THE ANNALS OF THE “ŞTEFAN CEL MARE” UNIVERSITY Volume IX issue 1.pdf · THE ANNALS OF THE "STEFAN CEL MARE" UNIVERSITY ISSN – 1844 – 9131 Volum IX issue 1/ 2016 . 8 extra

THE ANNALS OF THE

“ŞTEFAN CEL MARE” UNIVERSITY

Physical Education and Sport Section

The Science and Art of Movement

Volume IX issue 1

ISSN - 1844-9131

SUCEAVA JUNE 2016

THE ANNALS OF THE "STEFAN CEL MARE" UNIVERSITY ISSN – 1844 – 9131 Volum IX issue 1/ 2016

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE INFLUENCE OF SWIMMING ON PSYCHOMOTRICITY AT PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN………………………………………………………………………………………...7 Constantinescu Mihai Rîșneac Boris GENERAL STRENGTH OPTIMIZATION BY AEROBIC GYMNASTICS SPECIFIC MEANS IN ADULTS………………………………………………………………………………………15 Aida Petrea Elena Rață IMPROVE POSTURE CORRECT STEPS IN DANCE CHOREOGRAPHY BY USE OF SCHOOLGIRLS IN PALATUL COPIILOR…………………………………………………….24 Buftea Victor Salup Mărioara CORRECTION OF SPINE DEVIATION IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE – KYPHOSIS THROUGH KINETIC MEANS………………………………………………………………….32 Benedek Florian Raţă Elena IMPORTANCE OF KINETIC TREATMENT IN FIBROMYALGIA…………………………39 Crăciun Maria Daniela OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL TRAINING AND TECHNICAL - TACTICAL IN THE LINE II A, LATCHES AND U18 AND U19 JUNIOR SHOOTER……………………………………50 Grosu Bogdan-Marius STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HANDBALL MEANS IN THE MIDDLE SCHOOL………………………………………………………………………………………. 62 Petrariu Ileana RECOVERY THROUGH PHYSICAL THERAPY A RADIUS OF FRACTURE ON CHILDREN……………………………………………………………………………………….67 Petrariu Ileana CONTRIBUTION OF THE RUGBY TAG GAME TO DEVELOPING MOTRIC SKILLS, SPEED AND ABILITIES IN STUDENTS OF THE GYMNASIAL CYCLE……………….…73 Benedek Florian FINDINGS ON THE TRAINING CLASSES OPTIMIZE STARTING FOOTBALL…………82 Grosu Bogdan-Marius THE ROLE OF KINETIC METHODS USED IN DUPUYTREN DISEASE…………………..91 Oana Berăriţa, Maria Daniela Crăciun


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STRESS AND SEDENTARINESS IN DAILY LIFE AND KINETIC CONTROL MEANS………………………………………………………………………………………….100 Maria Daniela Crăciun


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CUPRINS INFLUENȚA ÎNOTULUI ASUPRA PSIHOMOTRICITĂȚII LA COPIII DE VÂRSTĂ PREPUBERTARĂ ……………………………………………………………………..…7 Constantinescu Mihai Rîșneac Boris OPTIMIZAREA FORȚEI GENERALE PRIN MIJLOACE SPECIFICE GIMNASTICII AEROBICE LA PERSOANELE ADULTE …………………………………………..................15 Aida Petrea Elena Rață IMPROVE POSTURE CORRECT STEPS IN DANCE CHOREOGRAPHY BY USE OF SCHOOLGIRLS IN PALATUL COPIILOR…………………………………………………….24 Buftea Victor Salup Mărioara CORECTAREA DEVIAȚIEI COLOANEI VERTEBRALE ÎN PLAN SAGITAL CIFOZA PRIN MIJLOACE KINETICE................................................................................................................32 Benedek Florian Raţă Elena IMPORTANŢA TRATAMENTULUI KINETIK ÎN FIBROMIALGIE……………………...…39 Crăciun Maria Daniela OPTIMIZAREA PREGĂTIRII FIZICE ŞI TEHNICO – TACTICE LA NIVELUL LINIEI A II-A, ÎNCHIZĂTORULUI ŞI TRĂGĂTORULUI LA JUNIORI U18 SI U19…………………..…50 Grosu Bogdan-Marius DEZVOLTAREA FORȚEI PRIN INTERMEDIUL JOCULUI DE HANDBAL ÎN CICLUL GIMNAZIAL……………………………………………..............................................................62 Petrariu Ileana RECUPERAREA PRIN KINETOTERAPIE A FRACTURII DE RADIUS LA COPII……………………………………………………………………………………………..67 Petrariu Ileana CONTRIBUŢIA JOCULUI DE RUGBY-TAG LA DEZVOLTAREA CALITĂȚILOR MOTRICE VITEZA ȘI ÎNDEMÂNAREA LA NIVELUL ELEVILOR DIN CICLUL GIMNAZIAL..................................................................................................................................73 Benedek Florian CONCLUZII PRIVIND OPTIMIZAREA ANTRENAMENTULUI COPIILOR ÎNCEPĂTORI LA FOTBAL.........................................................................................................................................82 Grosu Bogdan-Marius ROLUL MIJLOACELOR KINETICE ÎN MALADIA DUPUYTREN........................................91 Oana Berăriţa, Maria Daniela Crăciun


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STRESUL SI SEDINTARISMUL IN VIATA COTIDIANĂ SI MIJLOACE KINETICE DE COMBATERE..............................................................................................................................100 Maria Daniela Crăciun


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THE INFLUENCE OF SWIMMING ON PSYCHOMOTRICITY AT PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN

Constantinescu Mihai1

Rîșneac Boris2 1Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava

2State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chisinau, Moldova

Keywords: swimming, psychomotricity, static and dynamic balance, growth and development. Abstract: This article presents some aspects regarding the influence of swimming on growing and developing process at children at prepubertal age (11-13 years), and especially the influence on the achieved adjustments at psychomotricity level as a stabilizing factor of evolution, of body scheme’ s attitude in static and dynamic. Introduction: Psychomotricity is considered a branch of applied psychology and it seeks to integrate the motric functions with psychic ones, and it aims the integration of motric functions with the psychic ones, as an effect of education and development of nervous system. As particular objectives, psychomotricity follows the development of kinesthetic, of perception and of complex presentation of movement, development of basic and applicative abilities and motor skills; improving motor skills. Through exercise there are developed a series of motric elements that will be integrated in the whole coordination. There is structured a certain global scheme of postures where the position of a body segment is well defined. [1]. In order to understand the importance of psychomotricity on the processes of growing and developing during children’s period of prepubertal we will present some general aspects that can highlight the issue from this research. After M Epuran, (1976), the elements that are components of psychomotricity, are: body scheme, coordinated dynamic, segmental and general; static coordination – balancing; perceptual motric coordination (space perception, of rhythm and own movements); speed movements; ideomotor. [4,5]. The sense of static and dynamic balance allows the appreciation of body segments position and body position in space. The vestibular system collects information regarding body position on the afferent nervous ways and it sends them to the cortex and at the same time the


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extra pyramidal system controls muscle contraction and the visual analyzer perceives the changes of body segments positions. [1]. The complexity of movements that are required to be performed in aquatic environment in order to achieve the maintaining of buoyancy in balance or the movement in water or immersion, it requires a sensor-motor adaptation that is atypical to humans. For movement coordination in aquatic environment, swimming develops psychomotor skills processing the information of analyzers involved in the effort specific to swimming. Vestibular system stability actions through exciting vestibular receptors, causing tonic reflex in the muscles that perform the movement (scapular – humeral belt, back, pelvic belt) [2,3]. Material and method: In order to achieve the proposed experiment, it proceeded to the selection of a witness group and an experimental group with a degree of homogeneity sufficiently high in order to allow performing imposed tests and programs without to create any difficulty in execution. The witness group is composed of 30 pupils, 11-13 years, class VI and class VII, 15 girls and 15 boys, the experimental group is composed in the same way as the witness group. At the beginning of the experiment, the groups have been tested for psychomotricity (4 tests), from which two of them are based on static and dynamic balance, and the other two are based on coordination and speed. After testing both groups, the witness group will continue the program of physical exercises within the physical school education lessons contained in the curricula, and the experimental group will be introduced in a program specific to swimming technique for a 6 months period, 3 hours per week. The program is done on 4 stages, from which the first one is of 18 hours and its main objective is the initiation in swimming techniques and methods, the other three stages are allotted both to swimming technique (technical elements), elements of developing the motor qualities and elements of awareness and correcting the attitude of body posture in static and dynamic. In table no1.1 there are presented the results from psychomotor tests, achieved during the experiment.


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Table no 1 - Results of psycho motor index of subjects from the pedagogical experiment at initial-final testing (n=15)

Nr. Crt.

Testing Subjects

groups

Initial testing -

boys

Final testing - boys

t P Initial testing-girls

Final testing -girls

t P

X±m

S Cv

X±m

S Cv X±m S Cv X±m S Cv

1. Flamingo test (sec)

E 25,13 ±6,41

7,93 0,32 34,07 ±6,08

7,53 0,22 3,20 <0, 01

32,40 ±11,7

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14,67

0,45

36,60

±11,36

12,95

0,35

0,80 >0, 05

M 24,87 ±7,09

9,05 0,36 25,73 ±6,21

8,01 0,31 2,27 <0, 05

31,53 ±9,50

3,17 0,42

33,47

±12,76

15,03

0,45

0,37 >0, 05

t; P E-M 0,08//>0, 05

3,00/<0, 01 0,17/>0, 05 0,60/>0, 05

2. Test of dynamic balance

(10 m/sec)

E 9,53 ±0,50

0,52 0,05 8,53 ±0,56

0,64 0,07 4,70 <0, 001

9,60 ±0,69

0,91 0,09

8,40 ±0,6

9

0,83

0,10

3,77 <0, 01

M 9,60 ±0,64

0,83 0,09 9,20 ±0,56

0,77 0,08 1,36 >0, 05

9,73 ±0,59

,70 0,07

9,33 ±0,6

2

0,72

0,08

1,53 >0, 05

t; P E-M 0,26/>0, 05 2,57/<0, 05 0,44/>0, 05 3,28/<0, 01

3. Japanese Test

(4 m-10 touches/se

c)

E 19,07

±1,01

0,91

0,09

17,33 ±0,89

1,11 0,06 3,86 <0, 01

17,40 ±1,17

1,40 0,08

14,87

±0,94

1,30

0,09

5,12 <0, 001

M 20,87

±1,34

0,70

0,07

19,33 ±1,69

2,23 0,12 2,14 <0, 05

18,13 ±1,59

2,10 0,12

16,33

±1,51

1,88

0,11

2,47 <0, 05

t; P E-M 3,29/<0, 01 3,11/<0, 01 1,12/>0, 05 2,48/<0, 05

4. Adams Test

(nr.rep/15 sec)

E 17,20 ±6,27

8,74 0,51 21,73 ±4,41

6,20 0,29 1,63 >0, 05

17,60 ±5,52

6,65 0,38

21,40

±3,20

4,29

0,20

0,52 >0, 05

M 17,67 ±7,82

9,63 0,54 20,27 ±7,42

9,34 0,46 0,75 >0, 05

18,67 ±6,27

,81 0,42

20,27

±5,69

7,25

0,36

0,58 >0, 05

t; P E-M 0,13/>0, 05 0,50/>0, 05 0,40/>0, 05

0,52/>0, 05

Note: E- experimental group; n-15, f-14: P – 0,05; 0,01; 0,001. n-15, f-28: P – 0,05; 0,01; 0,001.M- Witness group. t – 2,145 2,977 4,140. t – 2,048 2,763 3,674 The experimental group was evaluated (10 tests specific to swimming), after finishing the first stage (initiation) of the swimming


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program, after going through the other 3 stages of the program, it was made the final testing, the results being presented in table no 2.

Table no 2 – Subjects’ results of the indices specific to swimming,

included in the pedagogical experiment (n=15) Nr. Crt. Testing Subject

s groups

Initial testing Final testing t P

X±m S Cv X±m S Cv 1.

Chest float

(sec) G 10,85

±2,69 3,70 0,34 15,35 ±2,87 3,71 0,24 3,32 <0, 01

B 13,52 ±4,29 5,01 0,37 16,72

±3,66 4,49 0,27 1,84 >0, 05

2.

Back float (sec)

G 11,95 ±4,93 6,03 0,50 16,87

±3,88 5,01 0,30 2,43 <0, 05

B 14,24 ±4,03 4,89 0,34 17,68

±2,43 2,83 0,16 2,36 <0, 05

3.

Chest slip (m)

G 5,40 ±0,67 0,83 0,15 6,80

±0,53 0,68 0,10 5,07 <0, 001

B 5,60 ±0,72 0,83 0,15 6,67

±0,53 0,62 0,09 4,00 <0, 01

4.

Back slip (m)

G 5,53 ±0,84 0,99 0,18 6,53

±0,50 0,52 0,08 3,46 <0, 01

B 5,07 ±0,51 0,80 0,16 6,33

±0,49 0,62 0,10 4,85 <0, 001

5.

Chest slip with foot

movement crawl 12,5 m

(sec)

G 18,21 ±0,86 1,12 0,06 16,83

±0,63 0,83 0,05 3,82 <0, 01

B 15,34 ±0,68 1,02 0,07 14,07

±0,65 0,88 0,06 3,66 <0, 01

6.

Chest slip with foot

movement bras 12,5 m

(sec)

G 21,18 ±1,42 1,79 0,08 18,99

±0,78 1,01 0,05 4,12 <0, 01

B 19,16 ±0,91 1,12 0,06 17,37

±0,64 0,89 0,05 4,87 <0, 001

7.

Chest slip with arms movement

crawl 12,5 m (sec)

G 17,40 ±0,48 0,70 0,04 16,40

±0,59 0,78 0,05 3,70 <0, 01

B 14,38 ±0,84 1,08 0,07 13,48

±0,56 0,80 0,06

2,58 <0, 05

8.

Chest slip with arms movement

bras 12,5 m (sec)

G 18,89 ±0,84 1,06 0,06 17,94

±0,55 0,70 0,04 2,86 <0, 05

B 17,45 ±1,03 1,38 0,08 16,26

±0,89 1,13 0,07 2,58 <0, 05

9.

Swimming in crawl

coordination 25m (sec)

G 27,90 ±1,11 1,44 0,05 24,64

±1,48 1,77 0,07 5,51 <0, 001

B 26,66 ±0,88 1,06 0,04 23,15

±1,40 1,68 0,07 6,82 <0, 001

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Swimming in bras coordination 25m (sec)

G 32,91 ±1,25 1,59 0,05 30,08

±1,51 1,87 0,06 4,44 <0, 001

B 31,81 ±1,44 1,68 0,05 29,12

±1,46 1,69 0,06 4,36 <0, 001


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Note: E- experimental group; n-15, f-14: P – 0,05; 0,01; 0,001. M- Witness group t – 2,145 2,977 4,140 In order to achieve technical tests of swimming there have been made initiation lessons, the followed objectives did not consist in the performance of swimming technique, but only in assimilation and implementation of technical elements specific to swimming in order to improve the psychomotricity performance, especially the balance, coordination and awareness of correct body posture. According to the presented table, at tests of static balance (chest float) there can be seen a better evolution at girls, 10,85 with an average error ±2,69 initial at 15,35 average error ±2,87 final, t= 3,32 (P˂0,01) and boys 13,52 with an average error ± 4,29 initial at 16,72 average error ± 3,66. The test of dynamic balance (front and back slip) ∆ is between 1.07 m and 1.4 m, small differences are due to the technique that was not sufficiently fixed. At the other swimming tests, arms or legs, coordination swimming arm and crawl there are obtained positive results, but there are not major differences between the initial and final tests.

We will show graphic in figure 1 the swimming test in crawl coordination 25 m in order to highlight the evolution of the tested subjects.

Fig.1 Results’ dynamic at the test of swimming in coordination crawl 25 m achieved by the subjects included in the experiment


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The results of psychomotricity tests confirm and bring a plus in strenghtening the argumentof the issued hyphotesis regarding the positive influence on psychomotricity by applying specific means of swimming at children at prepubertal age. In figure 2 we will present the evolution of the subjects from the tested groups in the experiment of static balance.

Fig.2 Results’ dynamic at „Flamingo” test (static balance), achieved by the subjects included in the experiment

There can be seen a compliance between the results obtained at swimming tests (static balance) and static balance test obtained at psychomotricity testing where the subjects achieved positive results, in contrast to the achieved results at dynamic balance test where, at both tests, at swimming but also at psychomotric level the differences are lower. At „Adams” test there are achieved obvioulsy positive results, that confirms the beneficial influence on coordination and thus on psychomotricity in general, figure 3.


