The area is also called Oceania because it has much more water than land. The area is also called...
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The South Pacific
The area is also called Oceania because it has much more water than land. The area is also called Oceania because it has much more water than land. Oceania
The area is also called Oceania because it has much more water
than land. The area is also called Oceania because it has much more
water than land. Oceania covers more than of the Earths surface.
Oceania covers more than of the Earths surface. There are two
continents in the South Pacific region Australia and Antarctica.
There are two continents in the South Pacific region Australia and
Antarctica.
Slide 3
There are thousands of islands in the South Pacific that are
formed in two main ways. There are thousands of islands in the
South Pacific that are formed in two main ways. 1. Volcanic
activity 2. Coral Volcanic Activity builds up land each time a
volcano erupts, eventually forming an island. These islands are
generally steep and mountainous. Volcanic Activity builds up land
each time a volcano erupts, eventually forming an island. These
islands are generally steep and mountainous.
Slide 4
Coral is the skeletons of tiny sea animals. As the coral builds
up, it makes a semicircular island called an atoll. Coral is the
skeletons of tiny sea animals. As the coral builds up, it makes a
semicircular island called an atoll. The water within the atoll is
called a lagoon. The water within the atoll is called a lagoon.
Coral islands are generally flat. Coral islands are generally
flat.
Slide 5
The Physical Environment The Ocean In one place mountains rise
from its floor forming islands. In another area the floor plunges
to 30,000 feet or more. In one place mountains rise from its floor
forming islands. In another area the floor plunges to 30,000 feet
or more. Mariana's Trench Mariana's Trench Mariana's Trench
Mariana's Trench Water temperatures near the equator can be up to
27C where near Antarctica they can be 0C. Water temperatures near
the equator can be up to 27C where near Antarctica they can be 0C.
It has abundant marine life whales, salmon, tuna, anchovies,
sardines, lobster, crab, shrimp, oysters, and even seaweed is
harvested from the Pacific. It has abundant marine life whales,
salmon, tuna, anchovies, sardines, lobster, crab, shrimp, oysters,
and even seaweed is harvested from the Pacific.
Slide 6
Landforms The two largest landmasses of Oceania are the
continents of Australia and Antarctica. The rest of the regions
land is made up of widely scattered islands.
Slide 7
LandformsAntarctica Centers on the south pole. Made up of
several large islands buried beneath a huge ice cap. Has mountains,
valleys, plains and even a smoking volcano. The ice cap contains
the largest amount of fresh water in the world. Remains of plants
found here help to prove the theory of drift. A year in
Antarctica
Slide 8
LandformsAustralia It is a little smaller than continental US.
It is a little smaller than continental US. It is the flattest of
the worlds continents. It is the flattest of the worlds continents.
The Great Dividing Range separates the well watered plain on the
southeastern coast from the dry, desolate plains and plateaus in
the west that are called the outback. The Great Dividing Range
separates the well watered plain on the southeastern coast from the
dry, desolate plains and plateaus in the west that are called the
outback.
Slide 9
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world
and is found off the northeastern coast. The Great Barrier Reef is
the largest coral reef in the world and is found off the
northeastern coast.Great Barrier ReefGreat Barrier Reef Early
explorers considered it dangerous for their ships but now it is a
hot spot for marine scientists and scuba divers. Early explorers
considered it dangerous for their ships but now it is a hot spot
for marine scientists and scuba divers.
