i

THETHETHETHEANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSIS OFOFOFOF THEMETHEMETHEMETHEME ININININ THETHETHETHE BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDOFOFOFOF

THETHETHETHE RESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHOFOFOFOF SKRIPSISKRIPSISKRIPSISKRIPSIWRITTENWRITTENWRITTENWRITTEN BYBYBYBY

ENGLISHENGLISHENGLISHENGLISH EDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATION DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENT STUDENTSSTUDENTSSTUDENTSSTUDENTS OFOFOFOFMURIAMURIAMURIAMURIA KUDUSKUDUSKUDUSKUDUS UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

By:By:By:By:NNNNORORORORKHALIMKHALIMKHALIMKHALIM2009-32-0762009-32-0762009-32-0762009-32-076

ENGLISHENGLISHENGLISHENGLISH EDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATION DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTTEACHERTEACHERTEACHERTEACHER TRAININGTRAININGTRAININGTRAINING ANDANDANDAND EDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATION FACULTYFACULTYFACULTYFACULTY

MURIAMURIAMURIAMURIA KUDUSKUDUSKUDUSKUDUS UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

ii

2012012012013333

iii

THETHETHETHEANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSIS OFOFOFOF THEMETHEMETHEMETHEME ININININ THETHETHETHE BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDOFOFOFOF

THETHETHETHE RESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHOFOFOFOF SKRIPSISKRIPSISKRIPSISKRIPSIWRITTENWRITTENWRITTENWRITTEN BYBYBYBY

ENGLISHENGLISHENGLISHENGLISH EDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATION DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENT STUDENTSSTUDENTSSTUDENTSSTUDENTS OFOFOFOFMURIAMURIAMURIAMURIA KUDUSKUDUSKUDUSKUDUS UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

SKRIPSISKRIPSISKRIPSISKRIPSI

PresentedPresentedPresentedPresented totototo thethethethe UniversityUniversityUniversityUniversity ofofofof MuriaMuriaMuriaMuria KudusKudusKudusKudusinininin PartialPartialPartialPartial FulfillmentFulfillmentFulfillmentFulfillment ofofofof thethethethe RequirementsRequirementsRequirementsRequirements forforforfor CompletingCompletingCompletingCompleting SarjanaSarjanaSarjanaSarjana ProgramProgramProgramProgram

inininin EnglishEnglishEnglishEnglish EducationEducationEducationEducation

iv

By:By:By:By:NNNNORORORORKHALIMKHALIMKHALIMKHALIM2009-32-0762009-32-0762009-32-0762009-32-076

DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTOFOFOFOF ENGLISHENGLISHENGLISHENGLISH EDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATIONFACULTYFACULTYFACULTYFACULTYOFOFOFOF TEACHERTEACHERTEACHERTEACHER TRAININGTRAININGTRAININGTRAINING ANDANDANDAND EDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATIONEDUCATION

UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OFOFOFOFMURIAMURIAMURIAMURIA KUDUSKUDUSKUDUSKUDUS2012012012013333

MOTTOMOTTOMOTTOMOTTOANDANDANDAND DEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATION

MOTTO:MOTTO:MOTTO:MOTTO:

� Good things bring you into good places

� Even if everything getting worse, the only way is do the right thing

� The main purpose of live is to live rightly, think rightly, and act rightly

(Mahatma Gandhi)

� Man Jadda Wa Jaddaa

� Knowledge is love, light and vision (Helen Keller)

DEDICATION:DEDICATION:DEDICATION:DEDICATION:

v

� This Skripsi is dedicated to my beloved mother and

father (Karsih & Jono), thanks for letting me

experience the kind of love that people freely die for.

� My Lovely Brothers (Makhrus & Hanif), thanks for

always being on my side and brightening my days.

� Mrs. Fitri Budi Suryani, SS.,M.Pd & Mrs. Atik

Rokhayani, S.Pd., M.Pd, who helped me a lot in

understanding Theme- Rheme

ADVISORSADVISORSADVISORSADVISORS’’’’ APPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVAL

This is to certify that the skripsi of Nor Khalim has been approved by the advisors

for further approval by the examining committee.

