construct and to maintain them. Also, I would like to underline the ex-istence of Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program, mostly regarding the South East

Queensland, Australia. It has important aquatic ecosystem assets. The waterways of the region provide several important ecosystem values, wildlife habitat, visual and recreational ameni-ties. South East Queensland’s waterways also play a role in providing commercial resources for fishing, aquaculture, and agriculture. As I find it a good point, apart from the Maryland’s Green Infrastructure (GI), I have to highlight the Algarve Case which is very inter-esting because of the importance given to the national heritage that has to be defended while building up new infrastructures. The ”Valletta Treaty”, an initiative from the Council of Eu-rope, is easily relatable to this topic. Furthermore, I need to inform you about the Kenya’s Airways – in order to clean their consciousness: Plant a Future initiative. It consists in planting trees. It made them reach 750.000 planted trees since 2007. Thus, it is difficult to sum up in a few sentences either a solution or a specific opinion about this issue . In conclusion, the keywords I suggest for this issue would be: organization, alternative-fu-el like vegetable ones, awareness of the heritage we have been living on and taking vantage of the need of clean-consciousness.

Uncontrolled ur-

ban growth has been

an increasing con-

cern in many regions

throughout the world.

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AFET

The Case for

Minimal Intervention

Beatrice Reichel

The functionalist argument: create in-ternational cooperation on nonpolitical issues such as trade and finance, and you open up the possibility of cooperation in good faith on oth-er, more sensitive issues, as States learn to trust each other. It’s the bottom-up approach, effec-tive because it is easy to implement.This may be the only way forward with regard to Sino-European trade relations. To get China to respect human rights and to live up to Euro-pean ideals of labour and environmental stand-ards, it is necessary to focus on opening up Chi-nese markets. Broader and deeper cooperation within a liberalised Chinese economy provides the opportunity for a multi-faceted approach to responsible and sustainable trade. The problem with China is namely this: it is not a mid-sized developing state you can slap on the wrists for not living up the ideals of the postmodern Western world. You cannot do what great powers normally do to misbehav-ing States – impose economic sanctions in the hope of scaring the weaker State into compli-ance. China is neither Cuba nor Iran, nor can the EU adopt the USA’s crusading approach to foreign policy. China is a great power in its own right, with an economy that has shown great resilience to the recession. It has markets that Europe desper-ately needs access to if its own welfare states

are to ever recover from the Eurocrisis. Since China joined the World Trade Or-ganization (WTO) in 2001, it has been commit-ted to reducing trade barriers and liberalizing its economy. As China and Europe both seek to maximize gains from free trade, there will be positive spillover effects on labour markets, en-vironment and human rights. The United Nations Framework Con-vention on Climate Change notes that climate change is best combated by promoting free trade in green technologies. Currently, countries like China erect trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas to disadvantage European firms in the industry.

“Markets are ene-

mies of parochialism,

isolation, fractious-

ness, war.”

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Meanwhile, China has been found to export solar panels and solar wafers at prices that are below market value, making themselves guilty of dumping these products on the Eu-ropean market. Dumping is illegal under WTO regulation and severely damages green industry. However, the WTO estimates that the liberalization of trade in green technologies can cause a 15% annual increase in trade for such products and services. Not only should such growth be welcomed for economic reasons, but it should also be promoted because it is sustain-able. In a similar spirit, the respect of human rights and labour standards can be improved by liberalizing markets. As Benjamin Barber once noted in his seminal work Jihad vs. McWorld, “Markets are enemies of parochialism, isola-

tion, fractiousness, war.” Free markets have a tendency to proliferate democratic ideals that awakens popular demand for reforms. This is particularly important since human rights movements gain more momentum when they are homegrown; they have greater democratic legitimacy and strength when the developed West refrains from meddling too much. Just as gradual liberalization of the Soviet economy ac-celerated its decline exponentially, the model of Chinese authoritarianism may crumble under its own weight as markets open up. This kind of thinking may be a hard medicine for many idealists to swallow. It in-volves sitting back and doing very little. Yet it is sometimes best to keep your finger out of the pie in order for the invisible hand to do all the work for you.

