THE AMPATUAN, THE AMPATUAN, MAGUINDANAO MAGUINDANAO

MASSACREMASSACRE

A psychoanalytic-sociological A psychoanalytic-sociological study of why people do study of why people do

heinous crime.heinous crime.

Background of the studyBackground of the study

Sociology of jurisprudenceSociology of jurisprudence Forensic psychologyForensic psychology Criminal mindsCriminal minds Deviant behaviorDeviant behavior

Psychoanalytic-sociological studyPsychoanalytic-sociological study

Is a new and emerging form of analysis Is a new and emerging form of analysis which take into account the psychoanalytic which take into account the psychoanalytic theories of Freud,Fromm,Horney,Jung and theories of Freud,Fromm,Horney,Jung and Reik concerning the personality of persons Reik concerning the personality of persons doing such acts and looking to a wider venue doing such acts and looking to a wider venue which is society (social conditions, which is society (social conditions, institutions and social forces in operation) as institutions and social forces in operation) as a great contributing factor for such behavior.a great contributing factor for such behavior.

So this can be classified as nature-nurture So this can be classified as nature-nurture integration and subjective-objective integration and subjective-objective integration.integration.

Crimino-forensic sociologyCrimino-forensic sociology

Is a specialized field within sociology Is a specialized field within sociology which focus on the behavioral aspect which focus on the behavioral aspect of people doing things a normal of people doing things a normal person would not imagine doing. It person would not imagine doing. It rest with the premise that the social rest with the premise that the social conditions of these men dramatically conditions of these men dramatically weakened the moral inhibitions that weakened the moral inhibitions that would have otherwise prevented would have otherwise prevented their doing the unthinkable.their doing the unthinkable.

Theoretical paradigmsTheoretical paradigms

Erich Fromm theory of the escape Erich Fromm theory of the escape from freedom.from freedom.

Karen Horney’s theory of Karen Horney’s theory of intrapsychic conflict.intrapsychic conflict.

Herbert Kelman And Lee Hamilton’ Herbert Kelman And Lee Hamilton’ sanctioned massacres three sanctioned massacres three distinctive processes. Taken from distinctive processes. Taken from Kurt Lewin's theory of group Kurt Lewin's theory of group dynamics.dynamics.

The storyThe story

57 killed-including a politician about to file her and 57 killed-including a politician about to file her and her brother’s certificates of candidacy (COCs), as her brother’s certificates of candidacy (COCs), as well as journalists covering the event – were well as journalists covering the event – were confirmed killed when heavily armed men waylaid confirmed killed when heavily armed men waylaid the group on its way to the local Commission on the group on its way to the local Commission on Elections (Comelec) office in Maguindanao.Elections (Comelec) office in Maguindanao.

Supporters of Buluan Vice Mayor Toto Mangudadatu Supporters of Buluan Vice Mayor Toto Mangudadatu and Mangudadatu Vice Mayor Eden Mangudadatu and Mangudadatu Vice Mayor Eden Mangudadatu and their companions were on their way to the and their companions were on their way to the Comelec office to file COCs at around 10:30 a.m. Comelec office to file COCs at around 10:30 a.m. when they were blocked at a checkpoint manned when they were blocked at a checkpoint manned by some 100 Maguindanao police personnel and by some 100 Maguindanao police personnel and armed civilian volunteers allegedly led by Datu armed civilian volunteers allegedly led by Datu Unsay town mayor Datu Andal Ampatuan Jr.Unsay town mayor Datu Andal Ampatuan Jr.

The story 2The story 2 Between 9:00-10:00 amBetween 9:00-10:00 am According to a police report, the 8-vehicle convoy of According to a police report, the 8-vehicle convoy of

Mangudadatus party reaches Barangay Salman portion of the Mangudadatus party reaches Barangay Salman portion of the highway leading to Shariff Aguak. They are flagged down at a highway leading to Shariff Aguak. They are flagged down at a check point conducted by members of the Maguindanao police check point conducted by members of the Maguindanao police and Civilian Volunteer Organizations (CVO) along the highway. and Civilian Volunteer Organizations (CVO) along the highway.

Thereafter, the abduction occurs. From the checkpoint led by Thereafter, the abduction occurs. From the checkpoint led by Police Inspector Saudi Mukamad of the 1507th RMG, the convoy is Police Inspector Saudi Mukamad of the 1507th RMG, the convoy is brought to a hilly portion about 2.5 kilometers away from the brought to a hilly portion about 2.5 kilometers away from the national highway. national highway.

Toto Mangudadatu receives a phone from his wife saying an Toto Mangudadatu receives a phone from his wife saying an armed group, supposedly of the Ampatuan clan, flagged down armed group, supposedly of the Ampatuan clan, flagged down their convoy on their way to Shariff Aguak town. Her parting words their convoy on their way to Shariff Aguak town. Her parting words over the phone are about the armed men slapping them around over the phone are about the armed men slapping them around and commanding them to swallow the certificate of candidacy and commanding them to swallow the certificate of candidacy forms they brought. forms they brought.