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Fig.3 Results’ dynamic at „Adams” test achieved by the subjects

included in the experiment

Results and discussions: Analyzing the obtained results after the tests achieved by the subjects included in the experiment there can be concluded the following: Positive score achieved by the experimental groups at swimming tests transferred over the psycho motor tests, reveals a relevant influence on psycho motor parameters, especially at static balance and coordination-speed; Differences between witness and experimental groups at the final psycho motor tests are visible, that shows the fact that the program achieved with means specific to swimming leads to the achieving of positive results. (Table no.1); Witness group achieves a minimal improvement due to the increased natural growth, without the help of some specific programs. Conclusions: • Psychomotricity is a relevant parameter in ontogenesis of children growth and development (prepubertal age); • Body posture in static and dynamic is directly influenced by degree and level of the psycho motor abilities; • In order to raise the level of psycho motor level it is necessary the implementation of specific programs that requires anatomic and physiologic structures in the direction of proposed objectives; • Swimming may produce adaptive changes in order to improve the psycho motor • Level of training at prepubertal children leading to a correct body posture.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1.Albu C., Albu A., Vlad T., Iacob I. Psihomotricitatea Ed. Institutul European Iași 2006 p. 256; 2.Cîrlă L., Grecu A., Ramurile Natației, Ed. BREN, București 2004. p. 20; 3.Cîrlă L., Înot-Aptitudinile psihomotrice și pregătirea tehnică, Ed. Printech, București 1999 p108-150; 4.Epuran M. Metodologia Cercetării Activităților Corporale în Educație Fizică și Sport, vol I, București 1996, p 241; 5.Epuran M. Psihologia Educației Fizice, Ed.Sport Turism, București 1976, p 115.


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GENERAL STRENGTH OPTIMIZATION BY AEROBIC

GYMNASTICS SPECIFIC MEANS IN ADULTS

Aida Petrea1 Elena Rață1

1Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava Key words: general strength, aerobic gymnastics, adults Summary: In this article, we aim to find the most effective means specific to aerobic gymnastics that contribute visibly to optimize the general strength in adults. To this effect, exercise programs were chosen, corresponding to the morpho-functional peculiarities of these persons, taking into account the previous medical condition and motor experience. We chose aerobic gymnastics because it is a dynamic activity that contributes effectively to the optimization of the general strength by modeling the human body, to the increase the motor development indices and hence of the quality of life. Introduction

General strength (according to Badiu Toma, 2001) is defined as the possibility of the human body to overcome resistance through the participation of the major muscle groups. Aerobics, being a dynamic activity, contributes effectively to the optimization of the general strength, by modeling the human body, to the increase of the motor development indices, and hence of the quality of life.

Aerobics is characterized by several forms, depending on the impact that the exercises have on the musculoskeletal system, without making reference to the intensity of the effort during the session. Thus, there are are high impact aerobics (H.I.A.) - high-impact exercises: jumping, balancing, hopping, etc, low impact aerobics (L.I.A.)-low-impact exercises and moderate impact aerobics (M.I.A.), containing exercises with moderate impact on the musculoskeletal system.

During an aerobics session, the oxygenated blood supply needed by the muscles increases, the carbon dioxide together with other unnecessary products are eliminated, and the heart beats faster in order to nourish the musculature and to flush toxines. Prior to starting an aerobics program, it is best to seek medical advice, especially if chronic diseases,


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smoking, overweight issues are involved, or if the person in question has led a sedentary life.

This activity has many benefits for the human body, regarding the health condition, weight loss, feeling good and others. To this end, we have chosen the most effective means, specific to the aerobic gymnastics, that contribute constructively to the optimization of the general strength of the 10 adult females, included in our experiment. Material-method: (Analysis hypothesis)

This article aims to find the most effective means to optimize the general strength in adults, through aerobic gymnastics specific means.

For the effectiveness of practicing physical exercises, that in their intensity reaches the target heart rate, specific to each person’s age (in an adult, the heart rate is 220-50=170, the target rate ranging between 102-136 beats per minute). To strengthen the heart during exercise, the pulse should reach 60-80 % out of the maximum heart rate (220). The frequency with which the exercises are performed is just as important, requiring an average of 3 sessions per week. The duration of each session will be of minimum 20 minutes, in order for it to be effective. Exercises structures performed on a musical background (measure 3/4, 4/4), used in the experiment: Teaching materials:

- Gym equipped with mirrors; - Equipment, ropes, mats, dumbells and sand weights, Bobarth

balls, audio-video equipment, CDs, DVDs, equipment suitable for the performed activity.

Organization of the group: - working groups, under organization and self-organization: in line, on 4-5 rows; - in pairs, in columns of 3, etc.;

Table no.1 Program model proposed for the optimization of the general strength in

adults (H.I.A):

Class times, durati

on

Content Muscular action Dosage Methodical indications

Warm-

- basic gymnastics exercises for the analytical influence of the musculoskeletal system; -exercises for preventing the settling of poor postures (free, with or without objects etc.);

Major muscle groups 5 min

- The thorough warm-up of all body segments shall be tracked;


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up (warm-up) 10min.

- aerobic gymnastics exercises: basic steps - Step-touch (lateral step, returning the other leg to the starting position), moving the arms, or step-touch by shifting the weight from one leg to the other and by lifting the heel of the free leg; - stretching exercises;

5 min

- the exercises shall be performed in accordance with the rhythm dictated by the music;

Aerobic stage (workout) 35min.

March combined with arms: Standing with one arm stretched out sideways, and the other on the shoulder, holding in each hand 1 kilo dumbbell: Back-forth movement 4 steps, by march step or by reversing the position of the arms.

Upper limb muscles

3-4 repetitions, 8 musical bars each

- shall be performed left to right, to the rhythm of the music;

Step-touch front combined with kick-back (or high leg kick-back): Standing with the arms bent at the elbow joint: step-touch front, followed by kick-back with the right/left leg.

Muscles of the thigh, of the calf

3-4 repetitions, 8 musical bars each

- the kick-back step shall be performed simultaneously with the bending forward of the body;

Exercise for the lower limb muscles: Standing with hands by the body, with the arms bent at the elbow joint: flexion of the knees, slightly bending the body forwards, followed by moving succesively a leg backward and returning it to the start position.

Lower limb muscles

Two series -32 repetitions on the right leg and 32 repetitions on the left leg/series, 5-6 sec break.

- work fast-paced; - the arms shall be moved along the body together with the leg you work with (opposite arm-leg);

Skip-side with pressure on the thigh: Standing on one leg with the other as lateral support, hands on hips: successive skip-side movements with the right/left leg, with the body slightly bending sideways towards the raised leg.

Thigh muscles, abdominal muscles

Two series -24 repetetition/series, 6-8 sec break

- during the execution the leg you work with shall not touch the floor;

Semi-squats combined with skip-front: Standing with hands by the body: semi-squat with raising your arms to the front, followed by skip-front with lowering the arms back down.

Abdominal muscles, lower limb muscles

2-3 series -24 repetitions/series, 6-8 sec break

-keep the back straight;

Jogg knee-up: Standing with the hands by the body, elbows bent: jogg knee-up standing in place.

Major muscle groups

1-2 min, break with step-touch step and breathing movements

- the upper body is slightly bent forwards, the arms at your sides

Lunge side: Standing with hands on hips: side lunge (lunge side) on the right leg, coming back to standing position, then the left leg, followed by coming back to standing position (alternatively)

Thigh and calf muscles

4 repetitions, 8 musical bars each

- keep the back straight, eyes forward;

Lunge front on the same leg, with arms movement and 16 seconds pressure: Standing with the arms stretched forward: side lunge on the right/left leg, simultaneously with raising the arms to the front sideway and returning to the start position.

Thigh muscles, femora

2 repetitions, 8 musical bars each, then pressure on the lunged leg 16 sec

- keep the back straight, eyes forward; - before applying the pressure on the lunged leg, keep the position for 8 sec;


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Semi-squats combined with kick-front: Standing with hands by the body: semi-squat with raising the arms forward, followed by front kick with lowering the arms back down.


2-3 series -24 repetetions/series, 6-8 sec break

- keep the back straight;

Mat exercise for arms and upper body: Lying face down with hands on the floor alligned with the shoulders, legs streched out: pushing succesively into your arms, and raising the body from the floor (push-ups)

Arm muscles, pectoral muscles

Two series -16 repetitions/series, 5-6 sec break

- throughout the entire exercise, the breathing shall be carried out normally (do not hold your breath during the performance);

Mat exercise: Lying on your back with hands behind your head: raising your body at 90°, alternatively twisting it left-right.

Abdominal muscles, back muscles

Two series -16 repetetions /series, 5-6 sec break

- keep the back straight throughout the performance;

Mat exercise: Lying on your back, hands under your backside: lifting your legs at 45° - shearings.


Two series -32 repetitions/series, 6-8 sec break

- keep the body on the ground

Mat exercise: Standing on knees: raising a knee to the side, then return.

Thigh muscles

Two series -16 repetitions forward and 16 repetitions backward/series, 5-6 sec break

- keep the back straight during the performance;

Bobarth ball exercise for arms and upper body: Lying face down on the Bobarth ball, legs streched out, apart, supported on the half-sole, arms streched sideways, each with one dumbbell in hand, rotating the arms forward/backward, alternatively/simultaneously.

Arm muscles, back muscles

1-2 min - the center of gravity of the body on the ball shall be located in the abdominal area;

Exercise for the abdominal muscles on the Bobarth ball: Lying on your back on the Bobarth ball, with legs apart, supported on the floor, hands behind your back: successive liftings of the body

Abdominal muscles

Two series-24 repetitions/series, 6-8 sec break

- the center of gravity of the body on the ball shall be located in the pelvic area; - keep the back straight during the performance;;

Cool down stage 5 min

- Stretching, relaxation exercises and breathing control after exercise; - Stretching exercises;

Major muscle groups

5 min

- The exercises shall be perormed slowly to control the breathing, to the rhythm of the music

Within training programs, both the effort as well as the intensity and the complexity of the exercises have been increased gradually, with the increasing number of sessions. The breaks were initially more frequent, and they gradually decreased depending on the particularities of the effort. During the sessions, great attention was paid to the way of presenting the new exercises, continous supervision of the persons included in the experiment, as well as correcting or drawing attention to possible mistakes.


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In making the programs, the physio-pathologic particularities were also taken into account to avoid worsening some issues (joint pains, hypertension, etc.) and persons who were not able to perform certain exercises were offered alternatives, which allow them to actively participate to class. For the exercises to be effective, they worked minimum 2-3 sessions per week, 45-40 minutes each, in each session, at least 20 complete movements were performed, at an intensity to reach the heart rate specific to the age of the practitioner.

The experiment was carried out at the fitness gym of the "Mihai Băcescu" Sports Association, on a group of 10 female individuals, aged between 30-40 years, over a period of 3 calendar months. The persons were tested before and after the conclusion of the test period. Upon performing the exercises, the use of the materials and equipment available in the gyms was encouraged (mats, Bobath balls, dumbbells and sand bags for weights of 1-3 kg), which has allowed the optimization of funds use and broke the monotony. The sessions have been structured in 3 parts: warm up, workout and cool down. Results: In order to assess the general strength we have used the following trials:

- Standing long jump (explosive strength): consists of the performance of a leap standing in place. Necessary materials: chalk, flat surface, centimeter;

- Manual dynamometry (static strength): Dynamometer – Measuring device of the upper limb strength;

- Lifting the body at 45° from lying on the back position (30 sec) (abdominal strength);

- Maintaining the hung position (static strength): consists of keeping the arms outstreched in hung position on a bar as long as possible. Necessary materials: bar, chair/bench (10-15 cm h), timer;

Table no. 2 Values dynamics regarding the general strength of the test group– INITIAL/FINAL TEST

Running no.

Surname, name

Trial no. 1 = Standing long jump (explosive strength) - cm

Trial no. 2 = Manual dynamometry (static strength) - bars

Trial no. 3 = Lifting the body at 45° from lying on the back position (30 sec) – repetitions no. – dynamic strength

Trial no. 4 = Maintaining the hung position (static strength) - minutes

I F I F I F I F


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1 RP 145 157 0.51 0.57 19 21 180 200

2 PL 130 135 0.65 0.73 17 22 180 220

3 PP 125 154 0.55 0.52 15 16 100 170

4 LP 135 143 0.45 0.47 17 20 160 190

5 DM 145 156 0.55 0.62 18 22 190 210

6 II 110 129 0.63 0.7 6 15 0 270

7 SG 125 135 0.46 0.5 9 13 160 170

8 LM 120 138 0.48 0.52 14 19 130 150

9 TD 130 136 0.58 0.65 13 17 120 210

10 VE 135 142 0.51 0.56 16 17 120 140

X 130 14.5 0.53 0.58 14.4 18.2 134 193

S 10.80 9.90 0.06 0.08 4.11 3.08 56.01 38.02

Cv 8.30 6.94 12.69 15.04 28.57 16.94 41.80 19.69

t 2.69 1.33 2.33 2.75

p p˂0.05 p>0.05 p˂0.05 p˂0.S05

As shown in the table (table no. 1), the scores of the final tests

have values higher than previously obtained. The research subjects showed progress at all four trials that targeted the optimization of the general strength. These differences demonstrate the fact that the specialized programs implemented by us yielded results, with progresses in terms of improving the general strength of the persons included in our research. The progress of each participant is highlighted in the charts below.

Chart 1 Graphical representation of the results obtained from the two tests

Diagram no. 1 Standing lung jump

Diagram no.2 Manual dynamometry


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Regarding the statistical-mathematical interpretation of the

obtained results, it can be seen that between the arithmetic mean of the initial test and the arithmetic mean of the final test there is a considerable difference. In terms of the coefficient of variance it is observed that the degree of homogeneity of the test group is sufficiently representative, with evolution in all four trials.

The Student test calculated by us upon the 4 tests is 2.69 (Standing long jump), 1.33 (Manual dynamometry), 2.33 (Lifting the body at 45°), and 2.75 (Maintaining the hung position), which compared to the significance degree p˂0.05 from Fisher’s table (in our case 2.26), shows that there are significant differences in 3 out of the 4 tests. On the Manual dynamometry test, for which the t test is insignificant, most subjects have made relatively good progress, but not at all negligible considering the results of initial testing.

Table 3 Value dynamics of the statistical-mathematical indicators of the 4 trials regarding the general strength – initial tests

Table 4 Value dynamics of the statistical-mathematical indicators of the 4 trials regarding the general strength – final tests

Running no. Arithmetic mean (X)

Standard deviation (S)

Coefficient of variation (Cv)

Trial 1 130 10.80 8.30

Trial 2 0.53 0.06 12.69

Trial 3 14.4 4.11 28.57

Trial 4 134 56.01 41.80

Running no. Arithmetic mean (X) Standard deviation

(S) Coefficient of variation (Cv)

Diagram no. 3 Lifting the body at 45 from lying on the back position (trial 3) Diagram no.4 Maintaining the hung


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Table 5 Value dynamics of the statistical-mathematical indicators of the 4 trials regarding the general strength

Running no. Student test(t)

T test (Fisher’s table)

Significance threshold (p)

Trial 1 2.69 2.26 p˂0.05

Trial 2 1.33 2.26 p>0.05

Trial 3 2.33 2.26 p˂0.05

Trial 4 2.75 2.26 p˂0.05

Chart 2 Graphical representation of the statistical-mathematical

calculations regarding the general strength

Conclusions / Discussion:

- Practicing sports should become a way of living, it should be done with pleasure and not as chore, it should be understood that for a long life without diseases, it represents an ideal solution;

- The elements specific to aerobic gymnastics can succesfully contribute to the optimization of the general strength in adults;

Trial 1 142.5 9.90 6.94

Trial 2 0.58 0.08 15.04

Trial 3 18.2 3.08 16.94

Trial 4 193 38.02 19.69

Diagram no. 5 Standing lung jump

Diagram no.6 Manual dynamometry

Diagram no. 7 Lifting the body at 45 from lying on the back position (30 sec) dynamic strength Diagram no.8 Maintaining the hung

Arithmetic mean (X) Arithmetic mean (X)

Arithmetic mean (X)

Standard deviation (s) Standard deviation (s)

Standard deviation (s)

Coefficient of variation (Cv) (Cv) (C

Coefficient of variation (Cv) (Cv) (C


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- The results obtained from the two tests confirm that by choosing the most effective means, specific to aerobic gymnastics, superior physical development indices can be obtained;

Bibliography:

1. Luca Alice - "Fitness și aerobică" (Fitness and aerobics), ALTIUS ACADEMIA Foundation Publishing Company, Iași, 2002;

2. Chera-Ferrario Bianca - "Optimizarea condiției fizice prin gimnastică aerobică", Valahia University Press Publishing Company, Târgoviște, 2010;

3. Badiu Toma - "Teoria educației fizice și sportului", "Dunărea de jos" University Foundation Publishing Company, Galați, 2001;

4. Mimi Rodriguez Adami – „Gymnastique aquatique”, Hachette Publishing Company, Paris, 2003;

5. Mekhazni Amano – „Aquagym mode d'emploi”, Marabout Practique Publishing Company, Paris, 2007;

WEB 1. http://www.sfatulmedicului.ro/Sanatate-prin-sport/aerobicul_1569

http://www.sfatulmedicului.ro/Sanatate-prin-sport/aerobicul_1569


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IMPROVE POSTURE CORRECT STEPS IN DANCE CHOREOGRAPHY BY USE OF SCHOOLGIRLS IN PALATUL

COPIILOR

Buftea Victor1 Salup Mărioara2

1State University of Physical Education and Sport, Republic of Moldova 2Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava

Keywords: dance, proper attire, expressiveness, performance, music Abstract: This paper aims, through development and implementation of a training program to obtain choreographic perfection correct posture and dancing steps of schoolgirls in the Palatul Copiilor. Improve posture correct execution of dance elements contribute significantly to county dance competitions held during the school year.For our study we used the following research methods : analysis of relevant literature; pedagogic observation ; test method ; teaching experiment ; the comparative method; mathematical and statistical methods of processing and interpretation of data .The experiment was conducted with a group of eight students 10-11 years at the Palatul Copiilor in Suceava. Initial testing and final evaluation of correct posture and aesthetic schoolgirls were performed at the contest organized by the School Inspectorate Suceava county May 2014 May 2015 respectively.Schoolgirls testing was done by checking full execution of the two schoolgirls dancing contest, check which was appreciated by the jury of the contest , correct posture dance steps of the dances prepared for the competition .In the period May 2014 - May 2015 schoolgirls from Palatul Copiilor Suceava and have worked preparatory artistic training under a special program of artistic training , which included a number of means (exercises with support from bar wall drills choreographed to carpet center , dance steps ) , planned judiciously in every stage of preparation.