Kudus, 04 July 2013

Advisor I

AtikAtikAtikAtik Rokhayani,Rokhayani,Rokhayani,Rokhayani, S.Pd,S.Pd,S.Pd,S.Pd, M.PdM.PdM.PdM.Pd

NIS.NIS.NIS.NIS. 0610701000001207061070100000120706107010000012070610701000001207

Advisor II

vi

FitriFitriFitriFitri BudiBudiBudiBudi Suryani,Suryani,Suryani,Suryani, SS,SS,SS,SS, M.PdM.PdM.PdM.Pd

NIS.0610701000001155NIS.0610701000001155NIS.0610701000001155NIS.0610701000001155

Acknowledged by

The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Dean,

Dr.Dr.Dr.Dr. Drs.Drs.Drs.Drs. SlametSlametSlametSlamet Utomo,Utomo,Utomo,Utomo, M.Pd.M.Pd.M.Pd.M.Pd.

NIP.NIP.NIP.NIP. 19621219198703196212191987031962121919870319621219198703 1111 001001001001

EXAMINERSEXAMINERSEXAMINERSEXAMINERS’’’’ APPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVAL

This is to certify that the Skripsi of Nor Khalim (2009-32-076) has been approved

by the Examining Committee as a requirement for Sarjana Degree of English

Education.

Kudus, July 8th 2013

Skripsi Examining Committee:

Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd ChairpersonNIS. 0610701000001207

Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M.Pd MemberNIS.0610701000001155

vii

Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd. MemberNIP. 196212191987031001

Nuraeningsih, S.Pd., M.Pd MemberNIS. 0610701000001201

Acknowledged byThe Faculty of Teacher Training and EducationDean,

Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd.NIP. 196212191987031001

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah thanks to Allah SWT the Almighty who blesses the writer

with composure, toughness, and pure mind while accomplishing the skripsi

entitled “The Analysis of Theme in the Background of the Research of Skripsi

Written by English Education Department Students of Muria Kudus University”.

This skripsi is not merely the writer own work but has also been greatly

improved by the willing cooperation and assistance of a number of people in the

process of completion. Therefore, the writer would like to express her deep

gratitude to:

viii

1. Allah SWT the Almighty, the Most Merciful, the Most Gracious, the

Everlasting Energy Source, And Eternal Hope.

2. The writer beloved parents and brothers, for their loves and supports in

finishing this skripsi.

3. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and Education

Faculty of Muria Kudus University.

4. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department of

Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.

5. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd, as the first advisor who guides the writer and

supports her in finishing this research with a great patience.

6. Fitri Budi Suryani, SS., M.Pd, as the second advisor who gives his

contributive criticisms and assistances during completing this research.

7. The lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and

Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.

8. The writer dearest friends I’malia, Karlina, Novi, Tiwi, Ani and her super

friends Santi, Lisa, Ayu, Ganish, Eni, Shofi, Indah and many others,

thanks for your patience, love, friendship, humor and willingness to eat out.

The writer is convinced that there are mistakes made elsewhere. Therefore,

she apologizes for any mistakes and opens for any constructive criticisms and

ix

suggestions. Furthermore, the writer hopes that it will be useful especially for

those in the field of English teaching and learning.

Kudus, 04 July 2013

Nor Khalim

ABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACT

Khalim, Nor. 2013. The Analysis of Theme in the Background of the Research ofSkripsi Written by English Education Department Students of MuriaKudus University. Skripsi. English Education Department, TeacherTraining and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors:(1) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd., (2) Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S, M.Pd.

Key words: Theme, background of the research, skripsi

Background of the research is a crucial part in writing skripsi; it becomesthe foundation of the research, exposes the reason of the researcher do theresearch, and introduces the reader’s point of view about what will be reported inthe research. Since this part is extremely important, students are supposed tocompose it appropriately. It, at least, fulfill the characteristics of a good text; they

x

are coherence and cohesion. Coherence plays a crucial role in making paragraphread well, where the parts of paragraphs are unified, they are about the same mainidea and they flow from one part into another without distracting the organizationof the information in paragraphs. In order to follow the flow of information inparagraph, we can analyze Theme choices in it. Theme is defined as the point ofdeparture for what the speaker is going to say.

