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The Antebellum West. Expansion and Conflict. Manifest Destiny. Section 1. Expansionist Mentality. Economic Panic of 1839 drove people away from East East also lacked land—west didn’t 1845 Sullivan claimed destiny of Americans to “overspread the continent” Ordained by God - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Antebellum WestExpansion and Conflict
Manifest DestinySection 1
Expansionist Mentality Economic Panic of 1839 drove people
away from East East also lacked land—west didn’t 1845 Sullivan claimed destiny of
Americans to “overspread the continent”› Ordained by God
Much of rhetoric racially and culturally superior
The Journey West Glowing accounts
of OR and CA drew huge parties of migrants
2,000 mile, half-year, trek west started in Independence MO
Overland Trail led north west to OR, CA or NM
By 1860 350,000 had braved trails› 34,000 died, only 500 from Indians› Donner Party
Politics of Expansion MEX declared independence 1821 1843 OR conventions called for a split
from joint US-UK control Tyler and Calhoun proposed annexation
of TX and OR Election of 1844 hinged on annexation Democrat Polk ran a pro-expansion
campaign against Clay
Southwest ExpansionismSection 2
Southwestern Tensions MEX offered land grants to American in
TX 1824› Had to be Catholic and speak Spanish, most
obeyed neither› Americans also brought slaves
By 1830s over 30,000 Americans were in Mexican Texas
1834 Mexican Gen. Santa Anna took control of the region and Americans rebelled
The Politics of Texas American rebellion led to an assault on
the Alamo in San Antonio Americans declared the independence of
the Republic of Texas 1836› Sam Houston led forces to crush Santa Anna
at the Battle of San Jacinto Annexation was contentious:
› TX would likely be a slave state Tyler saw Polk’s electoral victory as a sign
to annex TX—1845
Polk the Expansionist Polk was a protégé of Jackson, pushed
expansion Sought a split of OR from British Canada
at 54’ 40’› Compromised at 49’› Northern Democrats wanted OR as a free
state, southern Democrats TX as slave Polk saw to buy CA and NM from
MEX using their debt as leverage› After losing TX, MEX wasn’t interested
War with MexicoSection 3
Path to War MEX said border with TX was Nueces
river, US said Rio Grande Polk sent Gen. Zachary Taylor to the
disputed zone b/w rivers When Mexican forces attacked Taylor,
Polk asked for a declaration of war Congress approved May 13, 1846
Mr. Polk’s War The purchase of CA and NM for $30m
failed Rebellion in CA was encouraged US naval forces responded by closing
ports while a ground campaign severed CA from MEX› US captured Santa Fe› Winfield Scott struck deep into MEX advancing
to the capital Santa Anna agreed to peace (1847)
War’s End Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo ended war 1848 MEX ceded modern CA,
NM, AZ and parts of TX, UT, CO and NV
US seized over ½ of MEX—paid $15m Emerson said: Mexico will poison us” Rep Wilmot (PA) proposed limiting
slavery in new territories
Election of 1848 1848 election defined by slavery and
Wilmot Provisio Democrats nominated Cass
› Cass championed popular sovereignty: states choose to be slave or not
Whigs chose winning Gen. Taylor Free Soil Party gathered non-slave
Whigs, northern Democrats, and Liberty Party supporters