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The training program was held permanent choreography with musical accompaniment music is a methodical process and having through their specific role in forming a correct posture and expressive movements. Introduction According to the authors (Stroescu 1962 Dungaciu 1982 Vieru 1997) dance is an aesthetic sport. Elements and movements must be performed very precisely, clearly and beautifully, easily, elegance, safety and expressiveness, with correct posture and aesthetics. They have two components, a mechanical component responsible for rational balance of forces in time and space and an aesthetic component reflected by plasticity, expressiveness and harmony of movement. In dance as in ballet performers must constantly prove the art of combining their technical exercises with the beauty of execution. Both claim requirements harmonious development of body, a right held, controlled, great precision in execution, safety and expressive movements from the simplest to the most complex. Attire ballet dancers and clarity of technique, mastery and expressiveness of their movements are superior, often perfect. Anyone can learn to draw, to sing, to shape, to dance, but few are those who arrive at the true craftsmanship. So in dancing, anyone can learn certain exercises, but not everyone is gifted with the ability to execute them naturally, not only correct, but also beautiful. " The artistic form of execution of movements is the first goal to be pursued in preparing choreography of the dancers. Through artistic execution we understand all aspects: artistic poise, harmony in motion, maximum amplitude, rhythm and musicality, expressiveness [Jipa 1972 Levieux 1985] . Execution of any element requires a permanent control over the outfit. It is not enough to be learned item, it must be executed beautifully and expressively , only then can therefore talk about craftsmanship. Only this can create a style of dance class. ( Dungaciu 1967 : 12) . By the same author (p.61), by creating choreographic training schoolgirls kept gaining in expressiveness and grace. The character of each movement is expressed more femininity; its enforcement body not only participate fully, but every segment, from rung to the hands and legs from the first to the last vertebra of the spine. Only then get thorough finishing each part of the body, competitors being able to display great


26

wealth and diversity of body movements with the same segment; dancers give character movements , plastics and most appropriate expression . Correct posture and execution aesthetic executions are basic requirements of every movement of the dancers dance. Lack of proper attire is penalized 0.10 - 0.30 to 0.50 points each movement separately, depending on the extent of error; thereby kept inadequate body in the execution of schoolgirls, as well as errors of execution of dance steps (jumps, pirouettes, artistic movements ) in the two dances accumulate a considerable number of points, which lowers the grade band dance. From his first dance lessons will be given to the formation of a properly kept, aesthetic and skills to execute dance steps in a form as beautiful and expressive. Proper attire for training exercises are indicated in classical dance and rhythmic gymnastics, which educates their content in particular aesthetic and artistic execution ( Dungaciu 1982 : 41) . Judicious use of exercises with bar wall support makes an important contribution to the orientation of body segments and moving, according to certain plans and directions; largely develops large muscle groups strength, joint mobility, sense of balance, correct posture and form an expressive, develops the overall expressiveness of movement ( Baiasu et al . 1972 : 299 ) .Some authors ( Dungaciu 1982 Ukran et al . 1965) considers that besides the means used to achieve choreographic training , every workout must contain various combinations of dance steps . This is achieved by judicious selection of the system exercise methods and they are made and the stream group . Musical accompaniment, due to its characteristics (rhythm , tempo , character etc.) plays an important role in the execution of movements easily and increase their expressiveness . Specific requirements regarding the manner of scoring, appreciation and outs of schoolgirls executions are set periodically by a jury of specialists . The code provides clear requirements and scoring on correct posture and expressive execution contestants .

Material and methods

This paper aims, through development and implementation of a training program to obtain choreographic correct posture increase the quality of the two schoolgirls dancing contest. Improve posture correct execution of dance steps contribute significantly to raising the grade of the competition dances . For our study we used the following research methods: analysis of relevant literature; pedagogic observation; test method; teaching


27

experiment; the comparative method; mathematical and statistical methods of processing and interpretation of data . The experiment was conducted with a group of eight students 10-11 years at the Palatul Copiilor Suceava. Initial testing on the assessment of correct posture and aesthetic gymnasts were made to the County Dance contest in May 2014 and the final testing County Dance contest in May 2015 . Testing was performed schoolgirls dance steps by checking the two dancing contest, check which was appreciated by the jury , properly kept all the dance steps from dances of schoolgirls . Thus obtained were collected penalties from the mistakes of proper attire , their score is low in grade 10 . Penalties for incorrect kept running : ♣ Knee bend - 0.10 to 0.30 - 0.50 / dance steps. Jumping on the jumping phases : flight ♣ tips folded - 0.10 / steps dance / jump . ♣ Held incorrect body - 0,10- 0,30 / steps dance / jump In the period May 2014 - May 2015 schoolgirls have worked preparatory artistic training under a special program of training. The training program included a series of artistic means aimed at improving the level of correct posture and expression of schoolgirls . These provisions are: exercises with support from wall bar (exercises of classical ballet ) ; choreographic exercises at the center of the carpet ; dance steps . For each category of funds were set driving actions that contribute to the improvement of female students correct posture ( proper attire to the upper body , lower- level , correct posture in executing dance steps ) . The exercises with the bar wall support were adapted to the particularities of age schoolgirls . Thus was formed a program of eight combination exercises with support from bar wall , medium difficulty , including plie , reveal , battment Tendu, Indre , developpe , round the legs , grand battment , Adaggio , Cambre , some being executed simultaneously movements in the arms and the other arm supported in certain positions. Exercises choreography performed at the center of the carpet included shares driving the arms ( Up, down , downs , bending , stretching , balancing the planes , made symmetric, asymmetric , successively or alternately ) and actions driving the trunk or rocking, waves bending , bending , twisting , wheelwrights .


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Combinations of steps away were the execution of the dance floor , comprising combinations of artistic movements . These combinations were made using : Chase away by foot is elevated to passe , drive developpe , walking with grand battment , return to passe 180 -degree pirouette passe , jump Sisson , passages from positions lower in high positions , artistic pictures . The means used in the training program were planned judiciously choreographic training female students in each group means being used at each stage of preparation with a different weight . Choreographic exercise program with support from wall bar was run twice on each side in the preparatory period and once during pre-competitive . In its realization they were permanently corrected positions of classical ballet legs , posture legs, trunk and arms . Choreographic exercises were conducted at the center of eight times each during competitive , and four times in the pre-competitive , and combinations of dance steps were performed only preparatory period of four times each. The training program was held permanent choreography with musical accompaniment , respecting the peculiarities of rhythm and tempo music is a methodical process with an important role in the formation of correct posture and expressive movements . Results and discussion

Analysis of the results obtained to verify the correct posture executions

Nr. Crt.

Test

Group experiment (arithmetic average)

Initial test Final test

1 Dance Sport 8,64 9,32

2 Modern Dance

8,41 9,20

Analyzing the results obtained from initial tests at the end we find the following: Sportive dance. Comparative analysis of the results from this dance show considerable progress over the implementation of schoolgirls. Thus, the testing of the final, students have accumulated fewer penalties for correct posture , respectively, only 0.10 points for each standing apart and only two pupils, just 0.10 points knee bend, in


29

two of the three phases in which penalizes this. Also schoolgirls have accumulated fewer penalties for body posture and bent tips. Thus, initial testing showed a group of students average rating of 8.64, and at the final test group showed an arithmetic mean of 9.32.

Modern dance. Analysing the arithmetic mean in this dance group note that initial testing shows an average value of 8.41 and the final testing shows an average value of 9.20 , the progress being 0.79 points. At the final testing schoolgirls executed elements of the dance with good control of posture , receiving lower penalties ( 0.10 points) for legs apart and knees bent elements executed ( to 0.30-0.50 points) . One of eight students was penalized only three elements of the dance , receiving 9.50 mark for correct posture . How many other students lost 0.10 points to spikes bent and body posture only a few dance steps .


30

Conclusions Execution of dance steps in the dance contest held blooper body is penalized at every dance and every item, which lowers the note, thus lowering the value of the final grade . Therefore the concern to improve the correct posture should be considered from the outset of the dance. Proper attire appearance is visible at the two dances competitively high levels of it which leads to a better control of movements and elements.Preparing choreography (exercises with support from bar wall, choreographic exercises performed at the center of the carpet, dance steps ) constitute the primary means contributing to improving posture correct and expressive schoolgirls . The exercises with the bar wall support improves posture correct lower- level, but also contribute to the formation of correct posture and upper body aesthetic level. Compliance standing position of classical ballet, necessary for the execution of the financial year shall contribute to the movement with proper attire legs and hence the formation of correct posture of the lower limbs. Exercises performed artistic center that educates carpet are the main means and improves the proper attire on the torso and arms. Combinations of steps contribute to correct posture and expressive under equilibrium conditions. So, with correct posture improvement in the implementation of elements of dance is performed maintaining a rational balance pupil. All these means must be used judiciously in dance classes simultaneously with the physical and technical preparation, with adequate planning preparation stage . Musical


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accompaniment presence is mandatory , it is one that requires rhythm, tempo and kept some of the body during the execution of movements . Music also creates that feeling of elation for artistic work. Preparation should not be neglected in the choreographic dance classes since no responsible use of its resources , can not be achieved very good results in competitions.

References

1. Abadne H. H. Gimanstică rhythmic sports. Bucharest: Sports - Tourism, 1983. 125 p.

2. Baiasu N. Gh., Et al. Gymnastics. Bucharest: Stadion, 1972, p. 133-340; 437-447.

3. Problems P. Dungaciu workout in the gym. Bucharest: Union physical culture and sport, 1967. 105 p.

4. Dungaciu P. Aspects of modern training in the gym. Bucharest: Sport - Turism, 1982, p. 5-80.

5. Gregory V et al. Preparation artistic gymnastics performance. Bucharest: ANEFS, 2002. 76 p.

6. Jipa I. Preparation artistic gymnastics. Bucharest: The National Council for Physical Education and Sport 1972, 168 p.

7. Levieux F. Expresssion corporelle. Paris Revue EPS, 1985, p. 5-20.

8. D. Liuşnea annual cycle efficiency artistic training workout. USEFS, Chisinau, 2012.

9. Stroescu A. Methodology movements in gymnastics. Bucharest: Teaching and Pedagogical 1962, p. 110-170.

10. Ukran M. L. et al. Gymnastics. Moscow: Union physical culture and sport, 1965, p. 111-176; 184-522.

11. Tatiana Dobrescu. Corporate expression, Dance and Eurythmy, Iasi- 2006


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CORRECTION OF SPINE DEVIATION IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE – KYPHOSIS THROUGH KINETIC MEANS

Benedek Florian1

Raţă Elena1 1Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava

Keywords: recovery, spine, kyphosis, physical therapy. Abstract: This paper presents the correction of a physical

disability of spine quite common in adolescents. The correction process consists in using kinetic means both on land and in water. The correction period of physical disability of the two patients was three months. In this way the process can be affected by the personality traits specific to each patient.

Introduction One of the actual health problems of teenagers is physical

deficiency kyphosis that results from adopting a vicious posture, but at the same time, this deficiency appears from the lack of practicing any physical exercise. In this paper I assessed the correction of physical deficiency using the kinetic means applied on the two subjects with the same age.


33

Physical deficiency kyphosis is a pathological change of the somatic part of the body and it appears both in external part but also in physical functions of the entire body or some regions. [1]

According to the worldwide statistics, physical deficiency kyphosis affects up to 8% of people of all ages. This is due to the sudden increase in height, avoiding regular sports practicing (Strengthen back muscles), rickets, Scheuermann illness, vicious attitudes for a long time, all these can contribute to the appearance of kyphosis.

The deficiency can affect young people social life, causing in time lower self- esteem and even the isolation of that person.

Studying the major importance of these chronic deficiencies at school population, there can be seen that some of them are specific to a certain age, so at the level of pupils from the V and XII grades there are commonly seen the acquired spine deformities and some other endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Materials and methods Paper’s hypothesis: it is assumed that applying an adequate

kinetic program, both in water and on land, there can be corrected the deviation from normal values of the spine. In order to achieve this study I chose two pupils, boys, age of 13 years, having different characters: A.S. is a child with an orientation towards art, introverted; he presents an average functional typical kyphosis, myopia. B.M. is an energetic child, extrovert; he presents a short typical functional kyphosis. They present kyphosis deformities of the spine in different stages. In this regard we have made the following measurements: height, occiput-wall distance, Stibor sign, the difference between inhale and exhale, expressed in centimeters. The examinations were made before and after physical therapy program.

The study was conducted over a period of 3 months, and it was carried out a kinetic program with the following objectives: • general toning; • asuplisation dorsal spine; • correcting the vicious postures through forming a stable reflex of correct attitude of the body; • toning in shortening regime of muscle groups from dorsal region; • toning in stretching regime of muscle groups previous to thorax; • prevent the formation of a lordotic countervailing curvature ;


34

• correcting the vicious attitudes of shoulders, shoulder blades, thorax, pelvis and inferior members that accompany kyphosis; • prevent respiratory restrictive through respiratory gymnastics.

Exercises were performed at Complex of Swimming and Physical Therapy from Suceava, using the following materials: mirror, stick, Bobath ball, elastic band, mattress and materials specific to water therapy. Sessions lasted between 30 and 50 minutes, structured in three parts: warming, kinetic program and recovery. During warming and recovery there were introduced corrective and hipper corrective positions. We mention that the two subjects have completed the program of introductory swimming.

Table 1 Initial evaluation

A.S. Age: 13 years

B.M. Age: 13 years

Height 145 cm 141 cm

Occiput-wall 5 cm 3 cm Stibor sign 10 cm 9 cm

Chest perimeter

Inhale 70 cm 73 cm Exhale 63 cm 66 cm

Specific means on land: 1. Standing with the back at the wall, correcting cervical and lumbar curves, trying to stick the back on the wall; isotonic contraction of the extensor muscles -3x; 2. From the sitting position, with obliquely stick back, down, grabbed by the ends: carrying the stick back up, with head in extension– inhale, come back on exhale– 3x; 3. Walking with hands behind the head and elbows pulled back; isometric contraction of dorsal extensor muscle -2x5m;


35

4. From the ventral decubitus position, the stick is fixed over the shoulder blades, grabbed by the ends: head and body– in inhale, with coming back on exhale– 2x; 5. From the ventral decubitus position, feet slightly apart, knees bent with feet on the ground, lifted “in bridge position” in inhale, with coming back on exhale – 2x; 6. Runs of the back on Bobath ball, with the lateral extension of arms and with hands at the back neck– 4x; 7. From orthostatic position it is used the elastic band that is grabbed from its ends: there are performed lateral extension of arms simultaneously with head extension in inhale, with coming back on exhale – 3x; 8. From sitting position on a chair with backrest, it is used the elastic band in the occiput area and it is performed head extension, inhale - flexion, exhale – coming back –2x; 9. Normal walking with corrected back; isometric contraction of dorsal extensors and isotonic contraction of lower members muscles 2x 10m. Specific means in water: 1. Walking through water with hands at the back neck performing body extension at 3 steps -2x 7m; 2. Standing with the back at the edge ”breaking wave” with the hands ‘ support, leading the right foot forward with body extension, coming back in the initial position, the same exercise for left foot - 6x; 3. Floating, there are performed foot movements crawl with outstretched arms and head in extension, 4x7m; 4. Standing with the back at the pool wall with the ball between shoulder blades and wall, there are performed half squats with running the ball - 4x; 5. Back slip with arms in body extension - 4x7m; 6. Back slip with arms along the body, at 6 foot beat a rowing arm - 6x 7m; 7. Execution of back swimming procedure - 4x 12,5m; 8. Execution of double back of swimming – 3x12,5m. After performing the programs, it was made the final evaluation of the two subjects. The achieved results are centralized in table 2.


