The Baby Boom and Baby Bust:

O.E.C.D. Fertility Data

Jeremy Greenwoodand

Guillaume Vandenbroucke

2004

2

International Birth Rates -- Diagrams4 - Australia, 1850 - 1993 12 - Italy, 1900 -1993

5 - Belgium, 1830 -1993 13 - New Zealand, 1855 - 1993

6 - Canada, 1900 - 1993 14 - Netherlands, 1900 - 19993

7 - Denmark, 1800 -1993 15 - Norway, 1800 - 1993

8 - Finland, 1850 - 1993 16 - Portugal, 1900 - 1993

9 - France, 1801 - 1993 17 - Spain, 1880 - 1993

10 - Greece, 1920 - 1993 18 - Sweden, 1850 - 1993

11 - Ireland, 1865 - 1993 19 - Switzerland, 1870 - 1993

20 - United Kingdom, 1840 - 1993

21 - United States, 1900 - 1993

U.S. Fertility Rates -- Diagrams Mitchell’s (1998) Fertility Data22 - Total Fertility Rate, 1800 - 1998 24:40 - Data

23 - Fertility Rates, Annual and Lifetime, 1800 - 1990.

Content

3

Sources

International Birth Rates• Mitchell, Brian R. International Historical Statistics: The Americas , 1750-1993. New York, N.Y.: Stockton Press, 1998.

• Mitchell, Brian R. International Historical Statistics: Europe, 1750-1993. New York, N.Y.: Stockton Press, 1998.

• Mitchell, Brian R. International Historical Statistics: Africa, Asia & Oceania, 1750-1993. New York, N.Y.: Stockton Press, 1998.

U.S. Fertility Rates• Hernandez, Donald J. Trends in the Well-Being of America ’s Children and Youth: 1996. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department ofHealth and Humand Services, 1996.

4

1845 1870 1895 1920 1945 1970 1995Year

10

20

30

40

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Australia, 1850 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

5

1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Belgium, 1830 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

6

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

15

20

25

30

Birth

s pe

r 1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Canada, 1900 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

7

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Denmark, 1800 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

8

1845 1870 1895 1920 1945 1970 1995Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Finland, 1850 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

9

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

Birth

s pe

r 1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, France, 1801 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

10

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Greece, 1920 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

11

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

15

20

25

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Ireland, 1865 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

12

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Italy, 1900 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

13

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

11

21

31

41

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, New Zealand, 1855 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

14

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Netherlands, 1900 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

15

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Norway, 1800 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

16

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Portugal, 1900 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

17

1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990Year

5

15

25

35

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Spain, 1880 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

18

1845 1870 1895 1920 1945 1970 1995Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Sweden, 1850 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

19

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, Switzerland, 1870 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

20

1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000Year

10

15

20

25

30

35

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, United Kingdom, 1840 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

21

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year

15

20

25

30

Birth

per

1,0

00 p

opul

atio

n

Birth Rate, United States, 1900 - 1993.Source: Mitchell (1998).

22

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

1000

3000

5000

7000

Tota

l fer

tility

rate

, whi

te w

omen

1957

1936

Total Fertility Rate, United States, 1800 - 1998.Source: M. R. Haines

23

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

70

120

170

220

270

Annu

al B

irths

per

1,0

00 F

ecun

d W

omen

, 15-

44

2000

3000

4000

5000

Expe

cted

Life

time

Ferti

lity

Rate

Lifetime

27 years

Fertility Rate: Annual and Lifetime, United States, 1800 - 1990.Source: D. J. Hernandez (1996)

24

Mitchell ’s (1998) International Birth Rates -- Data(you should be able to cut and paste into Excel)

Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark Italy, New-Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,

Finland, France, Greece, Ireland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA.