The objectives of this research are to find out the types of Theme and themost dominant Theme in the background of the research of skripsi written byEnglish Education Department students of Muria Kudus University whograduated in April 2012.

In matter obtaining the objectives of the research, the writer used contentanalysis qualitative design; whereas the data of the research is Theme and the datasource is background of the research of skripsi written by English EducationDepartment students of Muria Kudus University who graduated in April 2012.The writer limits this research by only analyzing four backgrounds of the researchof skripsi.

After analyzing the data, the writer found that two out of four studentsused three types of Themes suggested by Eggins (topical, textual andinterpersonal), while the rest only used topical and textual Theme. The mostdominant Theme used by students in writing background of the research is topicalTheme; it is mostly used to introduce new ideas and maintain the progression ofinformation.

Therefore, the writer suggests that students should enrich theirknowledge about Theme; it will benefit them in drafting and revising theircompositions. Lecturer is also highly recommended to introduce Theme tostudents; it will be useful to guide students become aware of how informationdevelops in text.

ABSTRAKABSTRAKABSTRAKABSTRAK

Khalim, Nor. 2013. Analisis Theme dalam Latar Belakang Masalah Skripsi yangditulis oleh Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas MuriaKudus. Skripsi . Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan IlmuPendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (1) AtikRokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd., (2) Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S, M.Pd.

Kata- kata kunci: Theme, latar belakang masalah, skripsi

Latar belakang masalah dalam penelitian merupakan bagian yang sangatpenting dalam penulisan skripsi; hal tersebut menjadi sebuah fondasi dari sebuahpenelitian, alasan mengapa peneliti melakukan penelitian dan memperkenalkankepada pembaca mengenai apa yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian. Karenabagian ini sangat penting, maka mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menyusunya

xi

dengan baik; setidaknya mereka mampu menyusun latar belakang yang memenuhikriteria teks yang baik; yakni teks yang koheren dan kohesif. Koheren berperanpenting dalam membuat sebuah paragraf mudah dipahami, dimana bagian-bagianya menyatu, memiliki ide pokok yang sama dan mengalir dari satu bagiankebagian lainya tanpa mengganggu susunan informasi dalam paragraf. Untukmengikuti susunan informasi dalam paragraf, kita dapat menganalisa pilihanTheme dalam paragraf tersebut. Theme diartikan sebagai poin awal yang hendakdikatakan oleh si penutur.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis Theme danTheme yang paling dominan dalam latar belakang masalah di skripsi yang ditulisoleh mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muria Kudus yang luluspada April 2012.

Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penulis menggunakan design kualitatifberupa analisis isi; dimana data dari penelitian ini adalah Theme, sementara datasource berupa latar belakang masalah dalam skripsi yang ditulis oleh mahasiswaPendidikan Bahasa Inggris yang lulus pada April 2012. Peneliti membatasipenelitian ini dengan hanya meneliti empat latar belakang skripsi.

Setelah menganalisa data, penulis menemukan bahwa dua dari empatskripsi menggunakan ketiga jenis Theme yang dikemukakan oleh Eggins (topical,textual, interpersonal), sementara sisanya hanya menggunakan Theme topical dantextual. Theme yang paling dominan dalam latar belakang masalah adalah jenisTopical; Theme ini seringkali digunakan untuk memperkenalkan topik baru danmenjaga progress susunan informasi.

Demikian, penulis menyarankan kepada mahasiswa untuk mempelajaritentang Theme lebih dalam, hal ini akan bermanaat pada waktu mereka membuatdraft dan merevisi tulisan mereka. Dosen juga disarankan untuk memperkenalkanTheme kepada siswanya, hal ini bermanfaat untuk membantu siswa dalammengembangkan informasi dalam teks yang mereka buat.