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Table 2 - Final evaluation

Results and discussions: As a result of this study, by comparing the measurements results, I

found the beneficial effect of the practiced exercises for the correction of spine deficiencies.

THE DATA OBTAINED FROM THE TWO PATIENTS

145 145 141 141

5 4 3 010 7 9 50

50

100

150

200

Height Occiput-wal l Stibor s ign

Height 145 145 141 141

Occiput-wal l 5 4 3 0

Stibor s ign 10 7 9 5

TI TF TI TF

Chart no.1

In chart no. 1 there can be seen that the subject AS decreases the occiput-wall distance with 1 cm, and subject BM with 4 cm, and at the

A.S. Age: 13 years

B.M. Age: 13 years

Height 145 cm 141 cm

Occiput-wall 4 cm 0 cm Stibor sign 7 cm 5 cm

Chest perimeter Inhale 70 cm 74 cm Exhale 63 cm 66 cm


37

test Stibor sign, there can be seen a decrease of one unit at first subject and a decrease of two units at subject no.2.

EVALUATION OF THORACIC PERIMETER AT THOSE TWO PATIENTS

70 7073 74

63 6366 66

55

60

65

70

75

Chest perimeter Inhale Chest perimeter Exhale

Chest perimeter Inhale 70 70 73 74

Chest perimeter Exhale 63 63 66 66

145 145 141 141

TI TF TI TF

Chart no.2

At the evaluation of thoracic perimeter at subject AS there can be seen an increase of 3 cm in inhale and also 3 cm in exhale, while at subject BM the inhale increase is 4 cm, and at exhale 3 cm.

Table 3 - STATISTICAL CALCULATION

Occiput-wall Stibor sign

Perimeter thoracic inhale

Perimeter thoracic exhale

TI TF TI TF TI TF TI TF

A.S. 5.00 3.00 10.00 9.00 70.00 73.00 63.00 66.00

B.M. 4.00 0.00 7.00 5.00 70.00 74.00 63.00 66.00

X 4.50 1.50 8.50 7.00 70.00 73.50 63.00 66.00

α 0.50 1.50 1.50 2.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00

Cv% 0.11 1.00 0.18 0.29 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00


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Even if the two subjects followed the same kinetic correction

program, there were different results at the final evaluation. The best results were achieved by the subject BM., this one being more cooperate, and AS, insufficiently motivated and introverted had lower results. It was recommended to continue the exercises for maintaining and improvement of these parameters.

Conclusions

1. Results of this study show us that using permanently the exercises specific to physical therapy, there can be corrected the deficiency of spine – kyphosis at pupils of school age;

2. Through the study, it was confirmed that practicing physical exercises can be seen as a concrete measure of spine prophylaxis;

3. The achieved results are positive, thing that determine us to continue these correction programs.

4. The initial hypothesis was confirmed.

Bibliography [1]Bratu A., Gimnastica pentru prevenirea și corectarea deficiențelor fizice, Ed. Sport-Turism, București, 1977; [2]Birtolon, Ș., Exercițiul fizic și coloana vertebrală, Sport-Turism, Bucureşti, 1978; [3]Dumitru, D., Reeducarea funcţională în afecţiunile coloanei vertebrale, Ed. Sport-Turism, Bucureşti, 1984; [4]Ionescu A., Moţet D., Corectarea deficienţelor fizice la copiii de

vârsta şcolară, Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti, 1964.


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IMPORTANCE OF KINETIC TREATMENT IN FIBROMYALGIA

Maria Daniela Crăciun1,2

1Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava 2Interdisciplinary Research Center in Motricity Sciences and Human

Health

Keywords: fibromyalgia, pain, relaxation, stretching

Summary: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome due to the way of disorganized, stressful and overloaded life determining tensions and extensive musculoskeletal pain, accompanied by fatigue, stiffness and sensitive areas of soft tissues.

This paper attempts to analyze treatment opportunities to improve the evolution and prognosis of the disease on a study group of 5 patients. The recovery methods included in treatment had as main goals: pain relief, local and general relaxation, preserving function, increasing mobility,


40

increasing overall functionality. The main methods of applied treatment in which we achieved beneficial outcomes are sedative massage to decrease muscle tension, electrotherapy and thermotherapy, muscle stretching and active movement.

Final indicators VAS pain scale obtained were reduced leading to the end of treatment to minimum 2. Number of painful points from each patient decreased from baseline average of 9.8 to 4.4 final. Using the recovery methods it was obtained an improvement in symptoms and quality of life.

Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes widespread morbidity and treatment is complex and multidisciplinary.

Due to the way of disorganized, stressful and overloaded life appear tensions and extensive musculoskeletal pain, accompanied by fatigue, stiffness, hypersensitive soft tissue (tendons, muscles, ligaments and fascia).

Fibromyalgia was recognized in 1992 by the World Health Organization as a chronic syndrome characterized on palpation by the presence of painful points, known as’’ tender points’’, sleep disorders, fatigue, headache, morning stiffness, difficulty concentrating, muscle imbalance, numbness, mood disorders, feeling of swollen hands and feet (1, 2, 3).

Most commonly fibromyalgia affects women W: M - 7: 1 and can occur at any age, predominantly 30-50 years.

Fibromyalgia can be regarded and as a disease of the nervous system and is caused by neurobiological abnormality that causes changes in the neurotransmitters which are responsible for pain and cognitive impairment. Patients with fibromyalgia have lower secretion of serotonin, which has a role in modulating information distressing anti-nociceptive action (4, 5, 6).

For the purpose of diagnosis were examined 18 muscles points observing on palpation a sensitive area like a knot or a taut rope, on the muscle fibers.

The pain of fibromyalgia is felt more than three months, affecting and decreasing functional status and the ADL - physically and mentally [7]. It also assesses the overall posture of the patient at rest, the spine alignment and structure and the mass and muscle tone [8].

Analysis of PET scan of the skeletal muscles in the lumbar spine area indicates a significantly reduced metabolic use of glucose, and an increased return flow of glucose from the tissue of the vascular space


41

and a small amount of phosphates in patients with fibromyalgia [9, 10, 11]. Material and method

Because fibromyalgia is a condition rarely diagnosed in Romania, appropriate treatment is not instituted or is applied only after a long period of suffering of the patient.

Therefore, during 2015 we selected 5 patients with fibromyalgia who had symptoms of the disease to apply some specific methods of physical therapy to improve symptoms and increase quality of life.

Work we have undertaken in the area of Kinetotherapy treatments in the Complex K –Physical Therapy and Swimming, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava "assessing the pain on VAS – pain scale, painful points or ,, tender points", stress and quality of life.

The recovery included in treatment had as main goals: pain relief, local and general relaxation, preservation of function, rehabilitation mobility, increasing overall functionality. Kinetic treatment has been divided into 3 stages:

• Stage I- 1-5 weeks – 3 sessions per week; • Stage-II - 6-16 weeks – 2 sessions per week; • Stage-III - 17-24 weeks – 1 session per week.

The recovery methods included in treatment had as main goals: pain relief, relaxation, preservation of function, rehabilitation mobility, increasing overall functionality.

Stage I (1-5 weeks, 3 sessions applied per week) Objectives:

• Pain relief • Preservation of function • General relaxation

Methods and treatment procedures

• Thermotherapy applications on the cervical spine and scapular-humeral joint;

• Electrotherapy – Interferential Currents (IF), Ultrasound (US), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve-Stimulation (TENS);[11]

• Massage to relieve pain and to release muscle tension on the superficial layer of cervical muscles, trapezium and paraspinals [12];

• Breathing exercises - to release tension; • Relaxation exercises: Schultz Method [13];


42

• Stretching for painful muscles: rectus posterior, rectus lateralis, trapezium, rhomboids and gluteus maximum.

• Applications of Kinesio Tape

Figure 1. Applications clay packets

Figure 2. Application electrotherapy Stage II (6- 16 weeks, two sessions per week) Objectives

• Local and general relaxation • Increase of mobility • Restoring the Range of Motion (ROM) • Increase in muscles strength

Methods and treatments

• Massage to release muscle tension. • Passive mobilizations of the cervical spine, the scapular-humeral

joint, respectively – the upper limb, while pressures are applied on the superficial and deep muscles layers,

• Relaxation exercises: Schultz Method • Stretching exercises for painful muscles: pectorals, rectus

posterior, trapezium, para-spinals, rhomboids, gluteus maximum[14] .

Figure 3. Mobilization of the upper limb Figure 4.Stretching for rectus posterior muscle


43

Figure 5. Stretching for trapezium muscle.

Stage III (17 to 24 weeks - 1 session / week) Objectives

• Fully restoring joint mobility • Increase of muscle strength • Restoring muscle tone • Body re-adaptation to exercise

Methods and treatment • Methods resembling the previous stage • Active mobilizations of the upper body: mobilizations of the head

and neck, of the upper body and upper limbs; • Active stretching at the cervical, thoracic and para-vertebral

levels.

Figure 6. Mobilization of the head with stretching Figure 7. KinesioTape applications

Results and discussions

The results obtained from research were classified according to the assessment made for each patient, making the arithmetic mean of the results and calculating the standard deviation. We used different rating scales: VAS, the presence of specific pain points of fibromyalgia, perceived stress scale, the scale of assessment of quality of life [15, 16]


44

Table 1 VAS scale

Name

surname VAS - scale

Initial Inter

mediate Final A. L 8 6 3 C. S 9 5 2 B.M 8 5 3 T. U 10 8 4 M.S 9 6 4

Average 8.8 6 3.2 Min 8 5 2 Max 10 8 4

S 0.83 1.22 0.83

Figure 8 VAS scale

Following treatment there is a decrease in the average regarding

initial evaluation 8.8 (+ 0.83) compared with the final 3.2 (+ 0.83). From the graph show that the patient C. S with initial value 9, and the final value 2, had the best response in pain relief, reaching almost to the bottom of the scale.

Table 2 Painful points


45

Name Surname Painful points

Initial Inter-

mediate Final A. L 12 10 6 C. S 8 6 3 B.M. 7 5 2 T U 8 5 3 M.S 14 12 8

Average 9.8 7.6 4.4 Min 7 5 2 Max 14 12 8

S 3.03 3.20 2.50

Figure 9 Painful points

It is noted that after treatment all patients had a good

evolution. The more is observed for the patient named M. S the decrease of the maximum value from14 to 8 at the final, which shows the effectiveness of the treatment methods and techniques included.

Table 3 Perceived stress scale.

Name Surname Perceived stress scale

Initial Inter mediate Final


46

AL 26 20 16 C. S 27 21 18 B.M. 27 23 21 T U 26 22 19 M.S 26 23 20 Average 26.4 21.8 18.8 Min 26 20 16 Max 27 23 21 S 0.54 1.30 1.92

Figure 10 Perceived stress scale

Although at first the initial assessment values are close to the end

of treatment there is a greater difference between patients, namely: the initial value is between 26 and 27, and the final range from 21 to 16. This explains how the individual patient response their treatment. Demanding certain activities in daily life can affect their score.

Table 4 Assessment Scale - Quality of life

Name Surname Quality of life Assessment

Initial Inter mediate Final

A. L 6 16 17


47

C. S 4 16 22 B.M. 4 15 24 T U 5 15 25 M.S 7 15 26 Average 5.2 15.4 22.8 Min 4 15 17 Max 7 16 26 S 1.30 0.54 3.56

Figure 11Quality of life

After evaluating the data it is observed that MS patients had the best evolution in terms of socio-professional reintegration into community life, reaching the value of 26, which showed an increased quality of life index. Also the minimum, maximum, average values respectively grasped after treatments which means that although the intermediate value coincides 3 of 5 patients, treatment methods used have increased the quality of life. Conclusions Finalizing this research conducted on the 5 cases we found the following: - Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes widespread morbidity and the treatment is complex and multidisciplinary [15];


48

- The treatment program had the first goal in combating pain, which prompted combination of several techniques to achieve the desired effect. - Movement therapy, massage therapy and stretching exercises improved the overall condition of the patient, physically and emotionally; thus diminishing more symptoms. - The recovery methods included in treatment decreased the number of painful points from mean baseline 9.8 to 4.4 final, which proves the effectiveness of treatment; - Each patient was recommended continuation of some specific relaxation exercises, muscle stretching exercises programs as home care program, in order to maintain results. - Physical therapy in this study was one of the main methods for controlling the painful symptoms and a preparation method for other techniques; - It is observed in patients with high pain perception on pain scale, with symptoms more pronounced, with a severe degree of impaired quality of life, a better outcome than those less affected, and the results are more visible; - Although a large percentage of the population show symptoms of fibromyalgia, the condition is rarely diagnosed and treated in Romania compared to other countries; this explains that there are age II and-III of many people which present different co-morbidities [16]. Bibliography

1. *** Rapport d'orientation – Syndrome fibromyalgique de l 'adult, HAS / Service des Maladies Chroniques et des dispositifs d'accompagnement des Maladies / Juillet 2010, 13

2. Bauer. J., Falkenweg L., FMS- WAS- ist- das ES, ,2008; 3. Bruce M. Carruthers Marjorie, I. van de Sande Sindrome

Fibromialgica- Una definizione di caso clinic e line guida per specialist, Compendio del Documento di Consenso Canadese, 2005;

4. *** Fibromyalgia Diagnosis, Moving Beyond Tender Points, Pain Medicine News Special, ediția 2012;

5. *** Syndrome de Fatiga Cronica y SSQM, Reivindicacion of Derechos September 2009

6. *** Rapport d’ orientation – Syndrome fibromyalgique de l’ adulte, HAS/ Service des maladies chroniques et des dispositifs d’ accompagnement des maladies/ Juillet 2010, 13


49

7. Alvarez David J., Rockwell Pamela G., Trigger Points: Diagnosis and Management, University of Michigan Medical School, Vol. 65, Nr. 4, 2002;

8. Siegfried Mense, Robert D. Gerwin Muscle Pain: Understanding the Mechanisms, Ed. Springers, 2010;

9. Rednic Simona, Damian Laura, Felea Ioana , Ghidul de studui- Reumatologie clinică, 17-19;

10. Etienne Andre, La lettre L’ Observatoire du movement, La fibromyalgia 1- ere partie, , decembrie 2003;

11. Chirieac Rodica, Reumatologie și recuperare medicală, Universitatea de Medicinaă și Farmacie “ Gr. T. Popa” Iași, 1995;

12. Versagi Charlotte Michael Step by Step Massage Therapy Protocols for Common Conditions, 2012, 124-130

13. Zoltan Pasztai, Terapii-Tehnici-Metode complementare de relaxare, decontracturare folosite in Kinetoterapie, Ed. Logos, 2001, 92-98;

14. Ylinen Jari, Stretching Therapy for Sport and manual therapies, Churchill Livingstone, 2011;

15. Popescu E, Predeteanu Denisa, Ionescu Ruxandra, Reumatologie, Editura Național , 1999, 245-248;

16. Paun R. si colab.,Tratat de medicină internă- Reumatologie, vol. II, Ed. Medicala, București, 1999, 1152- 1163, 1870- 1871.