1800 : 1825 p. 25 p. 26

1826 : 1850 p. 27 p. 28

1851 : 1875 p. 29 p. 30

1876 : 1900 p. 31 p. 32

1901 : 1925 p. 33 p. 34

1926 : 1949 p. 35 p. 36

1950 : 1975 p. 37 p. 38

1976 : 1993 p. 39 p. 40

25

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1800 - - - 29.9 37.6 - - - 1801 - - - 31.1 39.6 32.9 - - 1802 - - - 32.2 39.2 33 - - 1803 - - - 33.1 35.6 32.5 - - 1804 - - - 32.3 39.1 31.3 - - 1805 - - - 32.8 38.4 31.6 - - 1806 - - - 30.2 35.7 31.4 - - 1807 - - - 31 36.2 31.8 - - 1808 - - - 30.6 30.4 31.3 - - 1809 - - - 29.3 28.6 32 - - 1810 - - - 30.3 40.5 31.8 - - 1811 - - - 30.5 36.4 31.6 - - 1812 - - - 29.8 38.9 30.1 - - 1813 - - - 29.1 35.6 30.5 - - 1814 - - - 30.4 36.7 33.9 - - 1815 - - - 34.1 37.5 32.5 - - 1816 - - - 32.9 38.8 32.9 - - 1817 - - - 32.8 39 31.8 - - 1818 - - - 32.1 38.4 30.6 - - 1819 - - - 32.5 36.1 32.9 - - 1820 - - - 31.5 36.6 31.7 - - 1821 - - - 32.1 41.4 31.7 - - 1822 - - - 33.7 35.6 31.7 - - 1823 - - - 32.6 40.3 31.2 - - 1824 - - - 31.3 37.8 31.6 - - 1825 - - - 31.3 38.5 31 - -

26

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1800 - - - 27.6 - - 28.7 - - - 1801 - - - 22.7 - - 30 - - - 1802 - - - 27.6 - - 31.7 - - - 1803 - - - 28.9 - - 31.4 - - - 1804 - - - 27.7 - - 31.9 - - - 1805 - - - 29.2 - - 31.7 - - - 1806 - - - 29.6 - - 30.8 - - - 1807 - - - 29 - - 31.2 - - - 1808 - - - 26.9 - - 30.4 - - - 1809 - - - 22.2 - - 26.7 - - - 1810 - - - 26.3 - - 33 - - - 1811 - - - 26.7 - - 35.3 - - - 1812 - - - 29.1 - - 33.6 - - - 1813 - - - 25.6 - - 29.7 - - - 1814 - - - 24.2 - - 31.2 - - - 1815 - - - 29.9 - - 34.8 - - - 1816 - - - 35.1 - - 35.3 - - - 1817 - - - 32.5 - - 33.4 - - - 1818 - - - 30.8 - - 33.8 - - - 1819 - - - 31.9 - - 33 - - - 1820 - - - 33.3 - - 33 - - - 1821 - - - 34.7 - - 35.4 - - - 1822 - - - 32.9 - - 35.9 - - - 1823 - - - 33.9 - - 36.8 - - - 1824 - - - 32.5 - - 34.6 - - - 1825 - - - 34.3 - - 36.5 - - -

27

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1826 - - - 31.4 37.6 31.4 - - 1827 - - - 29.2 36.7 30.8 - - 1828 - - - 30.3 39.3 30.5 - - 1829 - - - 29.6 38.7 30 - - 1830 - 32.3 - 28.9 36.6 29.9 - - 1831 - 33 - 29.7 35.2 30.3 - - 1832 - 34.5 - 27 34.5 28.6 - - 1833 - 33.2 - 32.2 30.2 29.5 - - 1834 - 33.3 - 33 36.6 29.8 - - 1835 - 34 - 31.7 34.3 29.9 - - 1836 - 34 - 30.5 31.1 29.2 - - 1837 - 33.4 - 30 31.6 28 - - 1838 - 35.2 - 29.8 31.8 28.5 - - 1839 - 33.7 - 29 33.7 28.2 - - 1840 - 34.2 - 30.4 34.7 27.9 - - 1841 - 34 - 29.7 34 28.5 - - 1842 - 32.6 - 30.1 37.2 28.5 - - 1843 - 31.9 - 29.8 35.8 28.2 - - 1844 - 31.8 - 30.3 35 27.5 - - 1845 - 32.2 - 30.6 35.7 27.9 - - 1846 - 27.8 - 30.1 33.2 27.3 - - 1847 - 27.2 - 30.6 33.9 25.4 - - 1848 - 27.7 - 30.6 36.5 26.5 - - 1849 - 31 - 31 37.5 27.7 - - 1850 36.9 30 - 31.4 35.7 26.8 - -

