The ASHRAE Building Energy Labeling Program

THE ASHRAE BUILDING ENERGY LABELING PROGRAMWilliam P. Bahnfleth, PhD, PE, FASHRAE, FASMEThe Pennsylvania State University

ASHRAE Illinois ChapterDecember 11, 2012

Outline • Background • ASHRAE’s Labeling Program –Overview • In-Operation bEQ Details • bEQ and Certification • Relationship of bEQ to Other Programs • Program Implementation • Current Status • Summary • Further Information

11 Dec 2012 ASHRAE Illinois Chapter

Background


Labeling = Energy Certification

L. Pérez-Lombard, et al. 2009. Energy and Buildings 41: 272-278.

• Description of energy use characteristics • Information for prospective users concerning efficiency • Options for improvement


Objectives/Benefits of Labeling • Promote energy efficiency in real estate market

• Identify buildings with good performance for potential tenants/buyers

• Identify energy efficiency measures

• Support regulation of building efficiency

• Add to building performance database


Why is ASHRAE getting involved? • Technical capability • Experience as a consensus standards developer • Growing emphasis on building performance • Energy certification is being implemented worldwide—

ASHRAE’s global influence supports consistent standards


Other Building Rating Efforts • International - EU, Singapore, Canada… • U.S.:

• EPA ENERGY STAR • DOE asset rating (under development) • USGBC LEED • GBI Green Globes – Sustainability rating • BOMA 360 – Energy is one of six O&M-focused criteria • State disclosure programs– California, New York, DC…


Status of US Disclosure Programs


Source: Institute for Market Transformation http://www.imt.org/performance-policy/us-policies updated 11/12

http://www.imt.org/performance-policy/us-policies

Coverage of Current Disclosure Policies


Source: Institute for Market Transformation http://www.imt.org/performance-policy/us-policies updated 11/12

Floor area, ft2 # of Buildings

http://www.imt.org/performance-policy/us-policies

Why Should Professionals & Owners Care? • Professionals

• An additional service for consulting firms and others • Required certifications demonstrate competency

• Owners • Benchmarking • Participation enhances a company’s image reputation • Economic benefit of improving design and operation • Potential for mandatory labeling and related requirements in future


Key Issues • Modeled or measured (new/existing) • Performance index • Energy labeling scale • Energy modeling/measurement method • Information gathering requirements (what, by whom) • Identification of energy efficiency measures • Communication: (label, dashboard, certificate, workbook) • Implementation: voluntary vs. mandatory


ASHRAE’s Labeling Program - Overview


“Building Energy Quotient” (bEQ)• “As Designed” rating

• New or existing building• Based on components specified in design• Rates quality of building design• Based on energy model by certified modeler (BEMP)

• “In Operation” rating• Existing buildings• Based on measured energy use• Rates combined effect of design and operation• Requires 12-18 months of operation for new buildings• Includes ASHRAE Level 1 audit by certified assessor (BEAP)

Based on energy model by certified modeler (BEMP)


Performance Index • What is measured?

• Site energy • Source energy • On-site renewables • Emissions

• What is the reference case? • Occupancy • Climate zone • ???


ASHRAE’s Index

• Normalized Source Energy Use Intensity • Modeled (As Designed) or

measured (In Operation) energy per unit of area

• Represent as % of modeled or calculated reference value


As Designed bEQ • EUIAs-Built

• Source energy use of actual building design computed using standard occupancy and operational schedules

• Site-source conversion based on typical conversion factors

• EUIStandard • Representative middle-of-distribution performance

100As BuiltAs Designed

Standard

EUIbEQEUI

−= ⋅


In Operation bEQ • EUIMeasured

• Measured energy use intensity

• EUIMedian • Median measured energy use for similar type, climate

100MeasuredIn Operation

Median

EUIbEQEUI

= ⋅


As Designed & In Operation Rating Coordination? • Ideally, could compare asset and operational rating

• However...

• Modeling for asset rating based on standardized assumptions • In Operation rating reflects behavior of real occupants, may

included loads not modeled in asset rating

• Modeling rules need to achieve ~ median EUI for real

buildings


Rating Scale Approaches Statistical Technical Potential

Compare value to mean of actual distribution Compare to what is possible, practical, typical as defined by codes

Technical potential scales can rate performance that falls outside the current distribution, like net zero or net positive buildings


Technical Potential vs. Statistical Scale


Communication – bEQ Scales Rating Scale Rating Description

Original Revised Original Revised ≤0 ≤0 A+ Net-Zero Energy Zero Net Energy

1-25 1-25 A High Performance High Performance 26-50 26-55 A- Very Good Very Good 51-75 56-85 B Good Efficient 76-100 86-115 C Fair Average

101-125 116-145 D Poor Inefficient >125 >145 F Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory

Original descriptions and scale ranges have been adjusted based on pilot results.


