The all-round choice for starch equipment - Alfa Laval...(decanter centrifuges, nozzle centrifuges or hydrocyclones). With almost eighty years of experience in the starch industry

The all-round choice for starch equipment

Alfa Laval solutions for processing starch

More than half of the 60 million tons of starch produced each year

throughout the world passes through Alfa Laval equipment and systems.

We are world-renowned specialists in the heat transfer, separation and

fluid handling that are crucial to efficient processing and outstanding

operating economics when producing starch.

This means that Alfa Laval is perfectly placed to help starch

manufacturers open up important new market opportunities – and

optimize the results you can achieve in existing ones.

All over the worldStarch is extracted from a wide rangeof agricultural products. These includemaize, wheat, potatoes and cassava(also known as manioc in someregions) and to a lesser extent fromrice, barley, sorghum and sago.

Starch provides almost three-quartersof the nutritional energy consumed bymankind. It is also widely used inpharmaceuticals, textiles, the paperindustry, chemicals and many lesser-known but nevertheless crucialspecialist applications throughoutindustry.

The product that emerges from theextraction process is known as nativestarch. This is used both in this formand as modified starch, or isprocessed still further into differentkinds of sweeteners and for use in awide range of fermentation processes.

Success based on disintegrationNo matter which particular crop thestarch is to be extracted from, theproduction processes involved areessentially the same. They are allbased on making the raw materialdisintegrate (milling), followed bymechanically separating the differentcomponent parts.

Solutions for processing starch 3

Widely grown – widely used

Cereals such as maize and wheat aremilled by grinding whereas tubers/rootssuch as potatoes and cassava/maniocare shredded using raspers.

The subsequent separation of thecomponent elements is carried outeither on the basis of their differentsizes – using screens or filters – ordifferent weights – using gravitationalforces in centrifugal separators(decanter centrifuges, nozzlecentrifuges or hydrocyclones).

With almost eighty years of experiencein the starch industry behind us, AlfaLaval is the leading supplier of suchprocess equipment and process linesto starch producers and processorsthroughout the world. Our leadingposition in our core technologies ofheat transfer, separation and fluidhandling makes it possible to bring ourunparalleled know-how to all aspectsof starch operations.

4 Solutions for processing starch

ExpansionThere are agricultural products grownall over the world that can be used inthe production of starch. Colderclimates favour potato growing andcassava is cultivated in the tropics,while grain varieties are grown all overthe world. With supplies of sunlight andwater as the prime determining factors,yields of up to fifteen tons of starch drymatter per hectare can be achieved.

In regions where these crops are onlymarginally utilized, their use in starchproduction can play an important rolein boosting agricultural returns and insupporting the industrializationprocess.

Processing the starch makes itpossible to move further up the valuechain and gain access to worldcommodity markets for both nutritionaland industrial products.

Modern techniques make it possible toextract starch from many differentcrops with high yield and extremepurity, making starch one of the mostversatile raw materials available to thefood and chemical industries.

OpportunitiesOn a worldwide scale, only about 25%of starch production now consists ofbasic native starch.

This is because the vast range ofindustrial uses for starch means thateach customer requires starch that istailored to meeting specific needs. Afurther 25% of production thereforeundergoes physical or chemicaltreatment, and is known as modifiedstarch.

The remaining 50% is hydrolysed intostarch-based sweeteners for industrialuse.

This constellation of requirementsgenerates significant businessopportunities for the starch industry.

– and limitationsIn some parts of the world, however,there are limitations. For example, EUquotas on potato starch productionhave placed a ceiling on productionexpansion.

The emphasis here is therefore moreon boosting the efficiency andprofitability of starch modification andprocessing operations by developinglarger-scale, more efficient equipmentwith lower operating costs.

From sugar to starchFurthermore, the European sugarindustry is currently undergoingsignificant structural change.

As result, some starch producers thatspecialize in the further conversion tosweeteners are reconsidering theoptions available. The production ofstarch-derived sweeteners providesthem with a way to become morecompetitive in relation to the naturalsugar industry.

At the same time, the natural sugarindustry is also investing in starch-related sweetener production facilities,in order to counter this challenge.

Starch – a worldwide opportunityThe worldwide starch market is currently in one of its most profoundstates of flux ever. This provides both challenges and opportunities.


From fossil fuels to starchStarch is now in a position to replacecrude oil as a source of carbohydratesin the manufacture of plastics and fuelproducts.