28

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1826 - - - 34.8 - - 34.8 - - - 1827 - - - 32 - - 31.3 - - - 1828 - - - 31.8 - - 33.6 - - - 1829 - - - 33.6 - - 34.9 - - - 1830 - - - 32.3 - - 32.9 - - - 1831 - - - 31 - - 30.5 - - - 1832 - - - 29.9 - - 30.9 - - - 1833 - - - 30.7 - - 34.1 - - - 1834 - - - 31.7 - - 33.7 - - - 1835 - - - 32.6 - - 32.7 - - - 1836 - - - 29.4 - - 31.8 - - - 1837 - - - 28.7 - - 30.8 - - - 1838 - - - 27.7 - - 29.4 - 30.3 - 1839 - - - 26.7 - - 29.5 - 31.8 - 1840 - - - 27.8 - - 31.4 - 32 - 1841 - - - 29.8 - - 30.3 - 32.2 - 1842 - - - 30.7 - - 31.7 - 32.1 - 1843 - - - 30.2 - - 30.8 - 32.3 - 1844 - - - 29.9 - - 32.2 - 32.7 - 1845 - - - 31.2 - - 31.5 - 32.5 - 1846 - - - 31.1 - - 29.9 - 33.8 - 1847 - - - 30.8 - - 29.6 - 31.5 - 1848 - - - 29.8 - - 30.3 - 32.5 - 1849 - - - 32 - - 32.8 - 32.9 - 1850 - - - 31 - - 31.9 - 33.4 -

29

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1851 37.4 30.3 - 30.1 38.2 27.1 - - 1852 35.1 30 - 33.2 35 26.8 - - 1853 37.5 28.3 - 31.6 35.1 26 - - 1854 36.3 28.8 - 32.7 37.5 25.5 - - 1855 39.7 27.7 - 31.9 35.8 25 - - 1856 38.7 29.1 - 32.4 36.3 26.3 - - 1857 42 31.6 - 32.9 32.8 25.9 - - 1858 42.6 31.7 - 33.2 36.5 26.7 - - 1859 42.9 32.4 - 33.6 35.8 27.9 - - 1860 42.6 31 - 32.6 36.4 26.2 - - 1861 42.3 31.1 - 31.6 37.8 26.9 - - 1862 43.3 30.4 - 30.8 37.3 26.5 - - 1863 41.7 32.2 - 30.9 36.2 26.9 - - 1864 42.9 32.1 - 30.1 39.3 26.6 - 24.21865 42.1 31.6 - 31.1 34.2 26.5 - 25.91866 39.8 31.7 - 32 32 26.4 - 26.51867 40.4 32.6 - 30.3 32.3 26.2 - 26.31868 40.5 31.9 - 31 24.6 25.7 - 26.71869 38.6 32 - 29.3 33.7 26 - 26.71870 38.7 32.7 - 30.3 36.3 25.9 - 27.71871 38 31.2 - 30.1 37.3 22.9 - 28.11872 37.1 32.7 - 30.3 36.4 26.7 - 27.81873 37.4 33 - 30.8 37 26 - 27.11874 36.8 33.1 - 30.9 37.9 26.2 - 26.61875 35.9 32.9 - 31.9 36.6 25.9 - 26.1

30

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1851 - - - - - - 31.7 - 34.3 - 1852 - - - 31 - - 30.7 - 34.3 - 1853 - - - 32 - - 31.4 - 33.3 - 1854 - - - 34.3 - - 33.5 - 34.1 - 1855 - 39.2 - 33.4 - - 31.8 - 33.8 - 1856 - 37.8 - 32.3 - - 31.5 - 34.58 - 1857 - 39.5 - 33 - - 32.4 - 34.4 - 1858 - 38.2 - 33.5 - 35.2 34.8 - 33.7 - 1859 - 37 - 34.8 - 38.4 35 - 35 - 1860 - 41.2 - 33.3 - 36.7 34.8 - 34.3 - 1861 - 38.5 - 30.7 - 39 32.6 - 34.6 - 1862 - 36.1 - 32.1 - 38.5 33.4 - 35 - 1863 - 35.3 - 32.7 - 37.8 33.6 - 35.3 - 1864 - 38.5 - 31.9 - 39.2 33.6 - 35.4 - 1865 - 41.1 - 31.9 - 38.6 32.8 - 35.4 - 1866 - 42.9 - 31.7 - 38.3 33.1 - 35.2 - 1867 - 42.2 - 30.1 - 38.5 30.8 - 35.4 - 1868 - 42.1 - 29.5 - 35.7 27.5 - 35.8 - 1869 - 41.9 - 28.9 - 37 28.3 - 34.8 - 1870 - 42.3 - 29.2 - 36.6 28.8 29.8 35.2 - 1871 - 40.6 - 29.3 - - 30.4 29 35 - 1872 - 35.9 - 30 - - 30 29.8 35.6 - 1873 - 39 - 29.9 - - 30.8 29.7 35.4 - 1874 - 40.3 - 31 - - 30.9 30.4 36 - 1875 - 40.2 - 31.5 - - 31.2 31.8 35.4 -