Communication - bEQ Labels

Same label format and scale for “As Designed” and “In Operation”


Communication – bEQ Dashboard


EXAMPLE BUILDING Office000 MAIN STREET 2010ANYTOWN, ST 00000

A+

Net Zero Energy

A

A-

B

C

D

F

Total Measured Building Energy Use (kBtu)

Total Modeled Building Energy Use (kBtu)

Renewable Energy kBtuRenewable Energy %

Renewable Energy kBtuRenewable Energy %

0

25

55

85

100Modeled ECI($/ft2-yr) 115

145Previous As Designed Rating

Scores

ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager

Other Ratings Awarded

Measured Source EUI(kBtu/ft2-yr)

Measured ECI($/ft2-yr)

Previous In Operation Rating Scores

Building Energy Quotient Dashboard BUILDING TYPE:

Buildng Gross Square Footage

Original Consruction DateMajor Renovation Dates

Measured Site EUI(kBtu/ft2-yr)

Buildng Gross Square Footage

In Operation

ASSESSMENT YEAR:

Median

WORST

BESTAs Designed

Original Consruction DateMajor Renovation Dates

Typical

ENERGY STAR Target Finder

Other Ratings Awarded

Modeled Site EUI(kBtu/ft2-yr)

Modeled Source EUI(kBtu/ft2-yr)

As Designed

Communication – bEQ Certificate • More detailed documentation including,

• Site/source use by energy source type • Electric demand • Energy cost • Emissions • Energy saving features • Subsystem energy use • IEQ compliance • …


bEQ Certificate


Communication- Workbook

• Detailed data and analysis that is the basis of the rating

• Completed by the professional

• Submitted electronically to ASHRAE for rating


In-Operation bEQ Details


Process • Owner retains BEAP certified assessor, pays assessor

directly based on negotiated fees • Owner pays $500 registration fee to ASHRAE • Assessor performs audit (“level 1 +”) and completes forms

(Excel spreadsheet) • Forms are uploaded to ASHRAE web site together with

signed Terms and Conditions form • Submittal is reviewed/approved by bEQ Committee • Complaint procedure for disputed ratings


Workbook – Terms and Conditions


Form 1 - Building Characteristics• Building contact person

• Year of construction• Area, floors• Brief description• Renovation history• Commissioning history• On-site renewables• Design and operational credentials


Form 2 – Energy Calculations


Form 3 – IEQ Screening• Confirm that IEQ has not been compromised by pursuit of energy efficiency

• Measurements on identified areas

• Optional survey• Comfort• Lighting• Ventilation


Form 4 – Suggestions for Additional Energy Savings• Envelope• Lighting• HVAC• Utility Operation• Based on judgment of assessor

• Include rough cost and payback estimate


Form 5 – Energy End-Use Breakdown

• Optional, if data is available

• Assessor fills in table and pie chart is generated automatically


bEQ and Certification


Required Certifications • As Designed rating – Building Energy Modeling

Professional (BEMP) • In Operation rating – Building Energy Assessment

Professional (BEAP) • ASHRAE Certification information web page

http://www.ashrae.org/education--certification/certification ASHRAE certifications require • Combination of education and experience • Mastery of specified body of knowledge (pass exam) • Periodic renewal


http://www.ashrae.org/education--certification/certification

Building Energy Modeling Professional

• Certify ability to: • evaluate and choose • use and calibrate • interpret the results of

energy modeling software applied to new and existing buildings

• >200 certified since start of program in 2010

• Certificants from US, Brazil, Canada, India, Ireland, Turkey


Building Energy Assessment Professional • Certify ability to audit and analyze

residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, including: • determining project scope • collecting data • analyzing building performance • interpreting results • evaluating alternatives • recommending energy conservation

measures • assisting with ECM implementation

• >100 certified since start of program in Feb. 2011

• Certificants from US, Argentina, Puerto Rico


Find certified individuals at ASHRAE web


Illinois BEAP & BEMP Certifications


bEQ vis a vis Other Programs


Europe • Directive 2002/91/EC On the energy performance of buildings • Standard EN 15217 Energy performance of buildings—

methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings (2007)

• Explicit effort to learn from EU experience

Austria

England & Wales

Greece

Italy


ENERGY STAR (US EPA) • Statistical rating – recognizes top 25% of buildings of similar type • Pass/no-pass • Awarded to ~9000 buildings of ~120,000 evaluated 1999 - 2009 • Based on 2003 CBECS data most ENERGY STAR buildings would

receive a “B” or better bEQ

Type 25% 50% bEQ Grade Description Retail 64 128 50 A- Very Good Office-Mixed 108 167 65 B Efficient Hospital 378 414 91 C Average Dormitory 92 116 79 B Average Median -- -- 64 B Efficient

Based on data from Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us


http://epminst.us/

0

25

50

75

100

Refr

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se

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nt

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War

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Oth

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Reta

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(non

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Dist

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Cen

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Vehi

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Repa

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Rest

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Recr

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Fast

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Self-

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Med

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Offi

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)

Conv

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Pres

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Oth

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Med

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Offi

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oror

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Median, 64

C "Average" (86-115)

B "Efficient" (56-85)

A- "Very Good" (26-55)

A "High Performance" (1-25)

