The Atom The Atom Part Charge Location

Proton Positive (+) In the nucleus (center core)

Neutron Neutral ( ) No charge

In the nucleus

Electrons Negative (-) Orbiting around the nucleus

Atom VocabularyAtom Vocabulary

Mass number - sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Atomic mass - the average mass of all isotopes of an element.

Atomic number - the number of protons in the nucleus.

Isotopes - atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons. Such as Carbon 12, 13, and 14.

Mass number - sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Atomic mass - the average mass of all isotopes of an element.

Atomic number - the number of protons in the nucleus.

Isotopes - atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons. Such as Carbon 12, 13, and 14.

Periodic TablePeriodic Table

Rows are called periods. There are 7.

Columns are called families/groups. There are 18.

Information in one box:Atomic Number 26Element Symbol FeElement Name IronAtomic Mass 55.847

Rows are called periods. There are 7.

Columns are called families/groups. There are 18.

Information in one box:Atomic Number 26Element Symbol FeElement Name IronAtomic Mass 55.847

1st published by Mendeleev in 1869

MetalsMetals

Physical PropertiesLuster - shininessMalleable-hammered or rolled into flat sheets

Ductile-pulled out or drawn into a long wire

Conductivity-ability to transfer heat or electricity

Color-produced when heatedMagnetic-attracted to a magnet

Physical PropertiesLuster - shininessMalleable-hammered or rolled into flat sheets

Ductile-pulled out or drawn into a long wire

Conductivity-ability to transfer heat or electricity

Color-produced when heatedMagnetic-attracted to a magnet

Metals ContinuedMetals Continued

Chemical Properties

Reactivity-ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts with other elements and compounds

Corrosion-the destruction of a metal (rust)

Chemical Properties

Reactivity-ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts with other elements and compounds

Corrosion-the destruction of a metal (rust)

Metal Family NamesMetal Family Names

Family 1 - Alkali Metals (react with other elements by losing one electron) ex. Na and K

Family 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals (react with other elements by losing two electrons) ex. Mg and Ca

Families 3-12 - Transition Metals (good conductors of electricity) ex. Fe, Au, Ag, Cu

Family 1 - Alkali Metals (react with other elements by losing one electron) ex. Na and K

Family 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals (react with other elements by losing two electrons) ex. Mg and Ca

Families 3-12 - Transition Metals (good conductors of electricity) ex. Fe, Au, Ag, Cu

Family Names ContinuedFamily Names Continued

Families 13-15 - Metals in Mixed Groups - not as reactive as those elements on the left side of the periodic table

Lanthanides and Actinides - found at the bottom of the periodic table part of period 6 and 7 respectively

Families 13-15 - Metals in Mixed Groups - not as reactive as those elements on the left side of the periodic table

Lanthanides and Actinides - found at the bottom of the periodic table part of period 6 and 7 respectively

NonmetalsNonmetals

Properties:Poor conductorsBrittle - breaks apart easilyDullMost are gasesReactive with other elements

Properties:Poor conductorsBrittle - breaks apart easilyDullMost are gasesReactive with other elements

Nonmetal Family NamesNonmetal Family Names

Family 14 - Carbon Family (can gain lose or share 4 electrons when reacting with other elements) ex. Carbon is contained in anything living or was once living

Family 15 - Nitrogen Family (can gain or share 3 electrons when reacting) ex. Nitrogen - makes up 78% of the air you breathe

Family 16 - Oxygen Family (can gain or share 2 electrons) Oxygen makes up 21% of the air you breathe

Family 14 - Carbon Family (can gain lose or share 4 electrons when reacting with other elements) ex. Carbon is contained in anything living or was once living

Family 15 - Nitrogen Family (can gain or share 3 electrons when reacting) ex. Nitrogen - makes up 78% of the air you breathe

Family 16 - Oxygen Family (can gain or share 2 electrons) Oxygen makes up 21% of the air you breathe

Nonmetal Families Continued

Nonmetal Families Continued

Family 17 - The Halogen Family (can gain or share 1 electron when reacting) **All of the halogens are very reactive ex. F, Cl, Br, I, and At

Family 18 - The Noble Gases (do not ordinarily form compounds because atoms of noble gases do not usually gain, lose, or share electrons) ex: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn

Family 17 - The Halogen Family (can gain or share 1 electron when reacting) **All of the halogens are very reactive ex. F, Cl, Br, I, and At

Family 18 - The Noble Gases (do not ordinarily form compounds because atoms of noble gases do not usually gain, lose, or share electrons) ex: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn

The MetalloidsThe Metalloids

Metalloids have some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.

The most useful property of the metalloids is their varying ability to conduct electricity.

Semiconductors - substances that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under other conditions

Ex. Si, Ge, As

Metalloids have some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.

The most useful property of the metalloids is their varying ability to conduct electricity.

Semiconductors - substances that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under other conditions

Ex. Si, Ge, As

Element FactsElement Facts

Iron (Fe) - the blood elementPotassium (K) - found in bananasCalcium (Ca) - necessary for strong teeth and bones

Lead (Pb) - once used in gasoline, pencils and paint

Aluminum (Al) - lightweight metal used in house siding, beverage cans and airplane bodies.

Hydrogen (H) - makes up over 90% of the universe

Iron (Fe) - the blood elementPotassium (K) - found in bananasCalcium (Ca) - necessary for strong teeth and bones

Lead (Pb) - once used in gasoline, pencils and paint

Aluminum (Al) - lightweight metal used in house siding, beverage cans and airplane bodies.

Hydrogen (H) - makes up over 90% of the universe