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ITRE

To pollute or not to pollute, that is the

question

For reasons that would be certainly diffi-cult to explain, the word environment transmits us a cosy feeling of that green nature that men, from the day of their birth, had always been looking for. Green is the colour of hope, which leads us to a positive approach and way of thinking on several issues. Nowadays, we tend to spend less time in nature than our ancestors were used to, probably because what surrounds us has completely changed and cannot longer be called “natural”. Artificiality, which is where we now live in, needs energy. Nevertheless, energy must be created and scientists and specialists have been strug-gling for years about the chances we have to produce it. They have always been clamped in the double-choice of either keeping using non-replenishing energies, easy to get ruining our environment, or finding new solutions taking advantage of renewable resources, that will help the world come back to its original shade of colours. Unfortunately, the problems related to renewable resources are not easy to solve. Huge investments have to be faced, and people must act following a long-term aim instead of stop-ping themselves at their first impressions. Despite the obvious reasons why new re-sources should be used, the issuing side of the matter has to be analysed: renewable resources

need a remarkable amount of money in order to initiate their productivity process. When the choice of using a certain kind of energy is up to the consumer, despite how much one has inter-est in saving the environment, he may not have the money to invest on it. If Member States want to achieve a subtotal usage of renewable energies, they will also have to face this enor-mous issue, maybe finding a compromise in or-der not to rely all expenses on consumers.

Valentina Spina

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Moreover, wind generated and solar en-ergy’s farms, for instance, need space where to be built and people who accept the co-habita-tion with them, taking into consideration the fact that one doesn’t usually appreciate being near industries. From this point of view, people should realise the importance of stopping pol-lution and the use of conventional energies that are already running out. This goes beyond every sight-disturbing issue: “That building near our house that may at first annoy us will be the so-lution to all mistakes we have done”. If we are talking about space-matters, we must admit that there are some countries that can take advan-tage of areas where nobody lives and for this reason they could boost others that may not have that possibility. However, concentrating on positive as-pects of the issue, we must admit that this proc-ess would also bring us many new job-places, starting from researchers and ending up with bricklayers. Many people will be glad to work in order to produce something useful that will ameliorate our daily life and allow the world’s survival. We should think about the way we use the energy we have. Sparing water, gas or light goes against the will to find new solutions. If we don’t understand first the importance of what

we have and the appropriate way to use it, we won’t be able to invest more time and money on it. Despite all the problems that we might have considered, we must not forget that all efforts we are going to make will be essential to our world’s outliving and that whether the future generations are going to survive or not, it is all in our hands.

“That building near

our house that may

at first annoy us will

be the solution to

all mistakes we have

done”

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Harry Potter, butbetter

Henok Ghebrenigus

At once the small tabby cat morphed back up into a robed woman. “I’m sorry, Mr“Potter,“ said the witch, sounding sincere, though the corners of her lips were twitching up- wards. “I should have warned you.“ Harry was breathing in short gasps. His voice came!out choked. You can’t DO that

This is an excerpt from Harry Potter and theMethods of Rationality (hpmor), a fan fic- tion in progress written by Eliezer Yudkowsky and available freely online. Although Eliezer changed just a few of the basic premises of the original Harry Potter series, the resulting story is incredibly different. The most important changes made to the Harry Potter universe we all know and are that first of all Harry is raisedby his loving aunt and scientist stepfather Mi-chael Verres-Evans. Secondly, and most impor-tantly, Harry is a rationalist

As Eliezer puts it: “Harry has the equivalent ra- tionalist skill of roughly an 18-year-old Eliezer or thereabouts, i.e., massively flawed but still pretty darned impressive.” After recovering from the initial shock of seeing a woman turninto a cat and vice versa, he sets out to discov- er the laws governing magic, while he tries to achieve world domination - though he prefersto call it world optimisation

The most incredible thing about hpmor,though, is that Eliezer manages to both edu- cate and captivate his readers. The book is filled with tips on how to prevent common cognitive biases, a skill which could be put to great use in EYP and daily life. There is no room hereto elaborate on these tips, but search for “plan-ning fallacy” and be stupefied

According to Television Tropes the story by now counts far more words than the first three Harry Potter books and when formatted like an actual Harry Potter, the first 83 out of the 87 chapters well exceed 13,000 pages. Amazingly,Eliezer claims that the entire story can be de-duced from the first three chapters by pure logi-cal reasoning. Go on, go google “hpmor”, gig- gle and be dazed. If you love humour, a puzzle, science or Harry Potter, then you will love it;pinkies promise

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Now you got to know something on where some of the delegates come from. Take the chance to get to know people coming from all over Italy and you’ll be able to confirm theseclichés yourselves

Valentina Spina

We usually spend a lot of time wondering about people’s thoughts about our origins.Here you will find the answers to all your stereotype-related questions

Do we reallyknow each

other ?

