The Article2 Eso

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Indefinite Articles: a and an

"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group. Forexample:

• "My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog. We dont !now

whih dog beause we ha#ent found the dog yet.

• $A ow has horns%

• "When & was at the 'oo, & saw an elephant(" )ere, were tal!ing about a single, non*speifi

thing, in this ase an elephant. There are probably se#eral

Remember, using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word. So...

• a + singular noun beginning with a onsonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog

• an + singular noun beginning with a #owel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an

orphan

• a + singular noun beginning with a onsonant sound: a user sounds li!e yoo*'er, i.e.

begins with a onsonant y sound, so a is used- a uni#ersity a uniyle an /uropeanountry, a one*way ti!et

• &n some ases where "h" is pronouned, suh as "historial," us an:

0emember, too, that in /nglish, the indefinite artiles are used to indiate membership in a group:or professions

• & am a teaher. & am a member of a large group !nown as teahers.-

• 1ei!o is a pratiing 2uddhist. 1ei!o is a member of the group of people !nown as

2uddhists.-

Definite Article: the

The definite artile is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is speifi or partiular.

• "The dog that bit me ran away."

Count and Non countable Nouns

The an be used with non ountable nouns, or the artile an be omitted entirely."& lo#e to sail o#er the water" some speifi body of water- or "& lo#e to sail o#er water" any water-.")e spilled the mil! all o#er the floor" some speifi mil!, perhaps the mil! you bought earlier thatday- or ")e spilled mil! all o#er the floor" any mil!-.se of the with common placesWe use the with

Restaurants, !otels "useums #heatres cinemasThe Hilton The Science Museum, The National Theatre The Odeon

$e don%t use the with the &name of place &airport, station, uni'ersit( ,castle but we usethe...............of Munich airport, Westminster abbey, Victoria Station, dinburg !astle, !ambridge "ni#ersity The

zoo o$ %ondon$e don%t use the with the words, school, uni'ersit(, church, bed, hospital, prison homewor) if I am referring to the as a student prisoner etc& go to school by car, my mother dri#es meMy mother is going to the school because she has to talk to my teacher She is n hospital she has to be operatedHe 'orks in the hospital as a (anitor

*mission of Articles

1ome ommon types of nouns that dont ta!e an artile are:Names of languages and nationalities: !hinese, nglish, Spanish, )ussian Names of sports: #olleyball, hockey, baseball

Names of academic sub+ects: mathematics, biology, history, computer scienceNames of meals She ne#er has break$ast dinner is ready resident, )ing ,-ueen, ope when the name of the person is mentioned



*ueen lizabeth && 'ill #isit +ustralia net year

eographical use of the

There are some speifi rules for using the with geographial nouns.Do not use the before:

names of most countries3territories: &taly, Meico, -oli#ia howe#er, the 4etherlands, the 5ominian 0epubli, the 6nited 1tatesnames of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami names of streets, roads or S/uares: Washington -l#d., Main St. names of la)es and ba(s: %ake Titicaca, %ake rie exept with a group of la!es li!e the/reat %akes names of mountains: Mount #erest, Mount 0u(i exept with ranges of mountains li!e the +ndes or the )ockies or unusual names li!e the Matterhorn names of continents Asia, /urope-

names of islands /aster &sland, Maui, 7ey West- exept with island hains li!e the Aleutians, the )ebrides, or the Canary &slands the 8hilippines,

W/ use the before:

names of ri'ers, oceans and seas,canals,Channels: the Nile, the 1aci$ic ,the Suez!anal ,the nglish !hannel points on the globe: the 2uator, the North 1ole geographical areas: the Middle ast, the West deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the 1ersian /ul$, the -lack 0orest, the&berian 1eninsula

9 Fill in the blan!s with the suitable artile a, the or x9. .. lo#e is more important than ......... money.;. & ouldnt hear him beause of............. noise of the <et=. )e heard ........ strange noise behind the wall.>. What !ind of ............. musi do you listen to?@. & thin! .... guitar is the best instrument to play.. & thin! its made of .................. wood.B. Would you li!e ............. up of tea?. &m studying ................ /nglish language.D. & dont use ............... salt when &m oo!ing.9E. &ts ........... half past se#en.99. What is............. name of this ountry?9;. Can you tell me .............. time? .

; Fill in the blan!s with the suitable artile a, the or x

9. 1wedish is a diffiult language to learn. ;. generals army atta!ed the ity at night.=. & li!e to play bas!etball. >. My parents ga#e me bas!etball for my birthday.@. 1he is prettiest girl in the shool. & ha#e idea( Gets go bowling.B. & ha#e borrowed money from her before.

. My first apartment was on Hrange 1treet.D. dress she is wearing is blue.9E. )e is real gentleman.



= Complete with $a%, $an% , $the% or $*$ if no artile is needed.1. 8aris is .apital of Frane. &Id li!e to #isit it one day.

2. 2rue is the only boy at shool who an spea! .. Chinese.

3. My grandmother has been playing .tennis sine she was 9;.

4. Alie lo#es wal!ing in rain. 1he li!es rainy days rather than sunny ones.

5. Ted is listening to ..news on ..radio. )e loo!s worried.

6. 8eter is blind and has got .guide dog that goes with him e#erywhere. ..dog is a ollie.

)e ouldnIt li#e without it.

7. When we were in Madrid we stayed at .0it', whih is .#ery expensi#e hotel.

8. 1tella dro#e .hildren to town entre last Monday.

9. &tIs #ery hot today and 2en has turned on ..fan to get some fresh air.

10. Jranny always ma!es dinner on Than!sgi#ing 5ay. 1he is ..exellent oo!.

11. AnnaIs at is sitting on ..window ledge loo!ing at ..moon.

12. Kesterday Lohn and Garry went to 'oo.

13. 7ent goes to ....bed late when he has ..exam.

14. 5a#id always has brea!fast in !ithen.

15. .......... little boy fell off............... biyle.

16. .......... hildren li!e.............. sweets.

17. . & ha#e lost................ boo! & too! out of.............. library.

18. . ............ ats lo#e.............. fish.

19. 1mo!ing................ igarettes is unhealthy.

20. Mr and Mrs Lones go to.................. hurh on............ 1unday.21. They go to.................... hurh round..............orner.

22. .................. students read.................... boo!s.

23. .................. student was reading.................boo! you ga#e him.

24. . ................. world is oming to an end on..........Friday.

25. )e goes to............... wor! while Mrs Lones stays at................... home.

26. ................. hildren go to..................... shool.

27. Mr Lones goes to................. offie while Mrs Lones stays at................. home.

28. They li#e in................... house on..................orner of................... street.

29. ................ hildren go to................. shool o#er there.

30. . .............. dogs are not allowed in................ par!.

31. ................... Ama'on flows from....................Andes to .................... Atlanti.

32. .................... ueen will spea! on....................Christmas 5ay.

33. Mary wants to learn................. Frenh before she goes to.................. Continent.

34. &n 8aris, we stayed at................ Jeorge N hotel, ate at............... MaximIs, and

#isited.............Gou#re

35. .............. 1miths were supposed to ome to............... lunh we ga#e at............ 0it',

but .............. Mrs 1mith phoned to say they had to ta!e................ young one to..............hospital

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The Article2 Eso