31

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1876 35.9 32.7 - 32.6 36.7 26.2 - 26.41877 35 32.8 - 32.3 38.2 25.5 - 26.21878 35.4 31.9 - 31.6 35.4 25.2 - 25.11879 35.8 31.9 - 31.9 37.8 25.1 - 25.21880 35.2 31 - 31.7 36.5 24.6 - 24.71881 35.3 31.8 - 32.3 35 24.9 - 24.51882 34.5 31.6 - 32.3 36.3 24.8 - 241883 34.8 30.9 - 31.8 35.9 24.8 - 23.51884 35.6 30.9 - 33.3 36.1 24.7 - 23.91885 35.7 30.3 - 32.5 34.2 24.3 - 23.51886 35.4 29.9 - 32.4 35.3 23.9 - 23.21887 35.6 29.7 - 31.7 36.2 23.5 - 23.11888 35.5 29.4 - 31.5 34.9 23.1 - 22.81889 34.7 29.4 - 31.2 33.4 23 - 22.71890 35 29 - 30.5 32.9 21.8 - 22.31891 34.5 30 - 31 34.3 22.6 - 23.11892 33.7 28.9 - 29.6 31.6 22.3 - 22.51893 32.8 29.5 - 30.8 30.1 22.8 - 231894 30.8 29 - 30.4 31.1 22.3 - 22.91895 30.4 28.5 - 30.3 32.9 21.7 - 23.31896 28.4 29 - 30.5 32.5 22.5 - 23.71897 28.2 29 - 29.8 32.3 22.2 - 23.51898 27.1 28.6 - 30.2 34.4 21.7 - 23.31899 27.3 28.8 - 29.7 33.7 21.8 - 23.11900 26.7 28.9 27.2 29.7 32.6 21.3 - 22.7

32

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1876 - 41.7 - 31.6 - - 30.8 32.8 36.3 - 1877 - 41.3 - 31.7 - - 31.1 32 36 - 1878 - 42 - 31.5 - 36.1 29.8 31.3 35.6 - 1879 - 40.3 - 32.1 - 35.8 30.5 30.5 34.7 - 1880 - 40.8 - 30.9 - 35.5 29.4 29.6 34.2 - 1881 - 38 - 30 - 37.1 29.1 29.8 33.9 - 1882 - 37.3 - 30.6 - 36.2 29.4 28.9 33.8 - 1883 - 36.3 - 31 - 35.6 28.9 28.5 33.5 - 1884 - 35.9 - 31.6 - 36.7 30 28.3 33.6 - 1885 - 34.4 - 31.5 - 36.3 29.4 27.7 32.9 - 1886 - 33.2 - 30.9 31.9 36.7 29.8 27.8 32.8 - 1887 - 32.1 - 31.4 33.7 36.1 29.7 27.9 31.9 - 1888 - 31.2 - 30.4 33.1 36.4 28.8 27.7 31.2 - 1889 - 30.2 - 29.6 33.7 36.4 27.7 27.7 31.1 - 1890 - 29.4 - 30.4 32.6 34.4 28 26.6 30.2 - 1891 - 29 - 30.8 32 35.3 28.3 28.2 31.4 - 1892 - 27.8 - 29.6 31.2 35.8 27 27.7 30.4 - 1893 - 27.5 - 30.3 31.9 35.6 27.4 27.9 30.7 - 1894 - 27.3 - 29.6 29.7 34.8 27.1 27.3 29.6 - 1895 - 26.8 - 30.4 30 35 27.5 27.3 30.3 - 1896 - 26.3 - 30 30 35.9 27.2 28.1 29.6 - 1897 - 26 - 30 30.4 34.1 26.7 28.3 29.6 - 1898 - 25.7 - 30.3 30.2 33.3 27.1 28.5 29.3 - 1899 - 25.1 - 29.9 29.9 34.2 26.4 29 29.1 - 1900 33 25.6 31.6 29.7 30.5 33.9 27 28.6 28.7 -

