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SIGN ON FOR A NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-FREE WORLD
T H E A T O M P R O J E C T . O R G
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THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL DAY AGAINST NUCLEAR TESTS ON AUGUST 29 WAS ESTABLISHED TO COINCIDE WITH THE DATE OF THE CLOSING OF THE SEMIPALATINSK NUCLEAR TEST SITE BY PRESIDENT NURSULTAN NAZARBAYEV OF KAZAKHSTAN IN 1991. BETWEEN 1949 AND 1989, THE SOVIET UNION CONDUCTED ALMOST 500 NUCLEAR TESTS AT THIS TEST SITE IN EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN, WHICH ADVERSELY AFFECTED THE HEALTH AND LIVES OF ONE AND A HALF MILLION PEOPLE. SINCE 2010, THE INTERNATIONAL DAY AGAINST NUCLEAR TESTS IS COMMEMORATED GLOBALLY.
T H E A T O M P R O J E C T . O R G
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There are people in the world who struggle every day with what nuclear
weapons testing has done to their bodies, their minds and their spirits.
They do not exist in faded photos of a cold war past. They do not exist
in history books or in the imaginations of screen writers. They live
all over the world: In the United States. In the Marshall Islands. In
Japan. In Russia. And in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, where almost
500 nuclear test sites were conducted from 1949 to 1991.
These survivors of nuclear weapons testing are the living legacy
of The Polygon, the Soviet-era Nuclear Weapons Testing Site in
Semipalatinsk — they are the human evidence of the damage caused
by radioactive nuclear fallout. Some are children who cannot speak
out for themselves due to disabilities and illness. Some are young
adults who, although challenged with physical and developmental
limitations, still want to enjoy all the things any young person loves to
do. Some are adults who have overcome overwhelming odds to carve
out their niche in life. So far, three generations of people from Semey,
as Semipalatinsk is known today, have suffered from cancer, severe
deformities and illness caused by radioactive nuclear fallout. Most
residents of Semey do not live past 60 years of age. These survivors
have names and families and stories. Their humanity is evident in
their eyes and in their lives. But many are unable to stand up, let their
voices be heard and be counted in this world.
Their parents and grandparents did not know that when they went
outside and saw the sky light up with explosions, and the mushroom
cloud hovering over the endless steppe, they were part of a devastating
experiment that would affect them, their children and generations to
come.
If you knew today, that someday your grandchildren would suffer the
effects of nuclear radiation due to nuclear weapons testing or as the
result of nuclear terrorism, wouldn’t you try to stop it?
NOW YOU KNOW.
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UNITED WE COUNTThe ATOM Project is an international initiative to build global
support for a permanent end to nuclear weapons testing ultimately
leading to the total abolition of nuclear weapons. The ATOM Project
was launched at a parliamentary assembly in Astana, Kazakhstan
on August 29, 2012, the UN International Day Against Nuclear Tests.
Organizers of the Project recognize that in recent decades the
cause of abolishing nuclear weapons and weapons testing, and
the awareness of the fundamental dangers they pose to life on
the planet have become superseded by other humanitarian and
environmental issues. Arguably, however, abolishing nuclear
weapons is the biggest environmental and humanitarian cause of all.
The time has come to revive among governments and people
around the world an awareness of how dangerous and appalling
the consequences of the testing, retention and proliferation of
nuclear arsenals has been, and of the threats that their continued
possession poses to the human race, particularly after the largest
ever terrorist attacks of September 11, 2011.
To that end, The ATOM Project seeks to share documented reports
of scientists, doctors and nuclear experts from around the world
about the medical and environmental costs of nuclear weapons
production, testing and deployment. The ATOM Project ONLINE
PETITION is the vehicle through which people can take concrete
action to end all nuclear weapons testing and abolish nuclear
weapons. With just one click, citizens of the world can sign the
international ATOM Project petition, uniting their voices to send the
world’s leaders a clear message: Abolish nuclear weapons testing
and nuclear weapons, forever.