TABLETABLETABLETABLEOFOFOFOF CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS

PagePagePagePage

COVERCOVERCOVERCOVER …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iiiiLOGOLOGOLOGOLOGO …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... iiiiiiiiTITLETITLETITLETITLE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iiiiiiiiiiiiMOTTOMOTTOMOTTOMOTTOANDANDANDAND DEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............ ivivivivADVISORSADVISORSADVISORSADVISORS’’’’ APPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... vvvvEXAMINERSEXAMINERSEXAMINERSEXAMINERS’’’’ APPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVALAPPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ viviviviACKNOWLEDGMENTACKNOWLEDGMENTACKNOWLEDGMENTACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... viiviiviiviiABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... ixixixixABTRAKSIABTRAKSIABTRAKSIABTRAKSI ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ xxxx

xii

TABLETABLETABLETABLEOFOFOFOF CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… xiixiixiixiiLISTLISTLISTLIST OFOFOFOF TABLESTABLESTABLESTABLES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ xvxvxvxv

CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER IIII INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1111

1.1. B

ackground of the Research …………………………………… 1

1.2. S

tatements of the Problem ………………………………….…….. 7

1.3. O

bjective of the Research ……………………………………… 7

1.4. Signifi

cance of the Research ……………………………………… 8

1.5. Scope

of the Research …………………………………………. 8

1.6. Operat

ional Definition …………………………………………… 9

CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER IIIIIIII REVIEWREVIEWREVIEWREVIEWOFOFOFOF RELATEDRELATEDRELATEDRELATED LITERATURELITERATURELITERATURELITERATURE................................................................................................ 10101010

2.1.................................................................................................................Metafu

nction.................................................................................................. 10

2.2.................................................................................................................Rank

Scale.................................................................................................... 12

2.3.................................................................................................................Clause

........................................................................................................ 13

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2.4.................................................................................................................The

System of Theme and Rheme............................................................. 14

2.4.1 Theme............................................................................................. 15

2.4.2 Theme Types.................................................................................. 16

2.4.2.1 Ideational or Topical Theme..................................................... 17

2.4.2.1.1 Marked and Unmarked Theme.......................................... 19

2.4.2.2 Textual Theme.......................................................................... 23

2.4.2.3 Interpersonal Theme................................................................. 24

2.4.3 Multiple Themes.......................................................................... 26

2.4.4 Theme and Mood......................................................................... 29

2.4.5.......................................................................................................Predic

ated Theme.................................................................................. 35

2.4.6.......................................................................................................Other

Characteristic of Themes............................................................. 36

2.5 Rheme.................................................................................................... 38

2.5.................................................................................................................Skripsi

...........................................................................................................39

2.6.................................................................................................................Backgr

ound of the Research of Skripsi............................................................ 39

2.7.................................................................................................................Previo

us Study................................................................................................. 40

CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER IIIIIIIIIIII METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY OFOFOFOF THETHETHETHERESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCH.................................................................................... 41414141

xiv

3.1.................................................................................................................Design

of the Research...................................................................................... 41

3.2.................................................................................................................Data

and Data Source.................................................................................... 42

3.3.................................................................................................................Data

Collection.............................................................................................. 43

3.4.................................................................................................................Data

Analysis................................................................................................. 44

CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER IVIVIVIV FINDINGSFINDINGSFINDINGSFINDINGS OFOFOFOF RESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCH.................................................................................................................................................................................... 48484848

4.1.................................................................................................................Data

Findings................................................................................................. 48

4.1.1........................................................................................................... The Types of Theme in the Background of the Research of SkripsiWritten by English Education Department Student......................... 49

4.1.1.1......................................................................................................... The Types of Theme in the Background of the Research of SkripsiWritten by Student A...................................................................... 50

4.1.1.2......................................................................................................... The Types of Theme in the Background of the Research of SkripsiWritten by Student B...................................................................... 53

4.1.1.3......................................................................................................... The Types of Theme in the Background of the Research of SkripsiWritten by Student C...................................................................... 57