33

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1901 27.2 29.4 31.2 29.7 33.2 22 - 22.71902 26.7 28.4 31.3 29.2 32.4 21.6 - 231903 25.3 27.5 31.3 28.7 31.5 21.1 - 23.11904 26.4 27.1 31.4 28.9 33 20.9 - 23.61905 26.2 26.2 31 28.4 31.8 20.6 - 23.41906 26.6 25.6 29.9 28.5 32.8 20.5 - 23.51907 26.8 25.2 29.5 28.2 32.8 19.7 - 23.21908 26.6 24.8 30.3 28.6 32.2 20.1 - 23.31909 26.7 23.8 30.2 28.2 32.8 19.5 - 23.41910 26.7 23.7 30.4 27.5 31.7 19.6 - 23.31911 27.2 22.8 30.1 26.7 30.8 18.7 - 23.21912 28.7 22.5 31.3 26.6 30.8 18.9 - 231913 28.3 22.3 31.7 25.6 28.8 18.8 - 22.81914 28.1 20.4 31.9 25.6 28.7 18.1 - 22.61915 27.1 16.1 31.9 24.2 27 11.8 - 221916 26.6 12.9 30.7 24.4 25.7 9.5 - 20.31917 26.3 11.3 29.1 23.7 25.9 10.4 - 19.71918 25 11.3 28.8 24.1 25.4 12.1 - 19.81919 23.5 16.9 27.7 22.6 20.5 13 - 201920 25.5 22.2 29.2 25.4 27 21.4 - 22.81921 25 21.7 29.3 24 25.9 20.7 21.2 21.151922 24.7 20.4 28.3 22.2 25 19.3 21.5 19.51923 23.8 20.3 26.7 22.3 25.3 19.1 19 20.51924 23.2 19.8 26.7 21.8 23.8 18.7 19.5 21.11925 22.9 19.6 26.1 21 23.7 19 26.3 20.8

34

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1901 32.5 26.3 32.2 29.9 31.3 35 27 29 28.5 - 1902 33.4 25.9 31.8 29.2 32 35.6 26.5 28.5 28.5 - 1903 31.7 26.6 31.4 28.6 33 36.4 25.7 27.4 28.5 - 1904 32.9 26.9 31.4 27.9 31.6 34.2 25.8 27.3 28 - 1905 32.7 27.2 30.8 27.1 31.8 35.1 25.7 26.9 27.3 - 1906 32.1 27.1 30.4 26.8 32.1 33.8 25.7 26.9 27.2 - 1907 31.7 27.3 30 26.3 30.7 33.3 25.5 26.2 26.5 - 1908 33.7 27.5 29.7 26.3 30.3 33.7 25.7 26.4 26.7 - 1909 32.8 27.3 29.2 26.8 29.9 33.1 25.6 25.5 25.8 29.21910 33.3 26.2 28.6 25.8 31.7 32.7 24.7 25 25.1 29.21911 31.5 26 27.8 25.7 38.6 31.5 24 24.2 24.3 29.11912 32.4 26.5 28.1 25.4 34.9 31.8 23.8 24.2 23.9 291913 31.7 26.1 28.2 25.1 32.5 30.6 23.2 23.2 24.1 28.81914 31 26 28.2 25.1 31.5 29.9 22.9 22.4 23.8 29.31915 30.5 25.3 26.2 23.6 32.6 30.9 21.6 19.5 21.9 28.91916 24.1 25.9 26.5 24.2 32.1 29.1 21.2 18.9 20.9 28.51917 19.5 25.7 26 25.1 31.4 29 20.9 18.5 17.8 27.91918 18.2 23.4 25.1 24.6 29.7 29.3 20.3 18.7 17.7 27.61919 21.5 21.4 24.4 22.7 27.6 27.9 19.8 18.6 18.5 25.31920 32.2 25.1 28.6 26.1 33.6 29.5 23.6 20.9 25.5 26.91921 31.5 23.2 27.35 24.2 32.4 30.5 21.5 20.8 22.4 27.31922 30.8 23.3 26.1 23.3 33.1 30.5 19.6 19.7 20.4 25.41923 30 21.9 26.2 22.8 33.2 30.5 18.9 19.4 19.7 25.21924 29 21.6 25.1 21.3 32.8 29.7 18.1 18.9 18.8 25.11925 28.4 21.6 24.2 19.7 32.6 29.1 17.6 18.5 18.3 24.1

