The American Civil WarBrother against brother; a war that claimed more American lives than any other

The North v. The South Similarities

Fought together in the American Revolution

Common vocabulary, economic system, and government documents

Racial superiority Relied on each other

South grew cotton/North manufactured the clothing

Troubled by slavery Most viewed slavery as a

necessary evil

Differences Slavery viewed as

unnecessary in the North The South grew rice, corn,

and cotton Labor intensive crops Necessary to have many

workers Slavery viewed as necessary

for the survival of the South 50% of Southern

population was slaves

The War Begins Fort Sumter

In response, Lincoln calls for 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion

Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas join the confederacy

National Flag of the Confederacy

Random fact Why are there 13 stars on the Confederate

flag? The Confederacy claimed that two other

Southern states were part of the Confederacy, even though they never seceded

Which two? Kentucky and Missouri

Planning for War Richmond, Virginia: Capital of the

Confederacy—most populous (populated) state in the South

Border states: Slave states that remained in the Union West Virginia separated from Virginia in 1863

and rejoined the Union

The Battle Plans South: Defense—as the heavy underdog, they

believed that European dependence on cotton would bring Europe into the war on the side of the South

North: The Anaconda Plan (3 parts) Naval Blockade: Block the South from shipping

goods or people Control the Mississippi river: Split the South in two Capture Richmond, Virginia—the capital of the

Confederacy

Success of Plans South: Europe had plenty of

cotton and never came to their aid The First Battle of Bull Run

Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson pushed the Union back

Caused the Union to panic The Union quickly changed

their approach of the war to “preserve the Union” rather than “eliminate slavery”

North: Lousy generals failed to take advantage of the weaker South “If McClellan does not use

the Army, I would like to borrow it.” -- Lincoln

Failed Generals: George McClellan Henry Halleck John Fremont Joseph Hooker Etc…

Lessons from Bull Run The war would be

bloody There wouldn’t be a

quick end to the war The Confederate

soldiers, though less in number, were stronger and more determined than Union soldiers A war fought in homes and backyards

Close to home “As we stood in the door, four or five shells

sailed over our heads at the same time… I had heard Jimmy laugh about the singular sensation produced by the rifled balls spinning around one’s head, and here I heard the same peculiar sound, ran the same risk, and was equal to the rest of the boys, for was I not in the midst of flying shells, in the middle of a bombardment?”

Confederate Soldiers Answer the following question in your notes:

Why might Confederate soldiers be more determined than Union soldiers?

Most Southerners were passionate about keeping slavery while many Northerners had nothing against slavery—the South was fighting for something that meant a lot to them

Two Fronts Western Front: Fought mostly in Tennessee

and Mississippi along the Mississippi River. Eastern Front: Fought mostly in Virginia, near

the Mason-Dixon line.

The Western Front General Ulysses S. Grant

(Union) Strategy: “Find out where

your enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike at him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.”

Conquered major forts in Tennessee

The Battle of Shiloh Though victorious, Grant

was made to look like a fool and nearly lost control of the army

The Eastern Front General Robert E. Lee (Confederate)

Left the Union at the beginning of the War Goes on the offensive (attack)

Seven Days’ Battles Keep the Union from taking Richmond, Virginia After seven days, the Union army was forced to retreat

Invasion of the North It might force Lincoln into peace talks It would give Virginians rest from the war It would allow Southerners to plunder much needed food It would demonstrate to Europe that the Confederacy could

survive without the Union

The Battle of Antietam Lee’s battle plans discovered The Union attacks The Battle of Antietam

The bloodiest day in American history 23,000 Americans died in 1 day

Confederates retreat McClellan fails to follow

Allows Confederate army to rebuild itself

Lincoln fires McClellan

The Battle of Antietam “Again and again… by the charges and

counter-charges, this portion of the field was lost and recovered, until the green corn that grew upon it looked as if it had been struck by a storm of bloody hail…. From sheer exhaustion, both sides, like battered and bleeding athletes, seemed willing to rest.”

The Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam

1863: The Year Everything Changed Throughout the war, abolitionists urged the

government to ban slavery in the Union The government refused

Their goal was to reunite the Union, and if they banned slavery, then the South would never return

The Emancipation Proclamation: In 1863, Lincoln declared that all slaves in Confederate held territory (the South) were free The primary goal of the war shifted to ending

slavery/liberation of a people

The Emancipation Proclamation “On the first day of January, in the year of our

Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

The Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation

Response to the Proclamation Critics: “Monstrous, impudent, and heinous…

insulting to God as to man” Supporters: Emancipation was “to destroy

everything that…gives the rebels strength” African Americans: “We shout for joy that we

live to record this righteous decree” Though few slaves were freed, free African

Americans joined the fight on the side of the Union

General Lee Makes a Mistake In 1863, Lee made one of his only mistakes

during the war: he invaded the North… again The Battle of Gettysburg became the turning

point of the war Raged for three days Union forces tried to hold their ground Pickett’s Charge: General George Pickett

attacked the middle of the Union line

The Battle of Gettysburg Pickett’s charge rushed 15,000 Confederate soldiers

toward the middle of the Union defense “bayonet thrusts, sabre strokes, pistol shots…men going

down on their hands and knees, spinning round like tops…ghastly heaps of dead men.”

Forced to retreat 1/4 of the Union army was killed while 1/3 of the

Confederate army was killed (51,000 Americans) Union generals once again failed to follow and destroy

the South’s army, and though the war lasted 2 more years, the South never fully recovered

Amputation

Prisoner’s of War

Dead Confederate Sharpshooter

The Battlefield

The Siege of Vicksburg The Siege of Vicksburg: The day after Pickett’s

Charge, General Grant successfully surrounded Vicksburg, Mississippi for more than a month Confederates ran out of food and were forced into

hiding The Union won control of the Mississippi river,

splitting the South in two Lincoln finally found a general who wasn’t a

pushover (General Ulysses Grant)

Vicksburg

By Land

By Sea

The beginning of the end… The Battle of Gettysburg and the Siege of

Vicksburg marked the beginning of the end for the Confederate States of America