Slide 10
The Islands Geographers divide Oceanias islands into 3 large
groups: Geographers divide Oceanias islands into 3 large groups:
Micronesia meaning small islands Micronesia meaning small islands
Melanesia meaning black islands Melanesia meaning black islands
Polynesia meaning many islands Polynesia meaning many islands The
islands are generally small. Exceptions are New Guinea, and both
the North and South islands of New Zealand. The islands are
generally small. Exceptions are New Guinea, and both the North and
South islands of New Zealand. Micronesia MelanesiaPolynesia
Slide 11
Climate and Ecosystems Cool South Pacific Facts All of the
Earths climates and ecosystems occur someplace in the South Pacific
region. All of the Earths climates and ecosystems occur someplace
in the South Pacific region. The lowest temperature ever recorded
was -88C, Antarctica. The lowest temperature ever recorded was
-88C, Antarctica. Many of the tropical islands average 27C all
year. Many of the tropical islands average 27C all year. Some parts
of the Australian outback may go years without a single drop of
rain. Some parts of the Australian outback may go years without a
single drop of rain. The windward slope of Hawaiis Mount Waialeale
is the wettest place on earth receiving an average of 460 inches
(38 feet)of rain a year. The windward slope of Hawaiis Mount
Waialeale is the wettest place on earth receiving an average of 460
inches (38 feet)of rain a year.
Slide 12
Antarcticas Climate Antarctica is a barren continent with a
polar ecosystem. Antarctica is a barren continent with a polar
ecosystem. The only animals that live here are coastal penguins and
seals. The only animals that live here are coastal penguins and
seals. Explorers, scientists, and photographers who visit
Antarctica must live in special camps to protect themselves from
the extreme cold. Explorers, scientists, and photographers who
visit Antarctica must live in special camps to protect themselves
from the extreme cold.
Slide 13
Australias Climate Not only the flattest continent, Australia
is also the driest. Not only the flattest continent, Australia is
also the driest. 1/3 of its land is desert, another 1/3 is
semiarid. 1/3 of its land is desert, another 1/3 is semiarid. Only
the northern and eastern edges of the continent have enough rain
for forests to grow. Only the northern and eastern edges of the
continent have enough rain for forests to grow.
Slide 14
Southeastern coast: Southeastern coast: rainfall is plentiful
rainfall is plentiful temperatures are mild temperatures are mild
the most productive farming region on the continent the most
productive farming region on the continent Northeastern coast &
Cape York Peninsula: Northeastern coast & Cape York Peninsula:
wettest parts of Australia wettest parts of Australia wet-and-dry
tropical climate wet-and-dry tropical climate Savanna grasslands
and forests of eucalyptus trees thrive here Savanna grasslands and
forests of eucalyptus trees thrive here
Slide 15
Interior & West Coast: Interior & West Coast: A desert
steppe ecosystem A desert steppe ecosystem The Great Dividing Range
on the east coast blocks the moisture from getting to the interior
The Great Dividing Range on the east coast blocks the moisture from
getting to the interior Only the occasional thunderstorm waters the
outback, then plants grow and bloom quickly. Only the occasional
thunderstorm waters the outback, then plants grow and bloom
quickly. Plants die quickly too due to lack of water, their seeds
lie in the ground for months, waiting for the next rain. Plants die
quickly too due to lack of water, their seeds lie in the ground for
months, waiting for the next rain.
Slide 16
The Islands Climate New Zealand: New Zealand: Has a true marine
climate with enough precipitation for forests Has a true marine
climate with enough precipitation for forests Winters are mild and
summers are warm and rainy on the North Island Winters are mild and
summers are warm and rainy on the North Island The South Island has
a cooler climate because it is close to the South Pole The South
Island has a cooler climate because it is close to the South
Pole
Slide 17
Melanesia: Melanesia: Wet tropical climate and tropical
rainforest ecosystem. Wet tropical climate and tropical rainforest
ecosystem. Polynesia/Micronesia: Polynesia/Micronesia: Temperatures
vary with elevation on the large, mountainous islands. Temperatures
vary with elevation on the large, mountainous islands. Smaller
islands have tropical or subtropical climates with wet and dry
seasons. Smaller islands have tropical or subtropical climates with
wet and dry seasons. Except where people cleared land, most smaller
islands have dense tropical vegetation. Except where people cleared
land, most smaller islands have dense tropical vegetation.
Slide 18
The Human Imprint People in Oceania are few in numbers and
widely scattered. It is only in the past 250 years that Europeans
have spread their culture here. Archaeologists believe that the
earliest humans arrived in Australia was 40,000 years ago. Many of
the smaller islands of the Pacific were discovered only in the past
2,000 years.