50

OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL TRAINING AND TECHNICAL -

TACTICAL IN THE LINE II A, LATCHES AND U18 AND U19 JUNIOR SHOOTER

Grosu Bogdan-Marius1,2

1Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava 2Interdisciplinary Research Center in Motricity Sciences and Human

Health

Keywords: rugby, physical training, technical and tactical training, means Abstract: Rugby, sports game characterized by constant contact game players in both defense and attack in the game, imposed a certain type of player that differs post they occupy within the team. This differentiation from all points of view (technical, tactical, psychological, somatic type) is all the more evident and more necessary as we advance along the value chain sportive.Specialitatea strict performance was imposed by the modern game as an objective necessity for achieving performance superioare.Ţinem to mention, however, that this specialization does not exclude but rather requires knowledge of basic technique and tactics of the game of rugby by individual player and athletic skills can be reached only through a deep specialization. This specialization makes the versatile player rugby player, is only possible following the "principles of modern game of rugby" technicality perfect value superior physical and tactical coordination deplină.Pornind from these considerations, the paper wanted to optimize and evaluate "qualities drawer, line II and lock in conditions of physical training and modern technical and tactical." Introduction: Proper study had the subjects legitimated players Suceava Sports High School and School Sports Club Gura Humorului.Acesta aims conceprea methods and means used in antrenament.Prezenta theme


51

also aims to analyze and differentiation in terms methodically juniors 18-19 years specializing in items prescribed by players at other ages and present certain features used in the training. Also, one of the tasks of this work is to analyze both physical training juniors 18-19 years , but rather to demonstrate that by using the best methods and means can achieve outstanding results in qualitative and quantitative terms. In preparation for juniors 18-19 years of specialized compartment advance for fixed moments of the game really does not follow a physical training exccepţie as for seniors that is why I will try to link the physical preparation of the technical- tactical and pay less General physical training attention. The study objective is to demonstrate that in an important training must occupy exerciţţiile and exercises presented structures which are nothing but ,, moments of the game ". Material-method: For the preliminary data necessary for commencement of the research were used methods of observation and interview, after which were " designed " personal records for all six subjects enrolled in the experiment shown below. Data were collected at the High School sports program Suceava and CSS Gura Humor, observations were made on subjects from the youth team I and II of the two clubs. Measurement and control samples were conducted on the rugby field at the sports complex "Union " in hall in the complex mentioned above . Establishing control samples required a long period of searching so that the system can include rules to the entire arsenal as well physically and technically we need research . Samples were included in the system of rules are these : TESTUL SARGENT – for measuring explosive force of lower limbs . PULL-UPS – for measuring the force of arms flexor muscle RISING FROM GROUNDED DORSAL TORSO - for measuring the force of abdominal muscles. RUNNING SPEED IN 50M - development indices travel speed RUNNING SPEED REGIME IN STRENGTH 3X50M - for developing aerobic capacity . RUNNING SPEED REGIME IN SKILL 10X5M THROWING bollard - for measurement accuracy in throwing Sample description: -subiectii laying on the throw, allowed 10 attempts, the ball must hit the bars wris. Discard three 10 times in those three areas.


52

DISPOSAL AREA - for measuring coordination between the catcher and pitcher. Sample description: -on pairs margien throw from the 3 areas in 5 attempts, it notes that was caught throwing sure catcher at optimum height. PASSING LENGTH - For measuring explosive force of the upper limbs. Throws - Successive development indices execution speed and repetition .Sample description: - who catch the ball execute successive jumps or volleyball will deflect the ball when it peaked to a teammate in the side. It will forward you will throw the ball successively (10 times). Teammates are at 1-1.5m distance between them- For measuring explosive force of the upper limbs. Throws - Successive development indices execution speed and repetition .Sample description: - who catch the ball execute successive jumps or volleyball will deflect the ball when it peaked to a teammate in the side. It will forward you will throw the ball successively (10 times). Teammates are at 1-1.5m distance between them SAMPLE TECHNICAL - TACTICAL Materials required: -cronometru - rugby field -5 Rugby Ball -4 opponents Sample description: -players go together, performing what is proposed in each route. Penalties will be noted for the couple, not the individual subject. Timer will stop when both subjects came to an end after going through all the 14 stations in the diagram below. Technical and tactical route was determined and interpreted after some preliminary measurements. Measurements have set a limit of 90 ". This limit corepsunde a maximum score of 20 points. We present below the assignment of points and the way penalties were awarded.Thus we:


53

For 90”............................... 20 points 92” .............................. 18 points 94” .............................. 16 points 96” .............................. 14 points 98” .............................. 12 points 100” ............................. 10 points 102” ............................. 8 points 104” ............................. 6 points 106” ............................. 4 points 108” ............................. 2 points 110” ............................. 0 points Penalties were assigned such: - collection + percussion =1” -pasa =1” - collection + percussion =1” -pass =1” -margin =2” -Two great indoors =2” - agglomeration =1” - pushing 1-1 =0.5” - Rugby plywood =1” -margin =2” - percussion + placing the ball =1” - collection + percussion =1” - fight 1-1 =0.5” -2 great outdoors =2” -margin =2” -essay rugby + diving =1” Total penalties =20”

SKILL


54

0BI1

1B1-3x 2BPitcher, running against time (30 sec.) Ball is thrown in the rectangle located on the device, pause a minute.

3BI2 4B1-3x

Catcher will try to catch as safe and as correctly( technical) ball hung at different heights, pause a minute.

5BI3 6B1-3x

Catcher successive jumps 10 times trying to hit the ball with both hands. The sample is against time but it will put emphasis on technical break one minute and 30 seconds.


55

SPEED

7BV1 8B2-4x

9BRunning 4x50 m T 4/4 10BPause 30 seconds; 2 minutes between sets.

11BV2 12B2-4x

13BRunning 50 m with change of direction from 10 to 10 mT recovery 4/4 + 100 m walk.

14BV3 15B2-4x

16BA balloon gathering, running 25 m percussion at the end of the race T 4/4, pause a minute.

17BV4 18B2-4x

19BRunning on 25 m departing from lying face with arms outstretched T 4/4 , pause a minute.

20BV5 21B2-4x

22BRunning the valley 25 m departing from sitting T 4/4 , pause a minute.

23BV6 24B3-5x

25BRunning on 22 m with start standing , or lying dorsal T 4/4, pause a minute.

26BV7 27BA balloon gathering, running through cones percussion at the end of the race on 50 m, rest one minute and 30 seconds.

FORCE

28BF1 29B2-4x

Traction from hanging 30B From sitting away with 30 kg barbell on his shoulders bending and stretching the legs 31B Lying back, lift legs and upper limbs simultaneously 32B Facial gymnastics lying on the chest, trunk extension at its end Reclining rear bench gym , bending and stretching arms with the dumbbell 15-20 kg 33B Standing dumbbell away with the 15-20 kg overhead, bending and stretching arms 34Bworking time 15 sec . 35B30 sec break between workshops. 36B3 minutes rest between circuits

37BF2 38B2-4x

Jumping from squat to squat with dumbbell 22 m from 15 to 20 kg 39Bactive break 1 minute.

40BF3 41B1-3x

42B Sitting away with dumbbell 15 kg caught in suspension, flexion and extension arms 43B Hanging scale fixed lifting legs 44B Lying face, trunk extension and simultaneous legs 45B Standing dumbbell away with the 15-20 kg shoulders,


56

bending and stretching the legs to jump 46B Throwing and catching a medicine ball 2kg 47B Standing dumbbell away with the 15-20 kg shoulders sideways twists 48B- working time 15 sec. 49B- 30 sec break between workshops. 50B- 3 minutes rest between circuits

51BF4 52B2-4x

Standing dumbbell away with the 15-20 kg shoulders, torso bending at 90 degrees; 10 repetitions , rest 30 sec .

53BF5 54B1-4x

Ascents and descents on a bench with a weight of 10-15 kg 15 15 ascents on the left leg and right , break one minutes

55BF6 56B1-3x

57BSitting departed, trunk bent at 90 degrees, arms stretched forward, lifting a 20kg barbell by bending and stretching the arms 15 to 20 repetitions , rest 30 sec .

58BF7 59B1-3x

60BSupport for parallel bending and stretching arms, 15 to 20 repetitions, rest 30 sec

61BF8 62B1-3x

63BPush the yoke position, successive shocks 5-10 sec., Break one minutes

64BF9 65B1-3x

66BSitting departed, dumbbell from 15 to 20 kg per shoulders, arms bent at the shoulders grab bar, stretching and bending arms 10 times, rest 30 sec .

RESISTANCE

67BR1

68B1-3x 69BRunning T 20 4/4 sec. + 10 sec battle 1-1. Running T + 3x + 40 m ¾ thrust 1-15 sec. , 3 minutes break between series

70BR2 71B1-3x

72BRunning Running 40 m + 20 m T ¾ /T 4/4 + 2/4 + Running 30m/100m/20 m Running gone recovery + T 4/4 with plywood, 3 minutes break

73BR3 74B2-4x

75BRunning 70 m ¾ T + 10 seconds thrusts 1-1 m + 10 + 20 m sprints T went 2/4 + 4/4 + 20 m Running t fight 1-1 20 sec. + Walking + running 20 m 70 m 20 m Running T ¾ + T 4/4, 3 minutes break

76BR4

77BRunning 20 m T 2/4 + T4/4 + 40 m running 10 seconds. Running battle 1-1 + 20 m T + 5 sec 2/4. Running thrusts 1-1 + 60 m ¾ T + 5 sec. Running thrusts 1-1 + 20 m T 4/4 , 3 minutes break


57

Below we present the graph for each sample separately which includes three tests (initial , intermediate and final ) for three pitchers from the sidelines.

Test Run 3x50 m

2324252627282930

secu

nde

Initial Testing 29,2 25,75 27

Intermendiate Test 29,21 25,75 27

Final test 29,2 25,7 27

S L C R S C

Test Run 10x5 m

19,2

19,3

19,4

19,5

19,6

19,7

19,8

secu

nde

Initial testing 19,61 19,38 19,61

Intermediate test 19,68 19,41 19,67

Final test 19,66 19,36 19,52

S L C R S C


58

Samble abdomen/40 s

0

10

20

30

40

50

num

ar

Initial testing 24 33 34

Intermediate test 26 36 35

Final Test 32 41 38

S L C R S C

Tractions Test

0

2

4

6

8

10

num

ar



Final test 2 5 9

S L C R S C


59

Sargent Test

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

cm



Final test 42 50 50

S L C R S C

Length fairway

0

10

20

30

40

m



Final test 29 26 26

S L C R S C

Bollard throw zone 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

număr



Final test 8 7 9

S L C R S C


60


0

2

4

6

8

număr



Final test 5 4 7

S L C R S C


0

2

4

6

8

număr



Final test 3 4 6

S L C R S C

Tehnical and tactical sample

0

5

10

15

20

Punc

te


Intermediate Test 15 16 17

Final test 16 17 19

S L C R S C


61

Conclusions: Based on the methods and means used in training was reached favorable results in both physical evidence and especially in the technical and tactical. Circuits designed technical and tactical players liked and final testing samples show a remarkable increase tactical and technical proposed for verification Preparing couple showed an upward trend here both quantitative and qualitative. Rugby is accelaşi regardless of the age at which it is practiced , the difference between preparing the juniors 18-19 years and seniors is both to adapt the training program to the stage where players are in training and weight factors: physical, technical, tactical, psychological . In the physical training of juniors 18-19 years it is absolutely necessary drills and exercises to be conducted structures generally balloon (under Skill) because at this age not only performance but watch the players training for performance. Through proper preparation of players specialize hooker, tight line and lock II, we can limit the technical deficiencies that can lead cursivităţii interruption of play and physical training not so pointless . In preparation juniors are in this age group must insist less on general physical preparation , we need to use more specific training, its share in the training must increase, this trend fiiind and internationally. Given that we are dealing with young players who are still in junior age are recommended to capture their interest, exercises as games, stage races, tactical and technical circuits of the most diverse. We must always bear in mind and psychological preparation, it is imperative to follow the junior development combative spirit, courage, will, perseverance, qualities needed, perhaps more as in other sports, a good rugby players. Also, coaches must constantly inform of news in the field to transmit these players, rugby is a game that is in constant evolution. The proposal that it is clear from the ranks of the paper is that in the future an important role in training these circuits may have presented us with actions game play captured in the model for these positions References:


62

1. Teofilovici A., 1971, Ghidul antrenorului şi jucătorului de rugby, Editura Stadion, Bucureşti

2. Pădureanu N., 1982, Rugby: noţiuni de bayă din tehnica şi tactica jocului, Editura Sport-Turism, Bucureşti

3. Manoileanu D., 1979, Exerciţii de gândire rugbystică, Editura Sport-Turism, Bucureşti

OPTIMIZAREA PREGĂTIRII FIZICE ŞI TEHNICO – TACTICE

LA NIVELUL LINIEI A II-A, ÎNCHIZĂTORULUI ŞI TRĂGĂTORULUI LA JUNIORI U18 SI U19

Keywords: rugby, pregătire fizică, pregătire tehnico-tactică, mijloace Abstract: Rugbyul, joc sportiv caracterizat printr-un contact permanent al jucătorilor atât în jocul de apărare dar şi în jocul de atac, a impus un anume tip de jucător, diferenţiat după postul pe care îl ocupă în cadrul echipei. Această diferenţiere din toate punctele de vedere (tehnic, tactic, psihic, tip somatic) este cu atât mai evidentă şi mai necesară cu cât înaintăm pe scara valorică a performanţei sportive.Specialitatea strictă a fost impusă de jocul modern ca o necesitate obiectivă pentru atingerea performanţelor superioare.Ţinem să precizăm însă că această specializare nu exclude ci dimpotrivă impune cunoaşterea tehnicii şi tacticii fundamentale a jocului de rugby de către fiecare jucător în parte, iar măiestria sportivă poate fi atinsă numai printr-o profundă specializare. Această specializare ce face din jucătorul de rugby un jucător polivalent, e posibilă numai urmărind „principiile jocului modern de rugby”: tehnicitate desăvârşită, valoare fizică superioară şi coordonare tactică deplină.Pornind de la aceste consideraţii, lucrarea de faţă şi-a dorit să optimizeze şi să evalueze „calităţile trăgătorului, liniei a II-a şi închizătorului, în condiţiile unei pregătiri fizice şi tehnico-tactice moderne”.


63

STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HANDBALL MEANS

IN THE MIDDLE SCHOOL

Petrariu Ileana Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava

Keywords: handball, strength, development, motric qualities, specific means, Abstract: The purpose of this work is the finding and using an appropriate methodology through which we can influence the process of strength developing in handball. The sample of subjects consisted of students of VIIth grade from Suceava Miron Costin Secondary School. They were initially tested, according to the curriculum in terms of level of development of strength, and then followed a training program that includes specific means handball. After the final test, the results were compared and graphically represented. Introduction:

Modern handball or as we know it today is a popular sport (as practiced by over 15 million people in 140 countries), dynamic, spectacular and exciting at the same time. Handball is a game for all seasons, for he practiced both indoors as well as outdoors on different surfaces such as hardwood floors, clay, bitumen, synthetic surfaces etc. It contests practiced in both boys and girls, categorized by age and degree of craftsmanship sports.

Strength is one of the driving qualities required much physical activity. It underlies the simpler skills and its importance increases in direct relation to the aim pursued in the training and development of basic motor skills or those in the various branches of sport.

Material-method:

In this research we started from the following hypothesis: if in physical education classes we will use handball means, we will record changes / growth indices reflecting the level of strenght development, as well as its manifestation.


64

The research purpose is to find and use an appropriate methodology through which to influence the process of developing strength quality.

Within this paper we used the following research methods: bibliographical study method; pedagogical observation method; test method; conversation method; statistical and mathematical method; method of interpreting and processing the information.

In this research were applied following events: throwing the ball (TB); long jump from standstill (LJ); lifting the dorsal trunk from lying (situps); extensions of the trunk of facial laying (extensions). Results and discussions:

The entire class has 20 students, nine girls and 11 boys. After applying the above tests were recorded following data that will be presented in tabular form.

Statistical indicator

T.B. L.J. Situps Extensions I.T. F.T. I.T. F.T. I.T. F.T. I.T. F.T.

Average 24,88 26,45 1,69 1,82 26,50 28,75 27,45 29,80 Standard deviation 7,57 6,89 0,20 0,19 4,49 5,19 5,76 6,33

Coefficient of variation 0,30 0,26 0,12 0,10 0,17 0,18 0,21 0,21

Chart no. 1 shows progress after two trials across groups for throwing the ball;

Following initial testing in the classroom was obtained a value of 24.88 after a period of 4 weeks which handball was used as a way of physical educţiei in developing quality driving force, was obtained value of 26.45. Otherwise the recorded progress was 1.57 after two tests.

Aruncarea mingii de oina

24

24,5

25

25,5

26

26,5

27

T.I. T.F.

T.I.T.F.

Chart no. 1


65

Chart no 2 shows progress after the second test sample groups across the long jump from standstill.

Following initial testing in the classroom was obtained a value of 1.69 after a period of 4 weeks in which handball was used as a way of physical education in developing strenght quality, was obtained value of 1.82. Otherwise the recorded progress was 0.13 after two tests.