STRENGTH IN NUMBERSThe Petition, which exists online at www.TheATOMProject.org,
has garnered international support and attention. Individuals from
more than 100 countries have signed on for a nuclear-weapons-
free world, and when the petition reaches a critical mass it will be
presented to leaders of the world’s nuclear states. When the people
of the world speak together, when we stand united, the seeds of
change take root and our political leaders are forced into action.
History has borne this out. The non-violence movement started by
Mahatma Gandhi, the end of apartheid led by Nelson Mandela and
the civil rights movement championed by Martin Luther King Jr. all
prove that sea change is not only necessary, it is possible. And while
T H E A T O M P R O J E C T . O R G
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there is strength in every one of us, so too, is there an even bigger
strength in numbers.
The ATOM Project will bring attention to the plight of as many as
15 million victims of radiation poisoning that are estimated to be
suffering today in countries such as Kazakhstan, the Marshall Islands,
Japan, Algeria and others. And then, we will multiply hope, one click
at a time.
Increasing global awareness about the threat of already existing
nuclear weapons arsenals and promoting an international petition
that will enable people around the world to directly express their
position on the nuclear disarmament issue are primary goals of the
Project. The ATOM Project believes strong public support for the
Project will translate to strong public support for non-governmental
organizations (NGOs), parliamentarians and activists in order to
help them reach their goal of influencing the leaders of major
nations to achieve a nuclear-weapons-free world
“FROM DAY TO DAY, THE RADIATION POISONED OUR STEPPES, RIVERS AND LAKES, SLOWLY KILLING ALL LIFE IN THE AREA. THIS NUCLEAR EVIL DESTROYED THE LIVES AND HEALTH OF MORE THAN 1.5 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN THE VICINITY OF THE TEST SITE. THE EFFECTS OF THE NUCLEAR TESTS ARE BEING FELT TO THIS DAY.”NURSULTAN NAZARBAYEV, PRESIDENT OF KAZAKHSTAN
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“MANY OF THE PEOPLE IN MY LIFE HAVE DIED FROM THE RADIATION FROM THE NUCLEAR TESTS. IN ONE FAMILY, FIRST THE FATHER, THEN THE MOTHER THEN ALL THE CHILDREN PASSED AWAY — THE WHOLE FAMILY OF 10. I MYSELF HAVE NO ARMS TO HUG YOU, BUT I HAVE A HEART AS BIG AS THE OPEN SPACE OF KAZAKHSTAN READY TO EMBRACE THE WORLD FOR PEACE AND NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT.”
KARIPBEK KUYUKOV,
HONORARY ATOM PROJECT AMBASSADOR, ARTIST
AND SECOND GENERATION SURVIVOR OF SOVIET
NUCLEAR TESTS IN KAZAKHSTAN
T H E A T O M P R O J E C T . O R G
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The children who were born deformed to the inhabitants of Eastern
Kazakhstan who lived within the fallout region during the 40 years
of Soviet nuclear testing bear eloquent witness to the horrific human
reality of suffering resulting from weapons testing.
Trapped in a body of a three-year-old, 13-year-old Valikhan
Serikkaliev suffers from osteogenisis imperfecta leaving him unable
to walk and with severe bone deformity and abnormally small
stature. His condition is incurable.
Dina Batyrova’s illness is also a tragic example of the damage that
nuclear weapons testing can cause. Dina is five years old and
suffers from hydranencephaly, a condition in which the cerebral
hemispheres are absent and replaced by sacs filled with fluid.
Because Dina’s head is nearly the size of her body, she must lie
down at all times. But Dina is conscious and aware. She smiles and
often tries to wave when she sees other people.
Five-year-old Rustam Zhanabayev lives in a foster home. His
genetic deformities were so severe that he was abandoned at birth
by his parents. He was diagnosed with malfunction of the brain and
hydranencephaly at the stage of decompensation. He will spend his
life in a wheelchair and is unable to move his head because it is too
heavy for his body.