In Operation bEQ for Minimum ENERGY STAR

Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us

bEQ differentiates more – all 75 ENERGY STAR, but four bEQ levels


http://epminst.us/

Effect of Distribution Shape - Example Two hypothetical building types with normal distributions of EUI: same mean, different standard deviation


Effect of Distribution Shape – 2003 CBECS

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 25 50 75 100

Perc

ent o

f Med

ian

EUI

Percentile of Building Type EUI

Refrigerated Warehouse

Medical Office (diagnostic)

Hotel

Hospital/Inpatient Health

75 Energy Star

Minimum ENERGY STAR EUI varies from 15% to 91% of median

Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us


http://epminst.us/

LEED (USGBC) • 110 point scale covering site, water, energy/atmosphere,

materials/resources, IEQ, innovation/design process • 40 points for minimum “certified” rating, 50/60/80 for

silver/gold/platinum

• New Construction • Prerequisite 10% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007 • Energy efficiency: 1 – 19 points for exceeding ASHRAE 90.1 by 12 to 48% • “technical potential” basis

• Existing Buildings

• Prerequisite 69 ENERGY STAR equivalent • Energy efficiency 1 – 18 points for ENERGY STAR equivalent 71 – 95 • “statistical” basis

• bEQ could serve as a consistent energy rating method for both


US Department of Energy Asset Rating • “Asset” rating = as-designed • In development - source energy calculated from national

conversion factors like Portfolio Manager • Technical performance scale • Asset rating tool

• User enters data, does not perform simulation • Multiple levels of input detail • Simulation and report generated without user intervention

• Free/cheap – two levels of rating • Too early to judge impact on bEQ – early discussions

about complementary relationship…we’ll see • Soliciting partners for pilot, ASHRAE is enrolled


DOE Calculation Method


Source: Commercial Building Energy Asset Rating Pilot Project Information Session , March 2012, Nora Wang & Cody Taylor

Program Implementation


bEQ Development Plan

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

ASHRAE Labeling Program Kick-off

Pilot Buildings Selected

Modeling certification available

In Operation Pilot Period

As Designed Pilot Period

Assessor Certification Available

In Operation Rating Launched

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

bEQ Program - Rollout Schedule

20102009

2009 2010 2011 2012

2011 2012


In Operation Rating Pilot


In Operation Pilot • Rated 21high profile buildings around the U.S.–from some

of the largest private and public landlords • Building characteristics

• Mostly office buildings, pre-1900 to post-2005, median 1985 • <100,000 sf to >1,000,000 sf • DOE climate zones 2 – 6 • Most ENERGY STAR rated

• Provisional assessors (pre-BEAP)


Major Participants11 Dec 2012 ASHRAE Illinois Chapter

In Operation Pilot Findings • Most good buildings will get a grade of “B” – some better,

some worse (Pilot: 5 A-, 14 B, 2 C using adjusted scale) • Energy savings opportunities seen as most beneficial

aspect of program • Occupant surveys were not accepted in the marketplace • Typical professional hours 35-40 for ratings • Building personnel need to be engaged


Issues from In Operation Rating Pilot • Need to maintain differentiation from ENERGY STAR and

other alternative programs to secure marketplace niche • Costs for obtaining labels • Extending rating normalization to additional building types • Reaction of owners to less than stellar ratings?

• Scale was adjusted based on pilot results • Nine of twenty-one pilot buildings requested labels: 4 A- rated

buildings and 5 B rated buildings


As Designed Rating Pilot


Issues/Approach • Compare model of actual building with reference building

• Modeling rules for schedules, plug loads, etc.? • What is the baseline? • What is the significance of modeler effect?

• To maximize ability to compare with operational rating (CBECS-based for US) use DOE Benchmark Building models for small, medium, large office buildings with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 equipment efficiencies

• To investigate modeler effect, each pilot building will be modeled by 2-3 BEMPs


Current Status


As of November 2012 • In-Operation Rating

• Launched in March 2012 • Four submissions to date, one awarded, two pending • First labeled building: Philadelphia Navy Yard Building 101

• As-Designed Rating • Pilot still underway • Goal of roll-out in early 2013


Summary


Summary • ASHRAE’s bEQ labelling program...

• is essentially a voluntary certification program • is a technical potential method that draws on successful features of

other US and European building certifications • complements or could complent other green building rating

systems and energy certification programs • can be a tool to stimulate adoption of high performance building

techniques

• In Operation rating launched in March 2012 • As Designed rating launch expected in early 2013


Further Information • ASHRAE bEQ web site: http://www.buildingenergyquotient.org/

• Technical Questions: [email protected] • ASHRAE Staff: Lilas Pratt – Manager, Special Projects Phone: 678-539-1193 Email: [email protected]

• ASHRAE bEQ Committee:

• Amy Musser, Chair [email protected]

• Background • Pérez-Lombard, L., J. Ortiz, R. Gonález, I. Maestre. 2009. A review of

benchmarking, rating and labelling concepts within the framework of building energy certification schemes. Energy and Buildings 41: 272-278.

• Bill Bahnfleth [email protected]


http://www.buildingenergyquotient.org/

mailto:[email protected]





Documents

The ASHRAE Building Energy Labeling Program