For example, bio-ethanol producedfrom maize has great potential inreplacing petrol/gasoline, withconsiderable success already achievedin the Americas.

Similarly, biodegradable plastic basedon starch is a field with considerablegrowth potential, especially as areplacement for conventional plastics inpackaging material.

Energy-efficient cropsEnergy-efficient crops are nowincreasingly coming into focus. Wheretoday’s process is limited to converting

only the starch-bearing fraction intoethanol, in the future the whole plantwill be converted, thus reducingproduction costs and boosting yield.

NutritionMore and more starch is being usedthroughout the world, as part of thewidespread move towards ready-madefoods and meals that are sold asrefined products with a longer shelf lifethan basic ingredients.

This growth in consumer demand canonly benefit starch producers that arecapable of developing starch-basedproducts to meet food industryrequirements.

InternationalizationThe biggest challenges for the starchindustry consist of maintaining thebalance between consumption andproduction, and to maintain a stableprice structure for both raw materialsand finished products.

In light of the increasingly importantrole being played by Asia and EasternEurope, it is likely that much starchproduction will be transferred to theseareas. They have the advantages of theavailability of a substantial surplus ofraw material, labour costs are cheapand environmental restrictions are lessstringent.

Efficiency makes the differenceFor the starch industry, futureprosperity depends on achievingeconomies of scale in production andon applying highly focused R&D workto develop new starch-derived endproducts that enable producers tomove further up the value chain.

By-products

Modified starchOxidizedCationic starchAcid-modifiedCross-linkedPregelatinized

SweetenersGlucoseFructoseMaltoseDextroseMaltodextrin

Raw materialMaizeCassavaPotatoWheatRiceBarleySorghumSago

Native starch

During steeping, solubles leach outfrom the maize and end up in the steepwater. To recover this valuablecomponent of maize, the steep wateris processed in an evaporator, wherethese soluble solids are concentratedby evaporating part of the water.

In most plants, these solubles aresubsequently mixed with the fibrefraction before the fibres are dried. Thisdried product is often called ”glutenfeed” and is widely used as a rawmaterial in animal feed.

Protein after drying is called glutenmeal. With its high protein content(approx. 65%), it is widely used as feedfor fish and poultry.


Almost 85% of the world demand forstarch is met by growing maize (knownas corn in the US), making it a cropthat is crucial for the success andprosperity of the starch industry.

Extracting starch from maize beginswith soaking the maize kernels inwater, in a process known as steeping.Once the kernels are softened, thegerm is separated after milling inhydrocylones and screens. After thegerm has been removed, the fibrefraction is then separated and washedusing screens. The germ issubsequently pressed to producemaize oil for human consumption.

Starch and protein (gluten) are thenseparated in two steps. First, the mainprotein fraction is separated usingnozzle centrifuges, in a process knownas primary separation. This is followedby washing with fresh water inhydrocyclones to separate out theremaining proteins and other impurities.

The protein separated in the nozzlecentrifuge is then pre-dewatered inanother nozzle centrifuge, followed byfinal dewatering using vacuum filters.Water recovered from the protein isused as process water for washing thefibres and germ and in the steepingprocess.

Extracting starch from maize

Diagram of typical installation for extracting starch from maize

Maize steeping

Steep liquor

Germ

Fibre

Starch

Gluten

Stones


Alfa Laval and maize starchextractionWith its acquisition of the Dorr-Oliverstarch activities, Alfa Laval became thecompany with the largest installed basein the maize starch industry, with a vastbody of know-how focused on all kindsof separation equipment used in themaize starch extraction process.

Alfa Laval’s unique experience is basedon the design and construction ofmore than 100 maize starch plantsthroughout the world.

Alfa Laval Merco centrifugeUnlike other nozzle centrifugeproducts, which are multi-purpose, theAlfa Laval Merco centrifuge design isspecially developed to meet maizestarch processing requirements. Theseinvolve high solids loads andcontinuous discharge, yet a minimumof blockages of the nozzles is crucial.

The Alfa Laval Merco design is uniquein making it possible to adjustproduction settings while in operation,by varying the nozzle draw-off. It is alsoworld-renowned for its sturdyconstruction, which ensuresdependable, non-stop high-volumeproduction.

To achieve concentration andseparation with maximum efficiency,Merco centrifuges feature oversizednozzles and larger openings betweenthe discs. The Merco design uses aspecial recirculation system, with areturn flow that is a uniquely effective

way to control the separation and/orconcentration process, via theunderflow draw-off valve.