Slide 19
Early Peoples Australias original people are known as the
Aborigines. Australias original people are known as the Aborigines.
Traditionally lived by hunting and gathering Traditionally lived by
hunting and gathering Tools were made of wood, hide, bone, or stone
Tools were made of wood, hide, bone, or stone One of their weapons
was the boomerang One of their weapons was the boomerangboomerang A
didgeridoo is a traditional instrument. A didgeridoo is a
traditional instrument.didgeridoo Religious ceremonies and art were
important parts of their culture Religious ceremonies and art were
important parts of their culture
Slide 20
New Zealand was settled about 1,000 years ago by the Maoris.
New Zealand was settled about 1,000 years ago by the Maoris. Called
New Zealand Aotearoa the long white cloud Called New Zealand
Aotearoa the long white cloud They lived by farming They lived by
farming Were great warriors and skilled wood-carvers Were great
warriors and skilled wood-carvers Hakka Hakka Hakka
Slide 21
European Exploration No European had seen any of the South
Pacific before the 1500s. It was thought there must be a land mass
in the south to balance the earth. 1642 Abel Tasman (Dutch)
discovered New Zealand and Tasmania. James Cook (British) mapped
the coast of New Zealand, eastern Australia, Hawaii, and the edge
of Antarctica.
Slide 22
In some places European conquest meant disaster. The last
Tasmanian died in 1867. In Australia, many Aborigines were killed
in fighting and by disease, or driven from the best lands by
Europeans. In New Zealand, Maoris fought to hold their land, and
many died. Today both the Aborigines and Maoris have a place in
society, but have lost much of their traditional culture.
Slide 23
Settlement Patterns 90% of the people in Australia and New
Zealand today are of European decent. 90% of the people in
Australia and New Zealand today are of European decent. Europeans
make up a much smaller part of the population in the rest of
Oceania. Europeans make up a much smaller part of the population in
the rest of Oceania. Some 24 million people live in Oceania,
averaging only about 7 persons per square mile. Some 24 million
people live in Oceania, averaging only about 7 persons per square
mile. Australia has 16 million itself, but is thinly settled.
Australia has 16 million itself, but is thinly settled. Hawaii is
densely populated with more than 150 people per square mile. Hawaii
is densely populated with more than 150 people per square
mile.
Slide 24
Nearly 3 of every 4 people live in cities. Making a living by
farming or herding is very difficult. Nearly 3 of every 4 people
live in cities. Making a living by farming or herding is very
difficult. 85% of people live in cities in Australia, making it the
most urbanized continent. 85% of people live in cities in
Australia, making it the most urbanized continent. Sydney more than
3 million Sydney more than 3 million Melbourne almost 3 million
Melbourne almost 3 million Brisbane 1 million Brisbane 1 million
Adelaide almost 1 million Adelaide almost 1 million Brisbane Sydney
Adelaide Perth Melbourne
Slide 25
On the mountainous islands of Oceania, nearly everyone lives on
the narrow coastal plains. On the mountainous islands of Oceania,
nearly everyone lives on the narrow coastal plains. On the low
lying coral atolls, most people settle near the calm inner lagoon,
away from the stormy sea. On the low lying coral atolls, most
people settle near the calm inner lagoon, away from the stormy
sea.
Slide 26
Political Patterns Exploration and trade brought European
nations to the South Pacific. War, treaties and buying gave control
of most islands to the European countries (the Spanish, Portuguese,
Dutch, English, and French) Exploration and trade brought European
nations to the South Pacific. War, treaties and buying gave control
of most islands to the European countries (the Spanish, Portuguese,
Dutch, English, and French) The British held Australia and New
Zealand and much of Melanesia, until they gained their
independence. The British held Australia and New Zealand and much
of Melanesia, until they gained their independence. Spain held most
of Micronesia until they lost those islands through war. The US now
controls most of Micronesia along with several islands in Polynesia
including Hawaii. Spain held most of Micronesia until they lost
those islands through war. The US now controls most of Micronesia
along with several islands in Polynesia including Hawaii.
Independence is spreading throughout Oceanias islands. Independence
is spreading throughout Oceanias islands.