These survivors of nuclear weapons testing are the living legacy of
The Polygon, the Soviet-era Nuclear Weapons Test Site in
Semipalatinsk — they are the human evidence of the damage
caused by radioactive nuclear fallout. Some are children who
cannot speak out for themselves due to disabilities and illness.
Some are young adults who, although challenged with physical
and developmental limitations, still want to enjoy all the things any
young person loves to do. Some are adults who have overcome
overwhelming odds to carve out their niche in life.
So far, three generations of people from Semey, as Semipalatinsk
is known today, have suffered from cancer, severe deformities
and illness caused by radioactive nuclear fallout. Most residents
of Semey do not live past 60 years of age. These survivors have
names and families and stories. Their humanity is evident in their
eyes and in their lives. But many are unable to stand up, let their
voices be heard and be counted in this world.
Their parents and grandparents did not know that when they went
outside and saw the sky light up with explosions and the mushroom
cloud hovering over the endless steppe, that they were part of a
devastating experiment that would affect them, their children and
generations to come.
Today, they are united in their desire to see a permanent end to
nuclear weapons testing and the abolition of all nuclear weapons.
You can join with these survivors and be counted as we unite to
put an end to nuclear weapons testing and make the world nuclear
weapons free.
MOMENTS OF TRUTH AND LIGHT:SURVIVOR STORIES FROM THE SEMIPALATINISK TEST SITE
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WHOLE FAMILIES SUFFER THE CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR RADIATION THEY WERE UNWITTINGLY EXPOSED TO DURING THE TESTING AT SEMIPALATINSK.
Gulnara Kynasheva, b. 1965
Akhsuat Village, Abai Region, Semey,
Eastern Kazakhstan
Gulnara’s health has been badly affected
by exposure to nuclear radiation, a
consequence of nuclear weapons testing.
She suffers from goiter, as well as chronic
bronchitis. Gunara’s two sons also suffer
from the effects of nuclear radiation. Her
oldest son has severe vision problems and
her younger son was born with intracranial
pressure. So far, three generations of
Semey residents have lived with the effects
of the testing that was carried out from
1949 to 1991 in the region.
Indira Nizamiyeva, b. 1967
Beskaragai District, Semey Region,
Eastern Kazakhstan
Indira was born with various bone issues.
She spends most of her time in the hospital,
trying to find the best treatment for her
medical issues. While she believes that the
tests “must have been needed for science,”
she knows the results of the nuclear testing
were tragic.
Dulat Kulshymanov, b. 1984
Karauyl Village, Abai District, Semey Region,
Eastern Kazakhstan
Twenty-seven-year-old Dulat suffers
from congenial kyphoscoliosis or severe
curvature of the spine. Dulat says he
often ponders what life would be like if he
were “like everyone else,” but despite the
challenges he faces each day, Dulat has
dedicated himself to learning new things
and adapting his daily life to overcome even
the most difficult obstacles. He has even
learned to ride a bicycle. Abylai Berikov, b. 1994
Kundizdi Village, Abai District, Semey
Region, Eastern Kazakhstan
Abylai Berikov is a music student at Mukan
Tleubayev Musical College in Semey,
Kazakhstan. He is also a victim of nuclear
weapons testing. “I heard about the tests
from my parents, saw it on TV and read
about it on the Internet. Myself, I am the
evidence of the consequences of harm
these test cause to human health. I suffer
from congenial kyphoscoliosis, or severe
curvature of the spine. It’s painful to walk,
to even move a little bit. But the strongest
pain I feel is when I see peoples’ looks.
Once there was a group of young people
who were looking at me and laughing at
me — that was one of the most painful
things in my life. I want to be perceived as a
normal member of a community. I practice
music and I want others to see not only the
imperfection of my body, but the beauty
of my soul as well. My aim is to learn as
much as possible, so as to distract from the
sickness. I will compose my songs, play my
musical instruments and hope that nowhere
else on earth will such test sites exist — so
people will never again suffer from the
disastrous power of these weapons.”