This allows the operator to change thesplit and the concentration by a simpleadjustment of the underflow draw-offvalve in the discharge line.

To reduce maintenance costs andminimize repair downtime, the bowl issupported by an overhead bearingcartridge that is distinctive for itsextended service life and rapid, easyreplacement.

The Alfa Laval Merco nozzle centrifugeis therefore widely used in the maizestarch industry for mill streamthickening, primary separation, glutenthickening and the clarification ofmiddlings.

Different Merco models are available,with capacities of up to 1,000 tons perday. Actual throughput depends onvariables such as particle sizedistribution, duty, temperature and therequired separation result.

Fitting in wellThe maize starch factory at Aschach in Austria, owned by AGRANA Beteiligungs-AG, has continuously extended its processing capacity, to the current 1000 tonsdaily. Alfa Laval has supplied the know-how and most of the processing and controlequipment for this.

Wheat is a popular source of starchthroughout the world, since it is readilyavailable in milder climates andcontains a valuable protein fractioncalled vital gluten. This is widely usedfor human consumption.

In order to extract the starch, thewheat is first milled to obtain wheatflour. This is mixed with water to form adough, which is then subjected to abrief maturing process.

More water is then added, forming aslurry that is subsequently separatedinto its different fractions using a three-phase decanter centrifuge.

In this process, the first – and heaviest– fraction is the prime A starch.

The second fraction consists of Bstarch and vital gluten.The third fraction consists of thesolubles, some very fine starchparticles (C starch) and pentosanes.

After the fibres have been removedusing screens, the A starch isconcentrated using nozzle centrifugesand finally washed in hydrocyclones,


using fresh water.

Separating B starch and glutenThe mixture of B starch and gluten isinitially separated using screens. Thegluten is then washed using washingdrums, and dried. After drying thegluten is milled. This so-called vitalgluten is used for human consumptionand as a general food additive – forexample as a dough improver in bread-making.

B starch is concentrated using nozzlecentrifuges. B starch is mixed with theA starch for conversion into glucose.This B starch can also be dewatered ina decanter centrifuge, and then driedand sold as secondary starch.

The light phase from the three-phasedecanter centrifuge, which contains thepentosane fraction present in thewheat flour, is then treated withenzymes and concentrated using anevaporator.

Extracting starch from wheat

Wheat flour PentosanesC starchSolubles

B starch

Gluten

A starch

Fibres

Diagram of typical installation for extracting starch from wheat

Alfa Laval STNX 944 three-phasedecanter centrifugeAlfa Laval has developed the specialSTNX 944 three-phase decantercentrifuge for use in wheat starchseparation. This design makes itpossible to achieve the most efficientseparation of starch, gluten andpentosanes.

Alfa Laval and wheat starchextractionAlfa Laval has worldwide experience inconjunction with wheat starchproduction.

Among our many references arecomplete turnkey plants both in Franceand China. These installations alsoincluded all the required keyequipment, such as decantercentrifuges, nozzle centrifuges,hydrocyclones and screens.


Setting the standardThe Syral SARL wheat and maize starch plant at Marckolsheim in France is one ofthe most modern plants of its kind in Europe.

The wheat starch plant was built to meet the constantly growing demand for starchto provide various types of starch-based sweeteners. Alfa Laval supplied andinstalled starch processing equipment, featuring three-phase decanter centrifugesfor wheat splitting.

This plant is now acknowledged as a benchmark installation for the extraction ofstarch from wheat.

This is the largest three-phase decantercentrifuge available for wheat floursplitting, and is distinctive for usingoverflow weirs rather than paring discs.This ensures optimum recovery of themost valuable fractions with nooperator adjustments needed, evenunder varying process conditions, andprovides the greatest possible capacity.

Accurate splitting means that thisprocess involves very little recycling andno recovery step. This reduces theinstalled power required, which reducesenergy costs. It also limits thetemperature increase in the process,thus ensuring lower bacterial activity.This in turn makes it possible to boostproduct quality and reduce downtimefor cleaning.

Alfa Laval starch decanter centrifugesfeature a hydraulic back drive withautomatic torque control for optimumperformance and low repair cost.

Starch from tubersPotato starch processing facilities onlyoperate seasonally for the simplereason that the potatoes must beprocessed within a limited time frameafter harvesting.

Fresh tubers are cleaned and thendisintegrated on raspers. These arerapidly rotating drums fitted withrasping blades on the outer periphery.This process releases the starchgranules from the fibrous matrix inwhich they are embedded.