35

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1926 22 18.9 24.7 20.5 23 18.8 30 20.61927 21.7 18.2 24.3 19.6 22.5 18.2 28.8 20.31928 21.3 18.2 24.1 19.6 22.8 18.3 30.5 20.11929 20.3 18.1 23.5 18.6 22.2 17.7 28.9 19.81930 19.9 18.6 23.9 18.7 21.8 18 31.3 19.91931 18.2 18.1 23.2 18 20.7 17.5 30.8 19.51932 16.9 17.5 22.5 18 19.8 17.3 28.5 19.11933 16.8 16.3 21 17.3 18.4 16.2 28.6 19.41934 16.4 15.9 20.7 17.8 19.1 16.2 31.1 19.51935 16.6 15.2 20.5 17.7 19.6 15.3 28.2 19.61936 17.1 15.1 20.3 17.8 19.1 15 27.9 19.61937 17.4 15 20.1 18 19.9 14.7 26.2 19.21938 17.5 15.5 20.7 18.1 21 14.6 25.9 19.41939 17.6 15 20.6 17.8 21.2 14.6 24.8 19.11940 17.9 13.3 21.6 18.3 17.8 13.6 24.5 19.11941 18.9 11.9 22.4 18.5 24.2 13.1 18.3 191942 19 12.8 23.5 20.4 16.6 14.5 18.1 22.31943 20.6 14.6 24.2 21.4 20.4 15.7 16.7 21.91944 21 15 24 22.7 21.3 16.1 20 22.21945 21.7 15.3 24.3 23.5 25.5 16.2 25.1 22.71946 23.6 17.5 27.2 23.4 27.9 20.9 28.2 22.91947 24.1 17 28.9 22.1 28 21.3 27.4 23.21948 23.1 17.2 27.3 20.3 27.6 21.1 27 221949 22.9 16.8 27.3 18.9 26.1 20.9 18.6 21.5

36

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1926 27.7 21.2 23.8 19.6 33.5 29.6 16.8 18.3 17.8 23.11927 27.5 20.4 23.1 18.1 31 28.1 16.1 17.5 16.6 22.71928 26.7 19.9 23.3 17.9 31.9 29.1 16.1 17.4 16.7 21.51929 25.6 19.7 22.8 17.3 29.9 28.3 15.2 17.1 16.3 20.51930 26.7 19.4 23.1 17 29.7 28.3 15.4 17.2 16.3 20.61931 24.9 19.1 22.2 16.3 29.7 27.6 14.8 16.7 15.8 19.51932 23.8 18.1 22 16 29.9 28.2 14.5 16.7 15.3 18.71933 23.8 17.7 20.8 14.7 28.9 27.7 13.7 16.4 14.4 17.61934 23.5 17.6 20.6 14.6 28.4 26.2 13.7 16.3 14.8 18.11935 23.4 17.4 20.2 14.3 28.2 25.7 13.8 16 14.7 17.91936 22.4 18.1 20.2 14.6 28.1 24.7 14.2 15.6 14.8 17.61937 22.9 18.9 19.8 15 26.7 22.6 14.4 14.9 14.9 17.91938 23.8 19.3 20.5 15.4 26.6 20 14.9 15.2 15.1 18.41939 23.6 20.2 20.6 15.8 26.2 16.5 15.4 15.2 14.8 181940 23.5 22.6 20.8 16.1 24.3 24.4 15.1 15.2 14.1 18.61941 20.9 24.1 20.3 15.3 23.8 19.6 15.6 16.9 13.9 19.51942 20.5 23.1 21 17.7 24 20.2 17.7 18.4 15.6 21.51943 19.9 21.2 23 18.9 25.1 22.9 19.3 19.2 16.2 22.11944 18.3 23 24 20.3 25.3 22.5 20.6 19.6 17.7 20.51945 18.3 24.6 22.6 20 26 23.1 20.4 20.1 15.9 19.71946 23 27.1 30.2 22.6 25.4 21.4 19.7 20 19.2 23.61947 22.3 27.7 27.8 21.4 24.5 21.4 18.9 19.4 20.5 26.11948 22 26.8 25.3 20.5 26.8 23.1 18.4 19.2 17.8 241949 20.4 26.1 23.7 19.5 25.5 21.5 17.4 18.4 16.7 23.6