“I PRACTICE MUSIC AND I WANT OTHERS TO SEE NOT ONLY THE IMPERFECTION OF MY BODY, BUT THE BEAUTY OF MY SOUL.”
Nurly Ardakkyzy, b. 1999
Karaul Village, Abai Region, Semey,
Eastern Kazakhstan
Nurly is a beautiful young girl with shining
eyes. Nurly is calm and poised — and she
T H E A T O M P R O J E C T . O R G
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is talented. She likes to sing and dance
with her friends. Nurly is also a victim of
nuclear weapons testing who has Pitofizor
dwarfism. For Nurly, that means that
although she is 13 years old, she appears
to be about seven years of age. Her growth
and development have been stunted, and
she is currently in the second grade, many
grades below her peers. Nurly lives with,
and is being raised by, her grandparents
who work hard to provide her with a good
education, warmth and love.
THIRTEEN YEAR OLD NURLY LIKES TO SING AND DANCE WITH HER FRIENDS, IN SPITE OF THE CHALLENGES SHE FACES.
Amangali Musagaliuly, b. 1942
Arkhat Village, Abai District, Semey Region,
Eastern Kazakhstan
Amangali was just a young boy during the
weapons testing in Eastern Kazakhstan, but
he recalls those days with extreme clarity
and raw emotion. “In August 1953, it was
announced that we were to be moved
due to nuclear weapons tests. Right on
the next day we packed our belongings
and were taken 50 kilometers away from
our village. I was only a little boy and it
was of great interest to me. I witnessed the
explosions myself. When tests were held,
the sky turned red and we saw a nuclear
mushroom. The next day, we went back in
our homes. We were told that the tests had
ended. In 1970, we were sent to the area
of the test site for haymaking. The grass
was burned, we found twisted railways and
damage. Until 1992, I worked in this area.
Once my compatriots told me they saw
something on the side of the mountains.
When we went there to check it, we saw
tanks, cars, etc., which I believe were put
there to test how they would sustain a burst
wave.”
“I WANT PEOPLE TO LIVE IN PEACE AND HARMONY.”
Amangali and his friends didn’t realize at
the time what they were witnessing. They
had no way of knowing about the threat to
their health. “Today, I can feel myself how
it all affected my health,” says Amangali.
“I have been in the hospital already for
five months. Doctors said that I have
spots in my lungs. All this is connected
with my exposure to radiation. I wish for
future generations to be healthy and for
sicknesses not to be transmitted further
to our children and grandchildren. I want
people to live in peace and harmony.”
SEMEY ORPHANAGE Symbat Abdikarimova, Director
Symbat has worked at the Semey
Orphanage for 13 years. She sees first-
hand, every day, the damage that nuclear
weapons testing can do. She sees it in the
faces and bodies of the children she cares
for.
She believes that the children from this
region will experience health problems
caused by nuclear weapons testing
for many generations due to the gene
mutations caused by the nuclear fallout.
There are 80 children in the orphanage
suffering from various pathologies,
deformities and disabilities. The etymologies
of their medical issues sometimes cannot
be defined clearly, but Symbat has seen
enough to believe that these problems
were ultimately caused by exposure to
nuclear radiation and the resulting genetic
mutations that have been passed down
through generations.
THE SURVIVORS OF THE POLYGON HAVE NOW SHARED THEIR STORIES WITH THE WORLD. TELL THEM YOU HEAR THEIR WISHES FOR PEACE, YOU KNOW THEIR PRAYERS FOR HOPE, AND YOU BELIEVE IN A NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-FREE WORLD TODAY— AND FOR GENERATIONS TO COME.
SIGN ON TODAY FOR A NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-FREE WORLD AT THEATOMPROJECT.ORG
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THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR
1934 - Leó Szilárd patents concept of nuclear chain reaction.
1939 - January - Otto Robert Frisch confirms Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman’s discovery of nuclear fission.
1940 - April - Military Application of Uranium Detonation Committee investigates feasibility of an atomic bomb.
1941 - February - Plutonium discovered.
1942 - August-November - The Manhattan Project established.
1945 - July - The first nuclear explosion, the Trinity test, occurs near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
1945 - August 6 - “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima, Japan.
1945 - August 9 - “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.
1949 - August - The Soviet Union conducts its first atomic test, First Lightning.
1949 - The Soviet nuclear weapons program chose a test site outside the Kazakhstan city of Semipalatinsk. From 1949 until 1989, 456 nuclear weapons tests were conducted at the site.
1951 - China and the Soviet Union sign an agreement whereby China would supply uranium ore in exchange for assistance producing nuclear weapons.
1952 - October - The United Kingdom conducts Operation Hurricane, the first test of a British nuclear weapon, detonated in a lagoon between the Montebello Islands, Western Australia.
1952 - November - The United States test the first fusion bomb, “Ivy Mike”.
1953 - The first nuclear-tipped rockets deployed by the United States.
1953 - August - The Soviet Union conducts its first test of a hydrogen bomb.
1954 - February - The United States detonates its first deliverable thermonuclear weapon at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, leading to the worst radiological disaster in U.S. history.
1956 - The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission is established.
1957 - July - The International Atomic Energy Agency is founded.
1960 - February - France successfully tests a nuclear weapon, in the French Sahara.
1961 - October - The Soviet Union detonates Tsar Bomba, the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated.
1964 - October - China successfully tests an atomic bomb at Lop Nur.
1965 - January - The Soviet Union detonates Chagan.
1967 - June - China successfully tests a hydrogen bomb.
1968 - July - The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty opens for signatures. This treaty is intended to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. To date, 189 countries have signed the treaty, including the five permanent members of the UN Security Council. Only India, Israel, Pakistan and North Korea have not signed the treaty (as sovereign states).
1974 - May - India tests its first nuclear device, “Smiling Buddha”, at Pokhran.
1991 - South Africa signs the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
1991 - August - President Nursultan Nazarbayev of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic shuts down the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, where 42 years earlier the Soviet Union conducted its first nuclear test. Four months later, the Soviet Union collapses.
1991 - December - Kazakhstan and the U.S. establish full diplomatic relations. The fate of the nuclear arsenal in Kazakhstan is a top priority for both countries.
1991 - The Soviet Union ceases to exist. Kazakhstan inherits the world’s fourth largest nuclear arsenal.
1992 - May - Kazakhstan signs Lisbon Protocol to the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START I Treaty), renouncing possession of nuclear weapons and accepting responsibility for ensuring nuclear non-proliferation.
1992 - July - Kazakhstan’s Parliament ratifies START I Treaty.
1993 - December - Kazakhstan’s Parliament ratifies the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty.
1993 - President Nursultan Nazarbayev and U.S. Vice President Albert Gore sign the Framework Agreement, opening the way for implementation of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (Nunn-Lugar program) in Kazakhstan.
1994 – November - 581 kg of highly-enriched uranium, enough to produce 20-25 nuclear warheads, are moved to the United States from the Ulba Metallurgical Plant in Kazakhstan under Project Sapphire, a Kazakhstan-U.S. secret operation.
TIMELINE
T H E A T O M P R O J E C T . O R G
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1995 - May - The last nuclear device is destroyed at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Kazakhstan through a conventional explosion.
1998 - May - India tests five more nuclear weapons as part of Operation Shakti at the Pokhran test site.
1998 - May - Pakistan detonates five highly-enriched uranium nuclear weapons in the Chagai Hills.
1999 - September - The Tokyo Conference on Semipalatinsk is held resulting in a decision to implement 38 rehabilitation projects in the Semipalatinsk region.