Pordenone’s delegation that will offer you a glass of slightly bitter – but still delicious – Spritz , that by the way they have invented so don’t youdare trying to convince them of the opposite

How could we possibly forget our half-German – with or without agreements on it – friends from Riva del Garda, who would not hugnor kiss you, not to give you too much confidence

Piacenza’s delegation – apart from the undoubted quality of their yummy tagliatelle – would rather discuss the issue in every single detail, figuring it out thanks to a constant and regular teamwork, .glad to listen to Friuli Venezia Giulia’s delegates’ reasons

Lucca’s pupils would also like to have their say mainly because they will always do everything better than everybody else, especially enriching theirselves and being very careful in giving money away, as they would have done if they had offered youthat coffee

Puglia's delegations should beg our pardon for Friday’s lunch,we apologize for not having fish as they're used to

Sardinian delegations, the ones who crossed the sea to come here, we have heard that you’re used to invite everyone you meet – even if it’s just for a couple of hours – to spend the summer at your always-sparkling crystal clear sea, therefore feel free to ask us to come along

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The fine art ofTRAVELLING

Travelling. Doesn’t it sound harder than it really is? You may have had some problems on the way, as it always happens to me, concerningtimetables and, maybe, all the ways of transports that brought you here Notwithstanding the hard ventures faced, I am sure you will appreciate every single moment of the epic journey which led you to Volterra whenyou will have finished the wonderful experience you are living here What does travelling mean to you? A way to escape from the daily routine or a chance to learn something new? This could seem a tricky question but I would consider both as valuable options. Do you know why? Just think about the trip to Volterra. It brought you here, far from your houses, schools, friends and everything else related to your everyday life. It may have taught you the importance of punctuality, or that travelling was actually the most fascinating part of the trip: waiting for the journey to start, fearing any delay or cancellation, worrying about any possible accident. Those things are the ones which make you think that everything was worthy. You may have learnt something from someone else: some people love to get to know the person they are sitting next to, other ones prefer not to talk to anybody and stay on their own. What is exciting about travelling is that it makes travellers’ lives cross. Have you ever wondered who was sitting close to you during a travel? What were his interests and what had he got to tell? Try to, at least once, and youwill discover another way of travelling

I want to end this article with a quote which, in my opinion, communicatesthe essence of travelling: exploring, dreaming, discovering Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn›t“ do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safeharbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover

Mark Twain

Dear delegates, you came here to face problems: solve them. Do you want to improve your public and English speaking skills? Travelling wasjust the vehicle, now it’s your turn

Matteo Falsetta

19

Top survival tipsfor the session

Fabrizio Colucci

You finally got to Volterra! The selection was hard but you successfully managed to pass it. Now you must be thrilled as you have never been before because you completely ignore what is ahead for these days. In order to prevent you from getting physically and psychologicallyhurt and to take the most out of this session, you’re going to need some small but useful tips

Coffee

As you will learn at your own expenses, EYP rhymes with caffeine. Like the cigarettes in a 1960s movie, you will always see a person tightly holding a precious cup of coffee in his fingers, because it will be the only legal and available fuel that permits to work properly all day long. Take care of this and, above all, make the most from the inestimable gift you are going toreceive from your chairs: the coffee breaks

TOP TIP!: You can find a coffee machine¡.under the stairs that lead to the party hall

PeoPle

The equation is pretty simple. There are nearly 100 boys and girls and only 5 days to get to know them all. Unless you are charming as Casanova and fast as Bolt, you are not going to be introduced to everyone, so you need to be sharp and quick in finding the features that may indicate the perfect match. Keep your view focused, ready and see which one has a t-shirt of your favourite band or which one has the “soft R” you have always wanted to hear. Before that, though, get along with your committee mates, you will surely find great people and the work.for the resolution will be smoothly done

Games and enerGisers

Jump, move and dance as you have never done before! No excuses are accepted while playing. Get completely into those games. I know, they seem silly at the beginning, but after one day you will feel like you need your daily dose of Arum-pum-pum to wake you up in themorning

Follow these simple rules and you will always remember the session as the most intense andfantastic experience ever had

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“Precise beginnings are always hard to find.” (Jackie Kay)

Thanks for the support: