The American NationThe American Nation

Chapter 6 – Section 4Fighting for Liberty on Many Fronts

The American Revolution1775–1783

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6, Section 4

Fighting for Liberty on Many FrontsFighting for Liberty on Many Fronts

Objectives to learn:• What role did women play in the war?• What choices did African Americans

have?• How was the war fought on the frontier

and at sea?

Onlevel - Roles of women, African Americans, and Native Americans during the war

Onlevel - Roles of women, African Americans, and Native Americans during the war

Women African Americans

Native Americans

•Read and complete “Battle of Monmouth” worksheet

•Read and complete “John Paul Jones: The Battle at Sea” worksheet

Honors - Roles/Life for women, civilians, African Americans, and Native Americans during the warHonors - Roles/Life for women, civilians, African Americans, and Native Americans during the war

Women Civilians African Americans

Native Americans

•Read and complete “Battle of Monmouth” worksheet•Read “Civilians” and summarize what life was like for them.•Read and complete “John Paul Jones: The Battle at Sea” worksheet

Chapter 6, Section 4

Women Played a Role in the WarWomen Played a Role in the War

• Women took on added work at home.• Some women joined their husbands at the front

(Martha Washington). • Betsy Ross sewed flags for Washington’s army.

Legend claims she made the first American flag of stars and stripes.

• A few women took part in battle, for example, Mary Ludwig Hays, known as Molly Pitcher, carried water to her husband and other soldiers at the Battle of Monmouth of 1778.

• Results: New attitudes to liberty and freedom for women

The Story of Betsy RossThe Story of Betsy Ross

The Story of Molly Pitcher – Battle of MonmouthThe Story of Molly Pitcher – Battle of Monmouth

Discussion questions for Battle of Monmouth

Life for CiviliansLife for Civilians

Chapter 6, Section 4

African Americans Faced Hard ChoicesAfrican Americans Faced Hard Choices

• Some African Americans served in the United States Army. (At first were not allowed to serve, but Washington changed this.)

• Some served in the newly formed United States Navy.

• Some were minutemen.• Some were spies (James Armistead and

Saul Matthews). • Some enslaved African Americans looked

for freedom by following British troops.• Hope of Revolution ending slavery – in the

1770s and in the Revolution, there is a decline

The Conway CabalThe Conway Cabal

• What was it? – An aleged plot to remove George Washington as Commander-in-Chief in 1777.

• Who was suppose to replace Washington? – General Horatio Gates or Charles Lee

• Why? – Washington had lost most of his battles; where Gates won Saratoga

• Other facts:1. A lot of criticism by Thomas Conway2. Critics of Washington: Benjamin Rush, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Thomas Mifflin3. Movement was uncovered by General James Wilkinson revealing details of a letter to Gate from Conway that was critical of Washington.4. Issue was discussed on the Continental Congress, but Washington emerged stronger than ever

Critics of WashingtonCritics of Washington

Chapter 6, Section 4

The War in the West and at SeaThe War in the West and at Sea

Northern Frontier • Mohawk Indians and Loyalists raided settlements in Pennsylvania and New York in 1778.

• Patriots struck back by destroying Iroquois villages.

Middle Frontier • George Rogers Clark led Virginians against the British in the Ohio Valley in 1778.

• The British surrendered Vincennes in Feb. 1779.

Southern Frontier • The governor of Spanish (Bernardo de Galvez) Louisiana supplied the Patriots.

• Later, he seized British forts along the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico. He drove the British out of West Florida.

At Sea • Captain John Paul Jones captured the British warship Serapis.

History Channel - American RevolutionHistory Channel - American Revolution

DVD – 2 – World at WarWatch the accounts of the following battle

areas and answer questions:• Monmouth • War on Frontier

DVD 3 – England’s Last Chance• The Privateers

War on the FrontierWar on the Frontier

Fighting on Indian Lands on the Western Frontier

Fighting on Indian Lands on the Western Frontier

War at Sea with John Paul JonesWar at Sea with John Paul Jones

Early American NavyEarly American Navy

Early American NavyEarly American Navy

Fighting at Sea with John Paul JonesFighting at Sea with John Paul Jones

Chapter 6, Section 4

The War in the WestThe War in the West

Chapter 6, Section 4

Section 4 AssessmentSection 4 Assessment

Which statement is true of the Patriot army?a) All African Americans could join.b) African Americans could not join at all.c) Free African Americans could join.d) Free African Americans could join, but they could serve only as spies.

Which statement is true of the war in the West?a) Native Americans fought for both sides in the war.b) Native Americans were chased into the hills and stayed until after the

war.c) Native Americans sided only with the British.d) Native Americans sided only with the Americans.

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Chapter 6, Section 4

Section 4 AssessmentSection 4 Assessment

Which statement is true of the Patriot army?a) All African Americans could join.b) African Americans could not join at all.c) Free African Americans could join.d) Free African Americans could join, but they could serve only as spies.

Which statement is true of the war in the West?a) Native Americans fought for both sides in the war.b) Native Americans were chased into the hills and stayed until after the

war.c) Native Americans sided only with the British.d) Native Americans sided only with the Americans.

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HomeworkHomework

• Read Revolutionary Battles • Complete multiple choice questions that

go along with it