The settingThe setting The upcoming gubernatorial race in Maguindanao is The upcoming gubernatorial race in Maguindanao is

“expected to experience a highly political contest as 2 “expected to experience a highly political contest as 2 prominent clans, the Ampatuans and the Mangudadatus, prominent clans, the Ampatuans and the Mangudadatus, are contesting for governorship in the province.”are contesting for governorship in the province.”

This was said by Philippine National Police Director Andres This was said by Philippine National Police Director Andres Caro during his report in front of members of international Caro during his report in front of members of international media, Monday. He is the director of Police Regional Office media, Monday. He is the director of Police Regional Office (PRO) 12, the office in charge of investigating the (PRO) 12, the office in charge of investigating the Ampatuan massacre.Ampatuan massacre.

But the recent massacre, dubbed as the most gruesome But the recent massacre, dubbed as the most gruesome election-related violence in the country and worst single-election-related violence in the country and worst single-attack against members of the media, is not the first time attack against members of the media, is not the first time Maguindanao Governor Andal Ampatuan Sr. sowed terror in Maguindanao Governor Andal Ampatuan Sr. sowed terror in the province. He has been attributed to acts of violence in the province. He has been attributed to acts of violence in Maguindanao, especially to those who tried to contest his Maguindanao, especially to those who tried to contest his power in the region. power in the region.

The behaviorThe behavior

Mass execution/sanctioned massacre Mass execution/sanctioned massacre (Kelman and Hamilton,1989)- acts of (Kelman and Hamilton,1989)- acts of indiscriminate, ruthless, and often indiscriminate, ruthless, and often systematic mass violence, carried systematic mass violence, carried out by military or paramilitary out by military or paramilitary personnel while engaged in officially personnel while engaged in officially sanctioned campaigns, the victim of sanctioned campaigns, the victim of which are defenseless and which are defenseless and unresisting civilians.unresisting civilians.

The analysisThe analysis

Hannah Arendt thesis on the banality of Hannah Arendt thesis on the banality of evil points out that the great evil points out that the great evilsevils in in

historyhistory generally, and generally, and the Holocaustthe Holocaust in in particular, were not executed by particular, were not executed by

fanaticsfanatics or or sociopathssociopaths but rather by but rather by ordinary people who accepted the ordinary people who accepted the

premises of their state and therefore premises of their state and therefore participated with the view that their participated with the view that their

actions were normal.actions were normal.

In Fromm’s initial book, and likely his most In Fromm’s initial book, and likely his most influential work, was called influential work, was called Escape From Escape From

FreedomFreedom, published near the beginning of World , published near the beginning of World War II.  In it he described freedom as the greatest War II.  In it he described freedom as the greatest

problem for most individuals.  With freedom, problem for most individuals.  With freedom, according to Fromm, comes an overwhelming according to Fromm, comes an overwhelming sense of aloneness and an inability to exert sense of aloneness and an inability to exert

individual power.  He argued that we use several individual power.  He argued that we use several different techniques to alleviate the anxiety different techniques to alleviate the anxiety associated with our perception of freedom, associated with our perception of freedom,

including automaton, conformity, authoritarianism, including automaton, conformity, authoritarianism, destructiveness, and individuation.destructiveness, and individuation.

destructivenessdestructiveness, which refers to an attempt to , which refers to an attempt to destroy those we perceive as having the power or destroy those we perceive as having the power or aiming to have power.  Because of our desire for aiming to have power.  Because of our desire for power, we may feel that this finite resource must power, we may feel that this finite resource must be taken from those who possess it.  There are be taken from those who possess it.  There are many ways to attempt this destruction, including many ways to attempt this destruction, including

the alignment with hate groups, religious the alignment with hate groups, religious extremism, or even patriotism and sanctioned extremism, or even patriotism and sanctioned

massacre.  While our actions are often antisocial, massacre.  While our actions are often antisocial, cruel, and misguided, we rationalize them by cruel, and misguided, we rationalize them by

claiming a sense of duty, a god given order, or the claiming a sense of duty, a god given order, or the love of country.love of country.

  

AuthoritarianismAuthoritarianism is a technique that others is a technique that others use to ward off the anxiety.  Following an use to ward off the anxiety.  Following an entity outside of the self and perceived entity outside of the self and perceived

greater than the self is the main feature of greater than the self is the main feature of authoritarianism.  As the individual feels authoritarianism.  As the individual feels

alone and powerless, he gains strength from alone and powerless, he gains strength from the belief that there is a greater power the belief that there is a greater power beyond himself.  This entity could be a beyond himself.  This entity could be a

religious figure, a political leader, or social religious figure, a political leader, or social belief.  By giving up power to the powerful, belief.  By giving up power to the powerful, we become the powerful and no longer feel we become the powerful and no longer feel

alone.alone.

