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The Amazing Brain. Weighs about 3 pounds M ajor portions: Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem Made of about 100 billion neurons. The Amazing Brain. Cerebrum Largest portion Higher mental functions Diencephalon Processes sensory input Brain Stem - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Amazing Brain
•Weighs about 3 pounds
•Major portions:•Cerebrum•Diencephalon•Cerebellum•Brainstem
•Made of about 100 billion neurons
The Amazing Brain•Cerebrum•Largest portion•Higher mental functions
•Diencephalon•Processes sensory input
•Brain Stem•Coordinates and regulates visceral activities
•Cerebellum•Coordinates muscle movements
Cerebrum•Largest portion•2 cerebral hemispheres•connected by CORPUS CALLOSUM
•Many convolutions to increase surface area
Cerebrum
•Divided into lobes •Frontal lobe•Parietal lobe•Temporal lobe•Occipital lobe
Cerebrum
•Performs higher brain functions•Interpreting sensory info•Coordinating muscle movement•Intelligence & personality
CerebrumSpecial areas control different functions
A. Primary Motor Area(Frontal Lobe)
• Controls motor impulses
B. Frontal Association Area(Frontal Lobe)
• Thinking, planning, emotions, behavior
CerebrumC. Premotor Area
(Frontal Lobe)• Behavior planning• Muscle movement for
various actions
D. Frontal Eye Field(Frontal Lobe)
• Coordinates voluntary eye movements
CerebrumE. General Interpretive Area
a.k.a. Wernicke’s Area (Temporal Lobe)
• Recognition of written and spoken language
F. Broca’s area (Temporal Lobe)
• Coordinates muscles that create speech
CerebrumG. Somatosensory area
(Parietal Lobe)• Limb position, touch
sensations
H. Visual Area(Occipital Lobe)
• Sight• Identification of things
we see
Hemisphere Dominance
• Both cerebral hemispheres function in receiving and analyzing sensory input and sending motor impulses to the opposite side of the body.
• Most people exhibit hemisphere dominance for the language-related activities of speech, writing, and reading.
Hemisphere Dominance
• 90% of the population exhibits left hemisphere dominance• Some are right hemisphere dominant• Some have equal dominance in both hemispheres
• The non-dominant hemisphere specializes in nonverbal functions and controls emotions and intuitive thinking.
Frontal Lobe Higher level functions: emotions, reasoning, problem solving, judgment, movement, creativity
Parietal Lobe Somatosensory Info: touch, pain, taste, pressure
Temporal Lobe Hearing and language
Occipital Lobe Vision
Ventricles•Interconnected cavities w/in cerebrum & brainstem•Filled with CSF
Diencephalon
•Area between cerebral hemispheres
•Thalamus•Hypothalamus•Limbic System•Glands
Diencephalon
•Thalamus = Switchboard
•Directs impulses from spinal cord to correct location in brain
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus:•Heart rate & blood pressure• Body temp.• Water/salt balance• Hunger/weight• Movements & secretions ofstomach & intestines• Hormone secretion• Sleep & wakefulness
Diencephalon
•LIMBIC SYSTEM –emotions & expression
•AMYGDALA•Recognizes facial expressions•Assesses situation and responds
•Primitive decision-making center•Emotions
Diencephalon
•LIMBIC SYSTEM
•HIPPOCAMPUS•Memory•Spatial navigation
Brainstem
•Connects cerebrum & spinal cord •Parts:•Pons- breathing rate
•Medulla Oblongata-•Heart rate, BP, Sneezing, coughing,vomitting
Cerebellum
•coordinates skeletal muscle activity
•balance
•equilibrium
•maintains posture