Saritura in lungime de pe loc

1,6

1,65

1,7

1,75

1,8

1,85

T.I. T.F.

T.I.T.F.

Chart no 2

Chart no 3 shows progress after two tests across the test sample groups for lifting the dorsal trunk from lay.

Following initial testing in the classroom, pupils obtained a value of 26.50 after a period of 4 weeks after handball methods were used as a way of physical education in developing strenght quality they obtained the value of 28.75 Otherwise a progress of 2.25 after two tests.

Ridicarea trunchiului din culcat dorsal - Abdomene

2525,5

2626,5

27

27,528

28,529

T.I. T.F.

T.I.T.F.

Chart no 3


66

Chart no 4 shows progress after two tests across the test sample groups for lifting the trunk from facial lay. Following initial testing in the classroom was obtained a value of 27.45 after a period of 4 weeks in which handball was used as a way of physical education in developing strenght quality was obtained value of 29.80. Otherwise the progress recorded was 2.35 after two tests.

Ridicarea trunchiului din culcat facial - Extensii

2626,5

2727,5

28

28,529

29,530

T.I. T.F.

T.I.T.F.

Chart no 4

Conclusions:

The study was conducted following conclusions: - The assumption was confirmed; - Handball methods can be used as a means for strenght

development; - Application of handball specific methods in the physical

education lessons for VIIth grade students increases all forms of strength.

References: [1] Balint, Elena, Bazele teoretico-metodice ale antrenamentului în jocul de handbal, Braşov, Editura Universităţii Transilvania din Braşov, 2006; [2] Baştiurea, Eugen, Handbal - concepte, principii şi căi de perfecţionare ale antrenamentului, Galaţi, Editura Academica, 2007; [3] Ghermănescu, I.K., Teoria şi metodica handbalului, Ed. Didactică și Pedagogică, București 2006

DEZVOLTAREA FORȚEI PRIN INTERMEDIUL JOCULUI DE HANDBAL ÎN CICLUL GIMNAZIAL


67

Cuvinte cheie: handbal, forta, dezvoltare, calitati motrice, mijloace specifice Rezumat: Scopul acestei lucrari este reprezentat de găsirea și utilizarea unei metodologii adecvate prin intermediul căreia să se influențeze procesul de dezvoltarea a calității motrice forța in cadrul jocului de handbal. Eşantionul de subiecţi a fost constituit de elevii clasei a VII-a de la Şcoala Gimnazială Miron Costin din Suceava. Acestia au fost testaţi iniţial, conform programei şcolare în ceea ce priveşte nivelul de dezvoltare a fortei, apoi au urmat un program de pregătire care include mijloace specifice jocului de handbal. După testarea finală, rezultatele au fost comparate si reprezentate grafic.


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RECOVERY THROUGH PHYSICAL THERAPY A RADIUS OF FRACTURE ON CHILDREN

Petrariu Ileana

Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava

Keywords: physiotherapy, fracture, upper limb, radius, recovery Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the improvement, reducing recovery time for fractures of the radius by applying a specialized and individualized recovery program.

The research was conducted within the Physical Therapy and Swimming Complex from Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava. For research we selected a subject with radius fracture who received physicaltherapy treatment during March-May 2016, the 2 times a day, each for 45 minutes. Introduction:

Fractures of the forearm and especially the lower end of the radius are considered the most important and common pathologies order Traumatology over time, being one of the current problems facing the Orthopaedic Department in hospitals.

This type of trauma, fracture radius, representing 74.52% of all fractures encountered upper limb, 18.8% of injuries of this type encountered at the locomotor apparatus and 2/3 of all fractures encountered in the forearm. Depending on the prevalence of this type of injury can be compared with fractures of the upper end of the femur.

Radiuses fractures represent 22% of the fractures encountered in adult 4 in 10,000 adults suffer such an injury every year.


69

The incidence of these fractures is high and young people. Increasing the number of auto accidents increase the number of trauma, this trauma may be considered "fracture of the young athlete" for this reason. Material-method:

This work was motivated by the formulation of the following assumptions:

- If the application of a recovery program radius fracture can reduce the harm done in the chosen pathology;

- Whether physical therapy may be helpful in reducing joint stiffness occurred as a consequence of trauma and immobilization in the a cast;

- If physical therapy has an important role in preventing and combating these sequels that gives them stiffness of the child.

- Whether through physical therapy may improve quality of life.

Choosing the most appropriate method of research is a requirement imposed by the object and purpose of the research, the need to verify the research hypotheses. Thus, the research methods were: theoretical documentation method, conversation method, observation method, measurement methods (exploration and evaluation), recording method, processing and graphical representation of data method.

The research was conducted within the Physical Therapy and Swimming Complex from the Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava and practical application of chiropractic programs were conducted in the same structure.

Hall is equipped with: bicycle ergometer; Gymnastic mattresses; fixed scale; pulleys; balls; walking sticks; as well as other objects that were helpful to our goal

Overall treatment program had the following objectives: - practicing with neighboring joints: shoulder, elbow; - correction and alignments positions of hand and the functional

segments; - obtaining articular relaxation and repose; - encrease extensor and flexor muscle force; - restoring daily gestures; - improving local circulation.

Results and discussions:


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TABLE NO. 1. Articular testing

MOTION INITIAL INTERMEDIATE FINAL NORMAL Flexion 45˚ 60˚ 90˚ 90˚

Extension 25˚ 45˚ 75˚ 75˚ Radial

inclination 5˚ 10˚ 15˚ 15˚

Ulnar inclination 10˚ 20˚ 38˚ 40˚

Flexia pumnului

0102030405060708090

100

Iniţial Intermediar Final Normal

Gra

de

Chart no.1. Graphical representation of movement of wrist flexion Regarding wrist flexion we can see that movement parameters to

final testing are equal to the normal one.

Extensia pumnului

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


grad

e

Chart no. 2. Graphical representation of movement of wrist

extension


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Regarding the extension movement of the wrist we can see that the final testing parameters are equal to normal.

Înclinarea radială a pumnului

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


grad

e

Chart no. 3. Graphical representation of radial inclination movement of

the wrist Regarding the radial inclination movement on the wrist it can be

seen that the final testing parameters are equal to normal.

Înclinarea cubitală a pumnului

05

101520

2530354045


grad

e

Chart no. 4. Graphical representation of movement by inclination the

wrist cubital

As regards movement of cubital inclination in wrist motion parameters we can see that the final testing is very close to normal.

TABLE NO. 2. Muscular testing

MOTION INITIAL INTERMEDIATE FINAL NORMAL FLEXION F3 F4 F5 F5

EXTENSION F2 + F4 F5 F5


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Flexia pumnului - forţa musculară

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


indi

ce fo

rţă

Chart no. 5 Graphical representation of wrist flexion – muscular strenght

Regarding the forearm muscle testing can be seen that flexion of

the wrist at the final testing is equal to the normal value.

Extensia pumnului - forţa musculară

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


Indi

ce fo

rţă

Chart no. 6. Graphical representation of movement of wrist extension –

muscular strenght

Regarding the forearm muscle testing can be seen that flexion of the wrist at the final testing is equal to the normal value. Conclusions:

Analyzing the results obtained in the patient outcomes, we can

conclude that the assumptions were confirmed and sustained the paper. 1) Physical therapy and its associated resources lead to healing

fracture of the radius and the consequences of this pathology given.


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2) Wrist stiffness can have serious consequences if intervention is timely and early physical therapist.

3) Physical therapy has the means to prevent and combat sequels, but must be individualized according to age, sex, type of lesion, the patient's level of training, its general condition.

4) For the results to be relevant, it needs collaboration between therapists - patient.

5) Physical therapy is useful in stopping wrinkles wrist if started at an early stage of the disease

Physical therapy should be dosed as rhythm, duration, strength and especially should be individualized. It can be said that the application of exercise is more important than the other processes used (paraffin, massage etc).

References: [1] Albu I., Georgia R.: Anatomie patologica, Ediţia a II-a, Editura ALL, 1998; [2] Antonescu D.M., Patologia aparatului locomotor,vol I, Editura Medicală, Bucureşti, 2006; [3] Horia Vermeşan, Curs de ortopedie şi traumatologie, Vol I-membrul superior, Editura Medicală, 1992 [4] Netter H. Frank, M.D., Atlas of human anatomy, 3rd edition, Editura Medicala-Callistro-2005. [5] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1672.htm

RECUPERAREA PRIN KINETOTERAPIE A FRACTURII DE

RADIUS LA COPII

Cuvinte cheie: kinetoterapie, fractura, membru superior, radius, recuperare Rezumat: Scopul acestei lucrări este de a contribui la îmbunătăţirea, reducerea timpului de recuperare în cazul fracturilor de radius prin aplicarea unui program de recuperare specializat şi individualizat. Cercetarea s-a desfăşurat în cadrul Complexului de Nataţie şi Kinetoterapie din cadrul Universităţii Ştefan cel Mare Suceava. Pentru cercetare am selectat un subiect cu fractură de radius care a beneficiat de tratament kinetoterapeutic în perioada martie - mai 2016, de 2ori pe zi, câte 45 de minute.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1672.htm


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CONTRIBUTION OF THE RUGBY TAG GAME TO

DEVELOPING MOTRIC SKILLS, SPEED AND ABILITIES IN STUDENTS OF THE GYMNASIAL CYCLE

Benedek Florian

Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Keywords: motric skills, tag-rugby, speed, abilities Abstract:

The main objective of the research that we have chosen is to find some strategies that will allow us to improve the indicators of motric qualities - speed and ability. Being a passionate rugby player, in order to fulfill the objective, I have carefully selected specific methods that have the effect of improving these qualities. In school, during the physical education lesson, a variant of the rugby game is Srugby or Rugby-tag where there is no direct contact with the opponent. Introduction:

The game of rugby is a form of sport with a highly educative and training value and it evolved and spread in the world not just because of its ethic and moral qualities or the great show that the most skilled players can offer, but also through its huge possibilties of technical - tactical resolvation that is incredibly spectacular.

Rugby-tag is a sports game which is being practiced at high speed, without having contact with the opponent and can be practiced, unlike rugby, by both boys and girls. It is a very fun game with easy to learn rules, basically being a version of the official rugby game and it is mainly destined to schoolkids. The rules of the game are mainly the same, except for touching the opponent and kicking. The transition between attacking and defending is made by losing the material attached to the tag strap by a defenser.

The player carrying the ball must run only facing the direction of travel and is not allowed to push or touch players trying to wrest tag. He will pass the ball to his teammates from the nearest side or from behind. When the ball is lost / missing because it is being missed or wrongly passed,it is not allowed to throw it after him - in this case the penalty will be applied .


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At this age of puberty that is including gymnasium students, training and the physical education class aims to improve the basic motor indices which will later allow to implement technical skills , in our case specific Rugby tag abilities.

The means in this sports game provides a multilateral training of students in any class, contributing to the harmonious development of student body and what interests us in this paper , the development of motor skills , mainly those of speed and handiness .

The exercises within the game of rugby is mostly conducted as games, contests, relay race , applicative runs, where the element of race captures more active interest and participation of students. Rugby - tag is developing in a continuous dynamic, students being placed permanently in unprecedented situations , which they must solve well , specifically in terms of quick decision and anticipation and as fast as possible.

The main qualities in this sports game are ability, speed in terms of strength (the duration of the game) and force while having a lesser role.

Material and method

In this paper we have started from the following assumptions: Specific exercises and games of Rugby - tag, sensibly applied

depending on the particular development of students of class VII - have the purpose to bring about a rapid and visible raise in motric speed and skill indices.

I also believe that the means of rugby - tag can successfully contribute to developing overall motric qualities of students, in the harmonious physical development, to maintain health and to create moral and character features during the competitive game , which lead to the successful achievement of its main objectives general / specific skills of the discipline Physical Education and Sport .

Research Purposes What we have proposed in this research is to develop students'

general motric skill with emphasis on handiness and speed. The main goal is to find the best strategies of the game Srugby in order to confirm the assumptions.

This can only be achieved by carefully following the whole experiment, from initial testing in order to objectively underline the level of the selected student, selection of the most appropriate means of


76

Srugby, having them acquisitioned by pupils and ending it with a careful processing of the obtained data.

In conducting this experiment, I chose to work with students of class VII High School of Sports from Suceava.

In this school, specific Rugby - tag antrenaments are being held, so I could work with randomly selected students who were part of the experimental group. The other control group was composed of the same number of students from another class VII - the same school. Both groups were made up of boys.The actual experiment was held in the High School of Sports in Suceava which was provided with all the necessary materials. The research was conducted in the school year: 2015-2016, during January-May.

Control samples were applied: Speed running over a distance of 50 m: The student will run on a

hard surface beginning from the start position; timer will stop when the student will pass the finish line; two runs will be exectued and it will be chosen the best result.

number of passes: the student must execute as many races as possible in 30 seconds. He starts by running, receiving a pass from a student located to his left and another quick pass to the right;he will continue speed running will pass by an obstacle which is 10 m in front of him and will receive again a pass from the right then pass it himself to the left, then pass by the obstacle again. The number of passed made will be recorde in 30 seconds

running with the ball: two parallel lines will be drawn 10 m apart from each other and at the end of them, two circles.The student with a rugby ball in his hands, has the task of placing the ball from one circe to another, while moving as fast as possible general coordination tes Matorin - the student jumps with the entire body rotating at 360 degrees, while being in the center of the circle which is divided into 8 quadrants (45o each quadrant). Each quadrant is recorded with 2 points; Full jump - 360 degrees has 18 points, and if balance and landing site are preserved, 2 additional points are offered, 20 points being the highest score.

Squared test (Fig.1) In this test, the student must jump on both legs of the square number. "0" to square with the number "10" via other numbers correctly.

10

4 2 5 1 9 6


77

7 3 8 0

Figure 1

Tabel 1: First and final testing of stuends from the experimental group

Speed run 50m

Moving with the ball

Number of passes

Square test

Matorin Test

Arithmetic average It

8.33 13.64 6.75 11.99 16

Airthmetic average Ft

7.68 12.81 9.08 10.70 17.83

Tabel 2: First and final testing of students from the control

group. Speed run

50 m Moving with the ball

Number of passes

Square test

Matorin Test

Arithmetic average It

8.22 13.45 7.25 12.01 16

Arithmetic average Ft

7.80 13.21 8.25 11.86 16.83

After recording the data in tables and arithmetic calculation

above, we compared the initial and final testing for individual groups and also compared averages of the two groups that have worked together. The difference was expressed in seconds, number of passes, or meters, as well as a percentage.

Tabel 3 Difference between testings-Speed run 50 m Speed run 50 m

Experimental group Control group T.I T.F T.I T.F

8.33 7.68 8.22 7.80 Difference

0,65 0,42 Difference in percentage (D %)

8,46% 5,38%

Tabel 4 Difference between testings– Moving with the ball Moving with the ball


13.64 12.81 13.45 13.21


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Difference (D) 0.83 0.24

Difference in percentage (D%) 6.47% 1.81 %

Tabel 4: Difference between testings-Number of passes Number of passes


6.75 9.08 7.25 8.25 Difference (D)

2.33 1.0 Difference in percentage (D%)

25% 12%

Tabel 5 Difference between testings-Square test Square test


11,99 10,70 12,01 11,86 Difference (D)

1,29 0,14 Difference in percentage (D %)

10% 8,09% Tabel 6 Difference between testings– Test Matorin

Matorin Test Experimental group Control group

T.I T.F T.I T.F 16 17.83 16 16,83

Difference (D) 1,83 0, 83

Difference in percentage (D %) 10,26% 4,93%

Graphical representation of the results


79

Chart no. 1 speed running 50 m

In the first sample of speed running 50 m in which we aimed to

develop speed, we can see visible progress in students who took part in the experiment compared to those who went through physical education lessons according to the syllabus (Chart no. 1).

If after the first test, both groups obtained similar values (8.33 experiment group and 8, 22 control group), the final testing which was carried out in the same conditions, both groups achieved an evolution, most visible in the group that traveled the means of Srugby's shown in the experiment (7.68 target group or the control group 7.80). Interpreted mathematically and statistically data have led to greater progress of observing the targeted group, the difference between testing being 0.65 seconds average (8.46% percentage difference) and the control group difference of 0.42 (percentage difference of 5.38%)

Chart no. 2 Commuting with the ball


80

The next test - Commuting with the ball - which had as a purpose to evaluate the speed of abilities. By currently analyzing the chart (Chart no. 2) we can see remarkable developments of the target group.

We must emphasize that during schooling the motor capacity develops continuously no matter the means we choose, so both groups have a slight evolution of the manifestation of speed - speed under skill, but still in favor of the target group, because it was insisted on increasing the speed indexes using specific SRugby methods.