37

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1950 23.3 16.5 27.1 18.7 24.5 20.5 20 21.41951 23 16.4 27.2 17.8 23 19.5 20.3 21.21952 23.3 16.7 27.9 17.8 23.1 19.3 19.3 21.91953 22.9 16.7 28.1 17.9 22 18.7 18.4 21.21954 22.5 16.8 28.5 17.3 21.5 18.7 19.2 21.31955 22.6 16.7 28.2 17.3 21.2 18.5 19.4 211956 22.5 16.8 28 17.2 20.8 18.4 19.7 211957 22.9 17 28.2 16.8 20.1 18.4 19.3 21.21958 22.6 17.1 27.5 16.5 18.6 18.1 19 20.91959 22.6 17.4 27.4 16.3 18.9 18.3 19.4 21.11960 22.4 16.9 26.7 16.6 18.5 17.9 18.9 21.51961 22.8 17.2 26 16.6 18.4 18.2 17.9 21.21962 22.2 16.8 25.2 16.7 18.1 17.7 18 21.81963 21.6 17.1 24.6 17.6 18.2 18.2 17.5 22.21964 20.6 17.1 23.4 17.7 17.7 18.2 18 22.41965 19.6 16.4 21.3 18 17.1 17.8 17.7 22.11966 19.2 15.9 19.3 18.4 17 17.6 17.9 21.61967 19.4 14.7 18.2 16.8 16.8 17 18.7 21.11968 20.1 14.7 17.6 15.3 15.9 16.7 18.3 20.91969 20.4 14.6 17.6 14.6 14.6 16.7 17.6 21.51970 20.6 14.6 17.5 14.4 14 16.7 16.5 21.91971 21.1 14.4 16.8 15.2 13.2 17.1 16 22.71972 19.9 13.8 15.9 15.1 12.7 16.9 15.9 22.71973 18.3 13.3 15.6 14.3 12.2 16.4 15.4 22.41974 17.9 12.6 15.5 14.1 13.3 15.3 16.1 22.11975 16.8 12.2 15.8 14.2 13.9 14.1 15.7 21.2

38

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1950 19.6 25.9 22.7 19.1 24.3 20.1 16.5 18.1 15.8 231951 18.4 25.6 22.3 18.4 24.6 20 15.6 17.2 15.5 23.91952 17.8 26 22.3 18.8 24.9 20.7 15.5 17.4 15.3 24.11953 17.5 25.4 21.7 18.8 23.7 20.4 15.4 17 15.5 241954 18 25.9 21.5 18.5 23.1 19.8 14.6 17 15.2 24.21955 17.7 26.1 21.3 18.5 24.4 20.4 14.8 17.1 15 23.81956 17.7 26 21.3 18.5 23.4 20.5 14.8 17.4 15.7 241957 17.7 26.2 21.2 18.1 24.4 21.6 14.6 17.7 16.1 241958 17.6 26.6 21.2 17.9 24.4 21.7 14.2 17.6 16.4 23.31959 18.1 26.5 21.4 17.7 24.3 21.5 14.1 17.7 16.5 22.91960 18.1 26.5 20.8 17.3 24.2 21.6 13.7 17.6 17.1 22.71961 18.4 27.1 21.3 17.3 24.5 21.1 13.9 18.3 17.6 22.21962 18.4 26.2 20.9 17.1 24.5 21.1 14.2 18.7 18 21.41963 18.6 25.5 20.9 17.3 23.5 21.3 14.9 19.3 18.2 20.71964 19.5 24.2 20.7 17.8 23.8 21.8 16 19.5 18.5 201965 18.8 22.9 19.9 17.8 22.9 20.9 15.9 19.1 18.1 18.31966 18.4 22.5 19.2 17.9 22.2 20.5 15.8 18.5 17.8 17.41967 17.7 22.5 18.9 17.6 21.5 20.6 15.4 17.9 17.3 16.81968 17.3 22.7 18.6 17.6 20.6 20 14.3 17.3 16.9 16.61969 17.5 22.6 19.2 17.6 20.9 19.8 13.5 16.7 16.4 16.91970 16.8 22.1 18.3 16.6 20 19.5 13.7 16 16 17.41971 16.8 22.6 17.2 16.8 20.2 19.5 14.1 15.5 15.9 16.21972 16.3 21.8 16.1 16.3 19.5 19.4 13.8 14.3 14.7 14.61973 15.9 20.5 14.5 15.5 19.2 19.2 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.91974 15.7 19.6 13.7 15 18.9 19.5 13.5 13.1 12.9 141975 14.8 18.4 13 14.1 19.1 18.8 12.6 12.2 12.2 13.6

