Programming the Android Platform

The Android Development Environment

Topics

Getting started on the Android Platform Installing required libraries Programming Android using the Eclipse

IDE The Android emulator Debugging Android applications Other tools

Installation

See: developer.android.com/sdk/

index.html#quickstart Software to download & install

1. Java Development Kit (JDK)2. Eclipse IDE3. Android SDK starter package4. Eclipse ADT plugin5. Add Android platform & other comps to SDK

Java

Download Java Development Kit www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/

downloads/index.html

Eclipse

Preferred IDE, but you can use others Requires version 3.5 or higher

Eclipse Classic recommended http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

Android SDK starter package

Core tools needed to get started developer.android.com/sdk/

Unpack files to a directory of your choice By default: android-sdk-<machine-

platform> Add this directory to your path to use

Android tools from the command line

Eclipse ADT plugin

Download the ADT plugin Use the Help -> Install New Software

function URL for Eclipse 3.5+▪ https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/

In the Available Software dialog, select the checkbox next to Developer Tools and click Next

Configure plugin Open preferences, click on “Android” and

set the SDK location

Add Components to SDK

Launch the Android SDK and AVD Manager

Select at least the latest platform (2.3)

Create an Android Virtual Device An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a

configuration of emulator options An AVD includes:

A hardware profile A platform Other options▪ e.g., emulator skin, screen dimensions, SD card size

A storage area Create using Android SDK and AVD

Manager tool

HelloAndroid

Start Eclipse Create a new Android Project

Hello Android

Project name: HelloAndroid Application name: Hello, Android Package name: course.examples Create activity: HelloAndroid Min SDK: 9

Hello Android (cont.)

package course.examples;

import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.TextView;

public class HelloAndroid extends Activity {public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); TextView tv = new TextView(this); tv.setText("Hello, Android"); setContentView(tv); }}

The Android Emulator

Applications can run in an emulator Advantages

Fast turnaround Doesn’t require an actual phone Uses faster CPU on emulation computer

Disadvantages Some features unavailable▪ e.g., no support for bluetooth or USB connections

Performance & user experience can be misleading

The Android Emulator

Emulates telephone calls & SMS messages% telnet localhost 5554 > sms send 5554 “This is a text message”

Will emulate typical speeds & latencies for different networks (e.g., edge, gprs, etc.)% telnet localhost 5554 > set speed gprs

Can interconnect multiple emulators% emulator -avd Android_2.2_primary% emulator -avd Android_2.2_secondary In one dialer app, dial port num of other emulator

The Android Emulator

Many more options See:

developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html

Debugger

Execution Tracing

Execution Tracing

Can also add trace code into your application

// start tracing to "/sdcard/calc.trace"    Debug.startMethodTracing("calc");        …// stop tracing    Debug.stopMethodTracing();

Will need to set permissions (discussed later)

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

/>

TraceView

To view results after execution

% adb pull /sdcard/calc.trace /tmp% traceview /tmp/calc

TraceView

Logcat

Log viewer Android logs many events by default Can use android.util.Log &

android.os.Debug class for application-specific logging

View log entries with % adb logcat

Or inside Eclipse Window -> Show View -> Other -> Android

-> LogCat

Hierarchy Viewer

Visual representation of application UI

% hierarchyviewer

Layout inspector

Pixel Perfect View

Monkey & monkeyrunner

Sends psuedorandom events to applications

Can also script events with monkeyrunner API

// send event to browswer% adb shell monkey -p com.android.browser -v 500

// send events to all applications% adb shell monkey 500

Android Unit Testing

Android-specific extensions to Junit MoreAsserts

Additional result checking classes ViewAsserts

Asserts about view layout TouchUtils

Classes for generating touch events Instrumentation

For monitoring application interaction with system

Android Unit Testing (cont.)

Steps for testing Activity Create an Android test project Create one or more Android test classes▪ Add code to each Test class

Test code usually includes test methods for App initialization UI behavior & class functionality Application lifecycle state management

Android Unit Testing (cont.) AndroidTestCase

Test case with access to Activity Context ActivityUnitTestCase▪ isolated testing of a single activity

InstrumentationTestCase Test case with access to system instrumentation &

events ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2▪ functional testing of a single activity

Many other test case types developer.android.com/guide/topics/testing/

testing_android.html

Android Unit Testing (cont.)

Junit Test flow setup()

Put application in known state run()

Create additional data Execute method under test Check result with Assert

tearDown() Return to known state

Android Unit Testing (cont.)

developer.android.com/resources/tutorials/testing/activity_test.html

Running on a Device

Key steps Declare your application as

"debuggable" in your Android Manifest Turn on "USB Debugging" on your device Setup your system to detect your device

See: developer.android.com/guide/

developing/device.html

Lab Assignment