Slide 27
Economic Patterns The aborigines of the South Pacific lived by
fishing, hunting, gathering wild foods, and farming taro and yams.
The aborigines of the South Pacific lived by fishing, hunting,
gathering wild foods, and farming taro and yams. European settlers
changed the economy from a subsistence economy to a cash economy.
European settlers changed the economy from a subsistence economy to
a cash economy.
Slide 28
Farming Sheep raising is a major activity in both Australia and
New Zealand. Sheep raising is a major activity in both Australia
and New Zealand. Australia is a world leader in wool production and
a major livestock producer. Australia is a world leader in wool
production and a major livestock producer. New Zealands climate
makes it a good place for mixed farming. New Zealands climate makes
it a good place for mixed farming. It is also major producer of
wool, meat, and dairy products. It is also major producer of wool,
meat, and dairy products.
Slide 29
On the low coral islands most people still live by fishing and
subsistence farming. The soils are thin and poor and fresh water is
scarce. Yams, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas and taro are typical
food crops. On the low coral islands most people still live by
fishing and subsistence farming. The soils are thin and poor and
fresh water is scarce. Yams, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas and taro
are typical food crops. The high islands have more farming because
of the fertile soil and more fresh water. Coconut meat is dried to
make copra, which is used in cooking oil, margarine, soap and
makeup. The high islands have more farming because of the fertile
soil and more fresh water. Coconut meat is dried to make copra,
which is used in cooking oil, margarine, soap and makeup.
Slide 30
Resources Australia has more resources than any other of
Oceanias countries. It has many minerals and energy sources.
Australia has more resources than any other of Oceanias countries.
It has many minerals and energy sources. Mining has become
important on some islands. Mining has become important on some
islands. Nauru has the richest phosphate deposits in the world.
Nauru has the richest phosphate deposits in the world. New Guinea
and the Solomon Islands have copper deposits. New Guinea and the
Solomon Islands have copper deposits.
Slide 31
Industry Australia is the leading industrial country in
Oceania. Australia is the leading industrial country in Oceania.
Much of the land around Sydney and Melbourne is used for
manufacturing. Much of the land around Sydney and Melbourne is used
for manufacturing. The kinds of industry are clothing and food
production, steel, electronics, appliances and precision instrument
manufacturing. The kinds of industry are clothing and food
production, steel, electronics, appliances and precision instrument
manufacturing. Australia is in good position for future industrial
growth due to its mineral and fuel deposits. Australia is in good
position for future industrial growth due to its mineral and fuel
deposits. New Zealands industry is based on the processing of
agricultural goods. New Zealands industry is based on the
processing of agricultural goods. Because of their isolation from
world markets and small populations, the islands and New Zealand do
not see manufacturing as an area for growth. Because of their
isolation from world markets and small populations, the islands and
New Zealand do not see manufacturing as an area for growth.
Slide 32
Slide 33
Australia Australia is the only country that occupies an entire
continent.
Slide 34
Australias Regions Eastern and Southeastern Coast West of the
Great Dividing Range Most densely populated and economically
developed part of the country Most densely populated and
economically developed part of the country Well suited to farming
and grazing Well suited to farming and grazing Major cities are
located here. Major cities are located here. Called the Great
Artesian Basin. Called the Great Artesian Basin. Named for its many
artesian wells and springs. Named for its many artesian wells and
springs.
Slide 35
The Outback West of the Great Artesian Basin is the outback.
West of the Great Artesian Basin is the outback. Little water and
sparse vegetation. Little water and sparse vegetation. Few people
live here in scattered ranches and a few mining towns (Alice
Springs). Few people live here in scattered ranches and a few
mining towns (Alice Springs). Recently found petroleum, natural gas
and nickel deposits. Recently found petroleum, natural gas and
nickel deposits. People are connected by phone, roads and can call
for a flying ambulance in emergencies. People are connected by
phone, roads and can call for a flying ambulance in emergencies.
Children attend school by listening to special school radio
programs. Children attend school by listening to special school
radio programs.