4.1.1.4......................................................................................................... The Types of Theme in the Background of the Research of SkripsiWritten by Student D...................................................................... 62

4.1.2..............................................................................................................The Percentages of Theme in the Background of the Research ofSkrips Written by English Education Department Student.............. 67

xv

4.1.2.1......................................................................................................... The Percentages of Theme in the Background of the Research ofSkrips Written by Student A........................................................... 67

4.1.2.2......................................................................................................... The Percentages of Theme in the Background of the Research ofSkrips Written by Student B........................................................... 69

4.1.2.3......................................................................................................... The Percentages of Theme in the Background of the Research ofSkrips Written by Student C........................................................... 71

4.1.2.4......................................................................................................... The Percentages of Theme in the Background of the Research ofSkrips Written by Student D........................................................... 73

CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER VVVV DISCUSSIONDISCUSSIONDISCUSSIONDISCUSSION 77777777

5.1.................................................................................................................Themes in the Background of the Research of Skripsi Written byEnglish Education Department Students.............................................. 77

5.2.................................................................................................................I

deational or Topical Theme.................................................................. 77

5.2.1 Ideational or Topical Theme Used in the Background of theResearch of Skripsi Written by Student A.................................. 78

5.2.2 Ideational or Topical Theme Used in the Background of theResearch of Skripsi Written by Student B................................... 82

5.2.3 Ideational or Topical Theme Used in the Background of theResearch of Skripsi Written by Student C................................... 87

5.2.4 Ideational or Topical Theme Used in the Background of theResearch of Skripsi Written by Student D.................................. 91

5.3.................................................................................................................T

extual Theme......................................................................................... 97

5.3.1 Textual Theme Used by Student A.............................................. 98

xvi

5.3.2 Textual Theme Used by Student B.............................................. 100

5.3.3 Textual Theme Used by Student C.............................................. 101

5.3.4 Textual Theme Used by Student D.............................................. 103

5.4.................................................................................................................I

nterpersonal Theme............................................................................... 104

5.5.................................................................................................................F

requencies of Theme Used in the Background of the Research........... 106

CHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTERCHAPTER VIVIVIVI CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS ANDANDANDAND SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS.................................................................................................... 108108108108

6.1 Conclusions............................................................................................ 108

6.2 Suggestions............................................................................................ 109

REFFERENCESREFFERENCESREFFERENCESREFFERENCES............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 110110110110APPENDICESAPPENDICESAPPENDICESAPPENDICES........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 114114114114CURRICULUMCURRICULUMCURRICULUMCURRICULUMVITAEVITAEVITAEVITAE........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 124124124124STATEMENTSTATEMENTSTATEMENTSTATEMENT SHEETSHEETSHEETSHEET.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 125125125125

xvii

LISTLISTLISTLIST OFOFOFOF TABLESTABLESTABLESTABLES

TableTableTableTable PagePagePagePage

2.1........................................................................................................................T

he Example of Active Sentence Employing Liz as Theme......................16

2.2........................................................................................................................T

he Example of Passive Verb Phrase Employing Emily as Theme...........16

2.3........................................................................................................................T

he Conflates of Theme on the Mood Structure........................................ 20

2.4........................................................................................................................T

he First Example of Multiple Theme....................................................... 27

2.5........................................................................................................................T

he Second Examples of Multiple Theme................................................. 27

2.6........................................................................................................................C

omponent of Theme................................................................................ 28

2.7........................................................................................................................T

ypical Theme in the Choice of Mood.......................................................34

2.8........................................................................................................................C

onjunction.................................................................................................37

2.10. Relatives.................................................................................................37

3.1. The Example of Data Analysis................................................................ 45

4.1. The Analysis of Background of the Research Written by Student A...... 50

xviii

4.5. The Analysis of Background of the Research Written by Student B.......54

4.9. The Analysis of Background of the Research Written by Student C.......58

4.14. The Analysis of Background of the Research Written by Student D.... 62

4.19. The Percentages of Themes................................................................... 76