In the first test, similar results were obtained for both groups, which were: 13.64 seconds on average for the target group and 13.45 seconds on average for the control group.

After several months of training, the target group reached 12.81 seconds on average, and the control group 13.21 seconds on average. The difference between the first tested groups was 0.83 "average percentage 6.47%, while for the second groups the difference was 0.24", 1.81% percentage.

Chart no. 3 number of passes made

As we see in the chart above ( Chart no. 3) in the initial testing ,

students of the control group achieved a better average of the number of passes made, but at the final tests, one can see an evolution of both groups , but more evidently of the subject of the experiment. If between the initial and final test the average of the experimental group rose with 2.33 passes in the control group it only averaged 1.00 passes . The difference between the percentages being 25% in the first group and 12 % the next.


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Chart no. 4 Square test

At the first evaluation, the target group totaled an average of

11.99 seconds, and the other of 12.01 " average. After application of the operating systems on a single group, they have been detached from one another, so the first group of the obtained final testing 10.70 " , and the other 11.86 " on average.

Chart no. 5 Matorin test

The last test destined to assess overall coordination was the

Matorin test, in which both groups were equal after the first testing. After working with the experimental group for some time, its

results rose by 1.83 points on average, and the results of the control group increased by only 0.83 points on average .

The difference between the two is a clear one, so we have an increase of 10.26 % experimenatel group level and an increase of only 4.93 % of the control group. Conclusion


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As a general conclusion we can say that the means we have chosen to improve the qualities of speed and skill have contributed successfully, progress being visible. Using games with a theme specific to Rugby-tag and drives with the game elements and processes lead to the achievement of the assumptions set After applaying the means of the game of Rugby - tag in physical education lessons, all indicators were registered as being increased compared to the achievemtns of the students in control group lessons where teaching was carried out by traditional means and according to the curriculum. Most specialists in physical education and those with knowledge about the game of Rugby believe that specific game Srugby structures must be adequate to dynamic and kinematic structure of the basic exercises in physical education at the secondary school to match the behavioural and motivational structures of students. Analysis of the results of our experiment confirmed that both the experimental group and the control group regarding the motric level, are mostly over scales of the National Evaluating System.

Bibliography [1] CONSTANTIN, V., (2004)., Rugby- tehnică şi tactică, Editura FEST, Bucureşti; [2] PĂDUREANU, N., LEONTE, M. (1982). Rugby – noțiuni de bază din tehnica și tactica jocului, București, Editura Sport – Turism [3] RAȚĂ, G., (2008). Didactica Educației Fizice și Sportului, Editura PIM, Iași.

CONTRIBUŢIA JOCULUI DE RUGBY-TAG LA DEZVOLTAREA CALITĂȚILOR MOTRICE VITEZA ȘI ÎNDEMÂNAREA LA NIVELUL ELEVILOR DIN CICLUL

GIMNAZIAL

BENEDEK FLORIAN Universitatea Ştefan cel Mare din Suceava

Cuvinte cheie: calități motrice, rugby – tag, viteza și îndemânarea.


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Rezumat Domeniul de cercetare ales are în prim plan găsirea unor strategii

prin care se poate ajunge la creșterea indicilor calităților motrice – viteza și îndemânarea. Fiind un jucător pasionat al jocului de rugby, pentru a îndeplini obiectivul propus am selectat atent mijloace specifice jocului de rugby care au drept efect creșterea indicilor acestor calități. În școala, în lecția de Educație Fizică și sport, o variantă a jocului de rugby oficial este Srugby sau rugby – tag unde nu întâlnim contact direct cu adversarul.

FINDINGS ON THE TRAINING CLASSES OPTIMIZE

STARTING FOOTBALL

Grosu Bogdan-Marius Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava

Keywords: football, optimize, training, beginners, means Abstract: Evolution football game, which in recent decades has experienced a high level of progress at a speed game much improved, and possession of the ball as prolonged requires training future players since the earliest ages, so selection and training from the age of 5-6 years. To address the scientific selection and training of children is necessary to know, studying and highlighting the player's performance profile of high performance, structured models to be attained during instruirii.La this age without previously accumulated a minimum of technical knowledge -tactice with characteristic entiziasmul childhood students will turn the game into a cluster continues around the ball, there is collaboration, which will not allow learning proper basic technical elements and will contribute decisively sometimes, loss of pleasure practice this sport. In this respect, rehearse separate elements and basic techniques, individually, in pairs or small groups of students in the form of static exercises, easy dynamic of relays with different degrees of complexity,


84

depending elevilor.Jocurile of the ball must supplement this means, have simplified rules and a predominantly playful. Introduction: A side with important significance in practice jocturilor sports in general, so by default the game of football is the activity of choice, an activity that aims at finding and attracting children with real motor skills to practice football in an organized and guidance specialized instructors. The selection is used for choosing which children can prepare for his coach sports tournaments. Selection is a process that takes place permanently. Coach purpose is to find children who meet the requirements involved in the game of football.Until it reaches the primary selection, the child is at a young age at which the probability can not say if he has talent for football. Often, the choice of sports is because of their parents, friends and even random. But decisive is not the way a child came to practice football but, like many children learn and love the sport because only this way can be selected from its most talented. For this it needs to prepare.But while there is also the risk of a hasty elections. Therefore, children should not be forced immediately after the first meeting with the coach, to become footballers. A 6 or even 9 years is not aware of the capabilities and inclinations that we have, and parents and teachers can not say for sure what kind of talent possesses. If talented and feels attracted to football, there is a certainty that he remain in the field and to continue training. Material-method: In recent years, football has developed significantly in all its components: technical, tactical, physical, psychological, which led to the practice of a football game with the technical and tactical conducted at high speed. For the new technical and physical, it becomes necessary to prepare children to have a specific character ever set, focusing on technical training as early childhood purposes of aggregating a bag as big of elements and techniques to realize how quickly jump to a higher level. In terms of training content at this age, players must be able to play. As a result, means it will initiate technical training game with the ball and without the ball (elements and techniques of learning). Also, these funds will give the player a minimum game intelligence and quality coordination, balance and laterality. At the beginning of training, the children selected will be evaluated through samples and tests , because the coach might know the strengths


85

and weaknesses of each child, to know the value of each component of the group, so that he will know further how to address each component of training .At this age (8-10 years), the children being to beginners , it is advisable to use simple exercises without high degree of difficulty , what will that training be pleasant for children. The ball must not be missing from these exercises. The main components of training that will be addressed in a higher weight will be the technical side and the overall physical development. For the technical side, will develop and utilize exercises for learning is hitting the ball with the flat with shoelace inside shoe outdoor shoe filled for kicking the ball away with the head still and jersey, learning takeovers with the flat, thigh, chest, head, learning technical and tactical structures for attack and defense -two- learning as a community.With learning these techniques, children should be told and their tactical use.This group of children selected for initial training, training has a strong training and capacity building and driving skills General tasks of this age group are: - general physical development , better health and motor skills development ; - technique and tactics understanding of the fundamentals of the game ; - educating moral qualities and will. To develop these tasks indicated: a) use of a large number of physical exercise in a different movements and varied nature of neuromuscular effort. The focus will be on flexibility exercises, skill, mobility, speed and flash . b) technical training will focus on learning successive technical elements basic as: hitting the ball with your foot, taking leadership, dodge, aiming at learning correct each process with a special focus guide equal to both feet, both at reception and at kicking the ball away. c) learning tactics is implemented gradually. It begins with an introduction to individual tactical actions ( marking - marking, attack and defense, ball movement ) and continue with small games 1-2 partners. d) Because, at this age, the child is characterized by a sharp responsiveness, a developed sense of observation and imitation, desire for knowledge, affirmation, sensitivity, it is recommended that demonstrate and exemplify be accompanied each time by appropriate explanations.At the same time they will be tempered with tact pedagogical trends of individualism that may occur. To ensure the properties of the material taught in these years, it is recommended to take three lessons per week (excluding game) under the


86

direction of coach, with a duration of 60-90 minutes, and that opportunities to play unguided - every day, the children feel the need to play-and using a summary gaming equipment. If this paper, the experiment was conducted in compliance with strict requirements for completing an experiment, as follows: • in the research groups of children participating athletes were composed of the same age and the same level of training - beginners groups of children aged 8-10 years ; • methodology, the experiment was conducted with two samples mandatory experimental sample and blank sample: - Experimental groupe - beginners group 8-10 years (children born in 2004-2006) belonging to Association Football Club Botosani; - Groupe experiment - beginners group 8-10 years (children born in 2004-2006) High School of Sports Botosani; • the conditions of training and sports grounds were the same for both groups of children, using two land: - Football field reduced room - Reduced football field outdoors. • the main objective of the experiment was to demonstrate that relationships play a team better prepared from a technical standpoint, will be superior to a team whose preparation was not based on learning elements and technical procedures necessary to prepare children beginners.

The research was conducted under the Sports High School Sports in Botosani, during the period April 2014 - July 2014 two groups of children were composed of athletes aged 8-10 years, children born in 2004-2006. Results and discussions

The types of tests that apply to juvenile football practice are consistent with training factors, namely: physical tests, tests and tests of psychomotor technical and tactical.

Chart No. 1- Making passes with the flat


87

39 4253

71

05

101520253035404550556065707580

testare iniţială testare finală

Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 2- Making great medium and long lace inside

19 21 2331

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 3- Making passes with outdoor shoe


88

11 14 1521

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 4- Making passes with the flat

17 1623

38

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 5- Taking the ball

14 14 1927

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 6- Taking the ball to the thigh


89

9 8 1421

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 7- Taking the ball with his chest

8 815

24

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 8- Making feint to overcome the opponent

22 2027

35

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment


90

Chart No. 9- Making shots on goal

21 2029

35

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Chart No. 10- Making combinations of 2 players

14 15 20 24

05

101520253035404550556065707580


Martor

Experiment

Conclusions: Currently, the football player must go through several stages of preparation, and finally come to practice football in a professional club. If after several years football was practiced in gaming pleasure today to be footballer is a profession in itself, where players receive the best conditions for training, the financial side is always present in the vocabulary of football players, not conceive practicing this game without pay. For the organization, composition and preparation of such a group level, the first step is selection work, the coach must seek and attract children to practice skills of the game through various tests and trials and from different backgrounds. Children can be selected from schools in their pursuit at playgrounds, at various official competitions and friendlies


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Regarded as an important component of footballers preparation, selection work should be carried out in the most serious way possible, respecting truly samples and control rules set out in books and specialist programs. The selection will be conducted on an ongoing basis, not just when you want to compile a group, as always can appear Children qualities in an early stage of selection did not attend, or who meanwhile have developed some skills to practice this sport. The coach must always be in the process of search and discovery of new talent, you need to attract and prepare them to participate in various competitions and promoting their value to the following groups. Lessons training should be enjoyable, it should not be missing from training for children, games of movement and relays will also be present during training in order to make training more enjoyable for children and to develop the spirit of competition.Children should be actively encouraged, mistakes must be corrected on time and learning of techniques during training will always use the explanation and demonstration. In any sports game, technique is crucial in that it influences the actions of a team game, which depend largely on how a player mastered the techniques and elements of that game. Football, making it part of sports games and it requires a high level of technical executions by those who practice it. Technical training is essential for children aged between 8 and 10 years for the next stage of the small football is even decisiv. The elements and the techniques to be learned correctly for the next stage of preparing children for them to be learned and strengthened, not corrected. It is easier realization of technical training as it is known the pleasure children to play with the ball, and their satisfaction when you manage to perform certain techniques. At this age, all components of training will assist in the preparation of children, but some with lower weight, such as psychological preparation, physical training and others having a higher share in the exercise, and here I refer to theoretical and tactics. Children can play football just when their technical baggage will rise to a certain level and expressing their land will be positive. The tactic of a team can not be performed during a match unless the players will be well prepared technically.

References: 1. Cojocaru, V. – Curs de fotbal- specializare, Editura ANEFS, Bucureşti, 1988.


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2. Epuran, M., Holdevici, I. – Compendiu de psihologie pentru antrenori, Editura Sport- Turism, Bucureşti, 1994. 3. Epuran, M. – Metodologia activităţilor corporale, Editura ANEFS, Bucureşti, 1992. 4. Miu, Ş., Velea, F. –Fotbal. Specializare, Editura România de mâine, Bucureşti, 2003. 5. Motroc, I., Cojocaru V. – Fotbal. Curs de bază. Tehnica şi tactica jocului de fotbal, Editura ANEFS, 1991. 6. Popescu, F. – Metodologia învăţării tehnicii jocurilor sportive, Editura România de mâine, Bucureşti, 2003. 7. Stănculescu, V. – Fotbal pentru copii şi juniori, Editura CNEFS, Bucureşti, 1985. 8. Şiclovan, I., Ardelean, C. – Fotbal la copii, Editura Stadion, Bucureşti, 1971.

THE ROLE OF KINETIC METHODS USED IN DUPUYTREN DISEASE

Oana Berăriţa1, Maria Daniela Crăciun 1,2

1. University "Stefan cel Mare"Suceava , Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

2. Interdisciplinary Research Center in Motricity Sciences and Human Health

Key words: Dupuytren, hand, kinetic therapy, „grabbing”

capacity


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Abstract: The Dupuytren disease is a flexion contraction that usually develops along the years and manifests through the thickening of the hand skin, the fingers can be also affected, especially the metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal interphanageal joint.

The majority of the patients suffering from Dupuytren disease are males over the age of fifty, being diagnosed with the bending contraction of the fingers, a major incapacity of using the hand, the capacity of “grabbing” being highly affected.

An important means of treating this disease is kinetic therapy/ physical therapy that can be used before and after surgery in order to maintain and increase the functionality of the hand from both muscular and articular point of view.

Introduction The Dupuytren disease is an old disease of unknown origin and it is

defined by Dorland as: „the conjunctival tissue of the palm is decreasing, is thickening and this leads to a distortion and bending of the fingers”.

The Dupuytren disease is a flexion contraction that usually develops along years and manifests through the thickening of the skin layers of the hand, fingers can be also affected, especially the metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal interphanageal joint.[1]

The Dupuytren contraction is characterized by the thickening of the skin layers of the palms and the bending contraction of the fingers. [2].

These cannot be entirely straightened and this leads to daily activities becoming more difficult, usually the ring and the little finger are the most affected, and rarely the thumb and the index finger. There can appear nodules which cause the formation of thick strips in the palm, stretching from one or more fingers towards the palm that leads to the bending contraction of the fingers. The little and ring finger are usually affected and appear as being clenched. The strips form between the skin layer and the tendons, usually affect both hands and they can vary.

The disease usually appears bilaterally, but just one of the hands is more affected. The Dupuytren disease has three clinical stages: the proliferative stage (the precocious stage), the involution stage (the active/ intermediary stage) and the residual stage (the advanced stage)[3].

The causes which lead to this disease are unknown, but has a series of factors as base that are associated with the appearance of this contraction: the age – it frequently manifests after the age of 50 years, the gender- males are more inclined to develop Dupuytren and have more severe contractions than females, the origin- the North-Europeans are more


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predisposed, sugared diabetes, especially the insulin dependent, the working place, a hard manual job, alcohol and tobacco, smoking represents a high risk probably because of microscopic changes in the blood vessels[4].

Study material and method The Dupuytren disease is very neglected by the majority, this is why

it ends in advanced stages with surgery, when the reduction is not possible anymore and the recovery treatment is not successful.

This is why we selected for study a patient with this disease, aged 65, operated and in an advanced stage.

The aim of this study was to increase the functionality of the affected segment through the recovery of the diminished function, the capacity of „grapping” through various kinetic methods[5].

The patient was evaluated at the beginning and at the end from the point of view of the mobility of the fingers and the fist, of the muscular force, of the „grapping” capacity and the global functionality of the hand [6].

The recovery treatment lasted for a period of 3 months, after the surgery, having a frequency of two meetings per week.

The physio-kinetic therapy treatment took place at Stefan cel Mare University at The Swimming and Kinetic Therapy Complex during 3 months from the 9th of December 2015 until the 12th of March 2016, twice a week, having a number of 22 meetings.

The objectives of the treatment were: ♣ to prevent the pain and the inflammation ♣ to preserve the function of the body ♣ to prevent and correct the deformations and the ankylosis ♣ to preserve or to increase the articular mobility ♣ to preserve or to increase the force and the muscular strength ♣ to re-educate the capacity of „grabbing” ♣ to re-educate the ability to breathe.

Means of applying the kinetic treatment:


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The patient sits down, the left hand makes a circle from the exterior to the interior and the therapist applies on his forearm some electrodes. The duration for this procedure is ten minutes on the extending muscles and ten minutes on the flexing ones

The patient sits down, T1- his forearm and palm are placed side up on the device and he is flexing and extending the fingers; T2- getting back in the first position. He has to repeat this 8 times[7].