39

- Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Greece Ireland1976 16.2 12.3 15.7 12.9 14.1 13.6 16 211977 15.9 12.4 15.5 12.9 13.9 14 15.5 21.11978 15.6 12.4 15.3 12.2 13.5 13.8 15.7 21.21979 15.4 12.6 15.4 11.6 13.3 14.1 15.7 21.51980 15.3 12.7 15.4 11.2 13.2 14.9 15.4 21.91981 15.8 12.7 15.3 10.4 13.2 14.9 14.5 211982 15.8 12.2 15.1 10.3 13.7 14.6 14 20.31983 15.8 11.9 15 9.9 13.8 13.7 13.5 19.11984 15 11.8 15.1 10.1 13.3 13.8 12.7 18.21985 15.7 11.6 14.9 10.5 12.8 13.9 11.7 17.61986 15.2 11.9 14.7 10.8 12.3 14.1 11.3 17.41987 15 11.9 14.4 11 12 13.8 10.6 16.61988 14.9 12.1 14.5 11.5 12.8 13.8 10.7 15.31989 14.9 12.2 14.9 12 12.8 13.6 10.1 14.81990 15.4 12.4 15.2 12.3 13.1 13.4 10.2 15.11991 14.9 12.6 14.6 12.5 13.1 13.3 10 14.91992 15.1 12.3 14.6 13.1 13.3 13 10.1 14.51993 14.7 12 13.4 13 12.8 12.3 9.8 13.9

40

- Italy New Zealand Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA1976 13.9 17.7 12.9 13.3 19.3 18.8 12 11.7 11.8 13.81977 13.1 17.4 12.5 12.6 18.6 18.1 11.6 11.5 11.5 14.11978 12.6 16.3 12.6 12.7 17.1 17.3 11.3 11.3 12.1 141979 11.8 16.8 12.5 12.7 16.3 16.2 11.6 11.3 12.9 14.51980 11.3 16.2 12.8 12.5 15.8 15.2 11.7 11.7 13.2 14.91981 11 16.3 12.5 12.4 15.1 14.1 11.3 11.6 12.8 14.81982 10.9 15.7 12 12.5 15.2 13.6 11.1 11.7 12.6 14.91983 10.6 15.8 11.9 12.1 14.4 12.7 11 11.5 12.7 14.61984 10.3 16 12.1 12.1 14.2 12.3 11.3 11.6 12.8 14.81985 10.1 16 12.3 12.3 12.8 11.8 11.8 11.5 13.1 151986 9.7 16.3 12.7 12.6 12.4 11.2 12.2 11.7 13.2 14.81987 9.6 16.8 12.7 12.9 12 10.8 12.5 11.7 13.6 14.91988 9.9 17.5 12.6 13.7 11.9 10.7 13.3 12.2 13.8 151989 9.7 17.4 12.7 14 12 10.5 13.7 12.2 13.6 15.41990 9.8 17.9 13.2 14.4 11.8 10.3 14.5 12.5 13.9 15.81991 9.9 17.6 13.2 14.3 11.8 10.1 14.4 12.7 13.7 15.41992 9.9 17.2 13 14 11.7 10.2 14.2 12.6 13.4 151993 9.4 17.1 12.8 13.8 11.5 9.9 13.5 12.1 12.1 14.7