2000 - July - The last test tunnel (out of 181 tunnels and 13 unused test holes) is destroyed at the Degelen Mountain complex at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan.
2002 - January - A joint Kazakhstan- U.S. project--a public-private sector partnership-- starts separating low-enriched uranium from uranium concentrate.
2002 - February - The joint project begins to securely transport fresh highly-enriched uranium fuel from the BN-350 reactor to blend it down at the Ulba Metallurgical Plant.
2003 - North Korea announces that it has several nuclear explosives.
2005 - September - Kazakhstan accedes to the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism.
2005 - December - The U.N. General Assembly unanimously adopts a resolution calling upon the international community to continue to support the rehabilitation of the Semipalatinsk region and its population.
2006 - May - Kazakhstan and the U.S. sign an agreement under the Second Line of Defense programme calling for greater cooperation in preventing illicit trafficking of nuclear materials.
2006 - July - Kazakhstan becomes one of the founding members of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism announced by Russia and the U.S.
2006 - October - North Korea tests a nuclear weapon for the first time.
2007 - July - Astana hosts the 3rd meeting of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism.
2009 -December 2 - The United Nations General Assembly unanimously passes the resolution proclaiming August 29 the International Day against Nuclear Tests.
2012 - January 1 - The International Atomic Energy Agency approves Kazakhstan to host the world’s first international nuclear fuel bank at the Ulba Metallurgical Plant in Ust-Kamenogorsk in eastern Kazakhstan.
2012 - March 26-27 - At the 2nd Global Nuclear Security Summit in Seoul, Presidents Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan, Dmitry Medvedev of Russia and Barack Obama of the United States announce the completion of all major work to ensure the safety of the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site.
2012 - August 28-30 - The conference “From a Nuclear Test Ban to a Nuclear-Weapons-Free World” takes place in Astana and Semey.
2012 - August 29 - President Nursultan Nazarbayev launches The ATOM Project, a global petition campaign for a nuclear-weapons- free world.
2012 - October - Kazakh, U.S. and Russian experts announce the completion of a multi-year project to permamently seal dozens of test tunnels at the former Semipalatinsk test site, securing hundreds of kilograms of highly enriched uranium left there as residue from the dozens of underground nuclear weapon tests, thus ensuring the permanent safety of these materials.
2013 - The ATOM Project holds events and symposia throughout the year under the theme “Looking for Peace” in Moscow, New York, Washington, DC, Tokyo and Berlin. On August 29, the ATOM Project stages a global Minute of Silence to commemorate all the victims of the nuclear tests conducted around the world.
2013 - November - The Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Mazhilis of the Parliament of Kazakhstan hold an international conference “Nuclear Security in the Modern World. Role of Parliamentarians in Nuclear Disarmament and Nonproliferation in Saing Petersburg, Russia, where The ATOM Project receives a strong endorsement.
2014 - February - The ATOM Project is presented at an event in the U.S. Senate in Washington, DC, urging the lawmakers to support the ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
2014 - March - More than 50 heads of state and goverment and leaders of international organizations gather in The Hague for the 3rd Global Nuclear Security Summit, pledging to enhance cooperation in ensuring the security of their nuclear materials.
“I BELIEVE IT IS SAFE TO CLAIM THAT THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NUCLEAR TESTS IS SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 2 MILLION AND 6 MILLION DEATHS, AND UP TO 20 MILLION PEOPLE WITH SEVERE HEALTH IMPACTS, INCLUDING CANCERS (SOME OF WHICH ARE TREATABLE, BUT CAN REDUCE QUALITY OF LIFE) AND BIRTH DEFECTS.”ALYN WARE, GLOBAL COORDINATOR, PARLAMENTARIANS FOR NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION & DISARMAMENT
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T H E A T O M P R O J E C T . O R G
SIGN ON FOR A NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-FREE WORLD
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