The patient sits down, his forearm is rested on a table and ultrasounds are applied on the palm of his hand. The duration: five minutes.

The patient remains in the same position as earlier and he is applied a soothing massage that relaxes the muscles of his palm.


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Results and discussions:

The patient sits down and by using different objects (balls, circles) he holds his fingers tight as hard as he can and tries to maintain this for 10 seconds.

The patient sits down at the Canadian table, his forearm is rested on it and he makes circles with the palm of the hand facing up.


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Table 1. Fingers joint assessment

Fingers Assessment Index Middle-

finger Ring- finger

Little finger

MCP Initial Final

50 65

45 70

45 67

12 24

PIP Initial Final

70 90

65 88

87 102

75 90

DIP Initial Final

68 75

82 85

55 60

45 60

Following the testing of the fingers' mobility it was observed an

increase in mobility at the level of each tested articulation after the final evaluation.

In the process of the recovery one of the most important aims was the exercise of the prehension which was evaluated through the intermediary of making different types of grabbing things.

Tabel 2 Gripping assessment

Types gripping

Initial assessment

Final assessment

Gripping whith two fingers

1 cm 0

Gripping with three fingers

1.5 cm 0.2 cm

Thumb oposition 2 cm 0.5 cm


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00,5

11,5

22,5

Gripping whith two fingers

Gripping with three fingers

Trump opozition

Initial

Final

Fig. 1 Dynamics of gripping

As a consequence of this exercise one can observe a certain

fulfillment of the re-education of this ability.

Tabel 3. Muscle Strength

Muscles tested Initial assessment

Final assessment

Wrist flexor ( palmar large , small palmar , cubital above )

F3 F5

Wrist extensors ( extensor radial, second radial , cubital posterior )

F3 F4

Finger flexors (deep flexor, superficial flexor) F3 F4

Fingers extensors( extensor common, extensor own index, extensor finger V)

F2 F5

At the beginning of the recovery programme the muscular

strength was decreased because of the long period of immobility, at the end the muscular strength at the level of the fingers and the fist was close to normal.


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0

5

10

15

20

25

Initial Final

Ability

Functionality

Fig. 2. Hand ability and functionality

Following the application of the Michigan questionnaire the

ability and the global functionality of the hand was evaluated and a considerable improvement was observed at the final evaluation.

Discussions:

The diseases of the hand can lead to major disfunctionalities and it is recommended the active kinetic therapy that involves voluntary muscular contractions [8, 9].

The occupational therapy has a significant role in the recovery of the patient with functional deficiencies in the professional as well as family life [10, 11].

Complex recovery is made through the intermediary of social activities that offer the patient the capacity to re-adapt to daily activities without whom the kinetic treatment methods would be insufficient. To prevent Dupuytren disease to re-appear the continuation of active moves of extension of the fingers is recommended after the end of the kinetic programme as well.

Conclusions: Following the kinetic programme we observed:

- the deformed hand was corrected: from the appearance of the hand characteristic to Dupuytren disease the patient succeeded to have almost a normal aspect of the hand


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- the articular mobility increased at the level of the affected articulations and the fingers: the index from 50° increased in mobility to 65° , the middle finger increased in mobility from 45° to 70° , the ring finger increased from 45° to 67° and the acoustic from 12° to 24° - the increase of the strength and muscular resistance at the flexing muscles of the fingers from F3 to F5 and at the extension muscles of the fist from F3 to F4 - the re-education of the prehension/ grabbing capacity by making different types of „grabbing”: two fingers grabbing, the distance from the thumb to the index, from 1 cm to 0, three fingers grabbing, from 1,5cm to 0,2 cm, with opposite fingers from 2 cm to 0,5; - the increase of the capacity to do daily activities (ADL): the functional capacity of the hand increased becoming autonomous: the ability to button himself, the ability to lock/unlock the door, the ability to hold the cutlery - by applying the kinetic means adapted and personalized it was obtained a fast reintegration in the social-professional life

References

1. Antonescu D. – Patologia aparatului locomotor vol. I , Editura Medicală București 2006;

2. http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dupuytrens-disease-topic-overview;

3. Cooper C., Fundamentals of Hand Therapy Clinical Reasoning and Treatment Guidelines for Common Diagnoses of the Upper Extremity, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2006, 201-251, 320-348;

4. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dupuytrens-contracture;

5. Balint, Tatiana., Evaluarea aparatului locomotor. Iaşi : Editura Tehno Press, 2007;

6. Miller A., Heckert Di Cuccio K., Davis B., The 3-minute musculoskeletal & peripheral nerve exam Demos Medical Publishing 2009: 3: 143-167;

7. Albu C, Tiberiu L, Albu M. 2012. Kinetoterapie. Metodologia poziţionării şi mobilizării pacientului. Iaşi : Editura Polirom, 2012;

8. Kiss Jaroslav – Fizio-kinetoterapie şi recuperare medicală în afecţiunile aparatului locomotor, Ed. Medicală, 2012: 39-54;

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dupuytrens-disease-topic-overview

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dupuytrens-disease-topic-overview

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dupuytrens-contracture

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dupuytrens-contracture


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9. Niculescu M., Raveica G, Oiaga F., Tratamentul ortopedico-chirurgical şi kinetoterapie în afectiuni ale aparatului locomotor, Ed. Alma Mater, Bacau 2008, 2: 27-37;

10. Sbenghe T. – Kinetologie profilactică, terapeutică şi de recuperare, Ed. Medicală, 1987 2: 28-87, 7:445- 478, 9: 589-608;

11. Radu, B. Bucur Angela, Marcu, V. Dan Mirela., Kinetoterapia. Oradea : Editura Universitaţii din Oradea, 2006.

ROLUL MIJLOACELOR KINETICE ÎN MALADIA

DUPUYTREN

Cuvinte cheie: Dupuytren, mână, kinetoterapie, prehensiune Rezumat: Maladia Dupuytren este o contractură în flexie care de obicei se dezvoltă peste ani şi se manifestă prin îngroşarea ţesuturilor pielii la nivelul mâinii, putând fi afectate şi degetele, în special articulaţiile metacarpofalangiene şi articulaţia interfalangiană proximală.Majoritatea pacienţilor cu maladia Dupuytren sunt bărbaţi după vârsta de 50 ani, determinând contractura în flexie a degetelor, cu impotenta functionala majora a mainii, prehensiunea fiind grav afectata in aceasta maladie. Un mijloc important în tratarea acestei maladii este kinetoterapia, care se poate utiliza atât înaintea intervenţiilor chirurgicale cât şi după acestea, cu rolul de a menţine şi de a creşte funcţionalitatea la nivel articular şi muscular al mâinii.

STRESS AND SEDENTARINESS IN DAILY LIFE AND KINETIC CONTROL MEANS

Maria Daniela Crăciun 1,2


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1.University "Stefan cel Mare"Suceava , Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

2.Interdisciplinary Research Center in Motricity Sciences and Human Health

Keywords: kinetoprophylaxy, stress, sedentariness, physical activity. Abstract:Annually, sedentary lifestyle and stress kill about5.3 million people, 10% respectively of all deaths worldwide. So we applied 100 questionnaires on subjects of different ages, in rural and urban areas, with different business areas in order to highlight the sedentary lifestyle and stress levelsat work in terms of actual life. After the centralization of the questionnaires we selected 2 persons C.A. 25 years old and C.M. 48 years oldwith whom I haveimplemented a kinetoprophylaxy program at work. They followed aneasy program,structured on 15-20 minutes sessions, twice a week at lunch break with relaxation, breathing and stretching exercises. A balanced and healthy diet, a well-structuredschedule, more leisure time, more frequent walks and more emphasis on moving lead to diminishing the negative effects of stress. Introduction: Annually, sedentary lifestyle killsabout5.3 million people, 10% respectively of all deaths worldwide.An international survey indicates that in the absence of movement, the body is susceptible todeveloping diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Worldwide, studies show that people who die from sedentariness have a number almost equal to that of death due to smoking, which is a worrying thing. [1, 2] One of the sedentariness reasons is the increasingly advanced means of transportationbut alsothe industrialization and spending as much time watching TV or using various gadgets. 70% of the teenagers spend more than 2 hours / day on TV.[1]


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Fig.1 Diseases caused by sedentary

Hippocrates is the first doctor who noticed the relationship between movement, muscles and the value of physical and mental exercise in human life[3] Kinetotherapy is a therapy that has been applied when suffering appeared, helping the patient to regain his autonomy, to reintegrate in daily life, movement having positive effects on both patient’s body and pshychic.[4] The body's position is sustained by the passive system (represented by the spine, the pelvis, and the superior and inferior members) and the active system represented by the neuro-muscular system. We do nowadays our jobs by standing or sitting, only with our hands, without moving other parts of our body. While our attention, concentration and nervous tension increase our moves become more limited.[5,6] The scale of standing jobs is extremely high, the number of the working hours lead to fatigue and in this way our efficiency decreases. In order to prevent these effects we recommend movement at the office, relaxation and gymnastics exercises.[7] Material and method The purpose of this paper is to create a study in order to observe the static problems and thereby to help people become aware of the negative effects of the everyday’s sedentary environment.


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The main objectives of the research are: Promoting movement and physical exercise in everyday

environment; Raising the awareness of the danger caused by the sedentariness; Correcting the ideal position at the office; Raising the awareness of movement benefits or breathing

exercises; Initiating subjects in physical activities, swimming and other

leisure activities; Gaining the bio-psycho-social equilibrium; Educating subjects in getting a diet and practicing physical

exercises for an optimal health.

The balance between body, spirit and mind is very important in our life, but mostly in fighting against static spinal diseases, stress, sedentariness, obesity and all the other harmful existing conditions. This balance is not acquired by birth, but we must learn how to balance it towards the positive side. But there are some techniques and exercises that help maintain or acquire it, which we highlighted in a questionnaire applied on 100 subjects of different ages, in rural and urban fields, with different business areas.

After the centralization of the questionnaires we selected 2 people C.A. 25 years old and C.M. 48 years old with whomI implemented a kinetoprophylaxy program at work. They followed an easy program, structuredon 15-20 minutessessions, twice a week at lunch break, with relaxation, breathing or stretchingexercises. They worked progressively, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex. After the anamnesis, it has been found that they did not have so far other diseases. Subject C.M. onlypresents pain in the lumbar spine due to incorrect posture at work. For a proper implementation of the program, we complied with a series of rules: - the program was conducted in a relatively short time, it was not wasted time in changing equipment or in moving to a wider location. The exercises were adapted to the existing situation. - exercises had a custom profile made for those muscle groups that are not used at the office. - basic training methods were followed in such a way that the subjects were able to carry out their daily activities without pain, would not suffer, not get tired or not to feel overwhelmed.

Each training session began with a short warming up of the musculoskeletal system, some breathing exercises and then some


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stretching exercises. Each session ended with views from both sides, opinions and discussions about the effects and benefits of the movement and the time management, so they can get active even 15 minutes a day. Results and discussions: After analyzing the data in the questionnaire, I can say that 15.7% of the interviewed subjects live in a sedentary environment; they do not have time to move, while 46.1% exercise only when they have time and only 38.2% have a regular physical activity.

Fig. 2 Weighting physical activity

I also observed that about 40% of the respondents have physical activity an hour or two per week and 30% have a moderate physical activity of 3 – 4 hours per week.

Fig. 3 Physical activity per week

63% of the subjects do not pay special attention to diet but 52% eat daily fruits and vegetables. Those who do not pay special attention to diet, blame lack of time (66,3%), fatigue (28,4%) or work (22,1%).


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About 62% of the subjects think they have a partially chaotic life, 31 % say they have an ordered life and the rest of 7% think they are totally chaotic.

Fig.4 Daily lifestyle

On a scale of 1 to 5, 55% said that stress affects them 3/5, 20% said that stress affects them 2/5 and 9% said that stress affects them 5/5 and only 11% are not affected by stress. An open answer question related to the daily stress and sedentary management in a company was raised among the subjects. The respondents gave the following answers: five of them said that music would be an opportunity to prevent stress, two replied that team sports would relax them, others stated that doing nothing, eliminating deadlines and 5-10 minuteshort breaks every hour are good ways to eliminate stress. Some employees suggested they would practice sport, would like to receive subscriptions at the gym, pool or have some special recreation rooms. Another person replied that he wished to feel the team spirit at the office and that the best way to combat stress would be to treat the others nice, in order to feel better. Another category of subjects want to do yoga, sports, walks, team activities, play tennis, billiards or having a massage. The question “Do you practice physical relaxation exercises at the office? ” 41,8% answered that they did, 43,9% of the respondents said that they had never tried relaxation exercises at the office, but they would try and 13,3% said they didn’t needed any.


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0 10 20 30 40 50

I've never tried, I don'tthink I need

I've never tried, but I'll trysome of them

Yes, I exercised at theoffice

others

No. of responses 13,3 43,9 41,8 1

I've never tried, I

I've never tried, but

Yes, I exercised others

Fig. 5 Exercise at the office

Fig. 6 Stretching exercises at the office

(www.google.ro/ exercitii+la+birou&w=655&bihource=lnms&tbm) After having presented a few exercises at the office, the subjects say they would try them with the first occasion and they think that these exercises are beneficial.


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After the analysis and discussions carried out with the two subjects we workedkinetoprophylactic exercises with, the subjects declared that they felt better, that the work program is carried lighter, lower back pain has stopped appearing, time passes quickly, the day ends in a nice way, there are not so stressed out mentally and physically and they feel much better than before the exercises [8]. After a few kinetoprophylatic sessions, where the subject C.A. exercised balancing on Bobath ball, he changed his office chair with it, because he felt better and had a correct and more confortable position. Conclusions Following this study, some conclusions were revealed: - a balanced and healthy diet,a well-organized program, more leisure time, more frequent walks and more emphasis on moving diminish the negative effects of stress[9]; - employees of companies with an average sedentary environment do not realize the severity of their problems, which are often caused by sitting at desk for hours. - through questionnaires and kinetoprophylaxy exercises they were able to acknowledge and to maintain the correct position at work, - surveyed people try to adopt a balanced lifestyle and exercise as often as possible - static problems are common in sedentary environment and therefore information regarding the correct position at the office have brought a real benefit in combating static disorders and in the occurrence of static physical deficiencies. References: [1]https://www.books-express.ro/blog/sedentarismul-otrava generatiei-noastre; [2] Barnea Elena, Sedentarismul in viata femeii, Editura Sport Turism, Bucuresti, 1982; [3] Postolache, N. Istoria universală a kinetoterapiei. : Editura Fundaţiei România de Mâine, București 2007; [4] Albu Constantin, Armbruster Tiberiu-Leonard, Albu Mihai. Kinetoterapie, Ed. Polirom, Iași, 2012; [5] Cordun Mariana. Postura corporala normala si patologica, Editura ANEFS, Bucuresti 1999. [6] Bălteanu Veronica,. Compediu de kinetoterapie. Editura Cermi, Iași: 2005;

https://www.books-express.ro/blog/sedentarismul-otrava


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[7]Zoltan Pasztai, Terapii-Tehnici-Metode complementare de relaxare, decontracturare folosite in Kinetoterapie, Ed. Logos, Oradea, 2001; [8] Ylinen Jari, Stretching Therapy for Sport and manual therapies, Churchill Livingstone, 2011; [9]Hidle Tim, Cum să reducem stresul, Editura RAO, 2001.

STRESUL SI SEDINTARISMUL IN VIATA COTIDIANĂ

SI MIJLOACE KINETICE DE COMBATERE

Cuvinte cheie: kinetoprofilaxie, stres, sedentarism, activitate

fizică

Rezumat: Anual, sedentarismul si stresul ucide aproximativ 5,3 milioane de persoane respectiv, 10 % din totalul deceselor de la nivel mondial. Astfel am aplicat 100 de chestionare pe subiecți de vârste diferite, din mediul urban și rural, cu domenii de activitate diferite, pentru a evidentia nivelul sedentarismului si al stresului la locul de munca in conditiile vietii actuale. Dupa centralizarea chestionarelor am selectat 2 persoane C. A. de 25 ani și C.M. de 48 de ani pe care am alicat un program de kinetoprofilaxie la locul de muncă. Acestia au urmat un program lejer, structurat pe sedințe de câte 15-20 de minute, de două ori pe săptămână în pauza de masă, cu exerciții de relaxare, de respirație si stretching. O dietă cât mai echilibrată și sănătoasă, un program bine stabilit, mai mult timp liber, plimbări mai dese și mai mult accent pe mișcare duce la diminuarea efectelor negative ale stresului.

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