AUTHORIZATIONAUTHORIZATION

Sanctioned massacres by definition occur in the Sanctioned massacres by definition occur in the context of authority situation, a situation on which, at least context of authority situation, a situation on which, at least

for many of the participants, the moral principles that for many of the participants, the moral principles that generally govern human relationships do not apply. Thus, generally govern human relationships do not apply. Thus,

when acts of violence are explicitly ordered, implicitly when acts of violence are explicitly ordered, implicitly encouraged/ tacitly approved, or at least permitted by encouraged/ tacitly approved, or at least permitted by legitimate authorities, people readiness to commit or legitimate authorities, people readiness to commit or

condone them is enhanced. Behaviorally, authorization condone them is enhanced. Behaviorally, authorization obviates the necessity of making judgment or choices. An obviates the necessity of making judgment or choices. An important corollary of the basic structure of the authority important corollary of the basic structure of the authority

situation is that actors often do not see themselves as situation is that actors often do not see themselves as personally responsible for the consequences of their personally responsible for the consequences of their actions. In this situation, behavior that was formerly actions. In this situation, behavior that was formerly

illegitimate is legitimized by the authorities’ acquiescence.illegitimate is legitimized by the authorities’ acquiescence.

ROUTINIZATIONROUTINIZATIONAuthorization process creates a situation in which people Authorization process creates a situation in which people

become involved in an action without considering its become involved in an action without considering its implication and without really making a decision. While on implication and without really making a decision. While on the other hand routinization fulfills two distinctive functions. the other hand routinization fulfills two distinctive functions.

First it reduces the necessity of making decisions, thus First it reduces the necessity of making decisions, thus minimizing the occasions in which moral questions may minimizing the occasions in which moral questions may

arise. Second it makes it easier to avoid the implication of arise. Second it makes it easier to avoid the implication of the action since the actor focuses on the details of the job the action since the actor focuses on the details of the job rather than its meaning. Routinization operates both at the rather than its meaning. Routinization operates both at the level of the individual job performance is broken down into level of the individual job performance is broken down into

a series of discreet steps, most of them carried out a series of discreet steps, most of them carried out

automatic, regularized fashionautomatic, regularized fashion..

DEHUMANIZATIONDEHUMANIZATIONAuthorization process override Authorization process override

standard moral considerations; routinization standard moral considerations; routinization process reduce the likehood that such process reduce the likehood that such

considerations will arise. Still the inhibitions considerations will arise. Still the inhibitions against murdering one’s fellow human against murdering one’s fellow human beings are generally so strong that the beings are generally so strong that the

victims must also be stripped of their human victims must also be stripped of their human status if they are to be subject to systematic status if they are to be subject to systematic killing. Insofar as they are dehumanized, the killing. Insofar as they are dehumanized, the usual principles of morality no longer apply usual principles of morality no longer apply

to them.to them.

analysisanalysis

Criminal minds of people who are Criminal minds of people who are power hungry.power hungry.

Processes involve in normalizing Processes involve in normalizing such acts.such acts.

Issue of psychological problem.Issue of psychological problem. Where will this case proceed.Where will this case proceed.

Method of researchMethod of research Criminal profiling method-Personality profiles Criminal profiling method-Personality profiles

of criminals are based on the way in which a of criminals are based on the way in which a crime is committed, also known as the crime is committed, also known as the 'method of operations' or m.o. The m.o. 'method of operations' or m.o. The m.o. includes the identity of the victim's), what the includes the identity of the victim's), what the victims (in the case of a serial offender) have victims (in the case of a serial offender) have in common, the weapon's) used, the degree in common, the weapon's) used, the degree of hostility, the existence (or lack) of any of hostility, the existence (or lack) of any torture and/or sexual molestation, and so on. torture and/or sexual molestation, and so on. Analyzing these aspects of the crime scene, Analyzing these aspects of the crime scene, an investigator can determine the motives of an investigator can determine the motives of the perpetrator, which leads to a description the perpetrator, which leads to a description of the perpetrator's personality, or the of the perpetrator's personality, or the personality profilepersonality profile..

Hasta la proxiama vezHasta la proxiama vezmuy bien muy bien

aria sosyolohiya!!!!!aria sosyolohiya!!!!! presented by presented by EMMANUEL S. EMMANUEL S.

CALIWAN PUP-BSS CALIWAN PUP-BSS (BUILDS HIS EXPERTICE ON (BUILDS HIS EXPERTICE ON THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF JURISPRUDENCE AND JURISPRUDENCE AND BEHAVIORAL SOCIOLOGY BEHAVIORAL SOCIOLOGY TOPICS ESPECIALLY ON TOPICS ESPECIALLY ON CRIME AND DEVIANCE.) CRIME AND DEVIANCE.)