The proteins in the tubers are solubleand in large potato starch facilities thefirst step is to separate these proteinsusing decanter centrifuges. In all otherstarch processing factories, theseproteins are separated later in theprocess and end up in the wastewaterflow.

The next stage is to remove the fibrepulp, using screens. After it has beendewatered using decanter centrifuges,this pulp is normally sold to theagricultural sector as livestock feed.

The starch is concentrated andwashed using hydrocyclones and/ornozzle centrifuges.


In larger plants, the valuable solubleprotein that has been separated afterrasping is recovered. This is done in atwo-step process using decantercentrifuges. The soluble protein is firstconverted into insoluble protein bymeans of heat and pH adjustment.

The precipitated proteins that result arethen separated and dewatered using adecanter centrifuge followed by a drier.The non-precipitated proteins (approx.50%) are finally concentrated using anevaporator.

Extracting starch from tubersStarch can also be extracted from a wide range of tubers,including the potato, cassava and manioc.

Potato Fibres

Starch

Fruit water

Diagram of typical installation for extracting starch from potatoes/tubers

available in a wide range of different sizesand configurations for tackling specificseparation tasks.

Alfa Laval nozzle centrifuges havenumerous distinctive features.

● Continuous discharge of starch or protein concentrate.

● A hollow main shaft to introduce wash water directly into the nozzle area of the bowl via special tubes, for maximum washing efficiency.

● Recirculation of nozzle discharge to provide greater concentration and better control.

● Filler pieces between the nozzles prevent clogging and make it easierto clean the bowl.

● Built-in paring disc for the pressurized discharge of overflow. External pump installations are therefore unnecessary.

Alfa Laval and extracting starchfrom tubersAlfa Laval has a substantial installed basein the potato and cassava industries inEurope and South-East Asia.

For example, Alfa Laval has a verystrong position and the largest installedbase for cassava processing inThailand, the world’s major source ofcassava-based starch.

As a result of the acquisition of Dorr-Oliver, Alfa Laval is also the largestsupplier of potato starch processinglines in China.

Alfa Laval nozzle centrifugesWhen processing different kinds of tubersas the raw materials for extracting starch,the use of Alfa Laval nozzle centrifugesas a preconcentrator or refining separatoris crucial for the best results. These are


● The disc stack cartridge can be liftedout in one piece for easy cleaning and maintenance.

Each Alfa Laval nozzle centrifuge canbe delivered as a complete unitincluding all the required valve modulesfor process liquid and wash water, anda special starter and control system.

Working together for best resultsIn 2000–2005, Alfa Laval installed separation equipment for three potato starchprocessing lines for the Chinese companies Lixue Fine Starch Co. Ltd. and WohuaPotato Products Co. Ltd.

Alfa Laval also provided a wide range of assistance and consultancy services tohelp develop potato starch processing in China.

A spokesperson noted “We are extremely satisfied with the Alfa Laval equipment,which is easy to operate and requires a minimum of maintenance. It also helps usto produce starch of a very high quality.”

Starch is produced from many differentraw materials, and production methodsvary accordingly. Whatever theprocesses involved, the starch must bewashed free from impurities, and thenconcentrated.

Downstream process equipmentThe processes that follow on fromstarch extraction are calleddownstream processes, and normallyinvolve the production of modifiedstarches, hydrolysates and liquidsugars in many different forms.

AlfaCond and AlfaVap platecondensers and evaporators dovetailperfectly into these downstream flows.Typical uses are for the evaporation ofwater and for concentrating glucose,fructose and sorbitol by evaporatingexcess water content.

Alfa Laval is also an important supplierof the hydrocylone batteries that thestarch industry uses for washing saltsleft over from the chemical treatment ofthe starch. Designing and configuringsuch equipment requires considerablespecialist experience and knowhow –which Alfa Laval is ideally placed tosupply.

Optimize your performanceAlfaVap evaporators are ideal for use inall starch-related applications including● glucose and fructose● maltodextrine● sorbitol● corn steep liquor● salty wastewater.AlfaCond is the world’s first and onlytailor-made plate condenser, developedspecifically for condensing low-pressure vapours.

Compared to conventional shell-and-tube evaporators and condensers,AlfaVap and AlfaCond work magic onoperating costs. They not only save

Downstream process optimization

expensive space because theircompactness requires less floor area,but also substantially reduceinvestment cost and minimizemaintenance – without sacrificingreliability or safety.

RiceRice is one of the most commonstarch-bearing crops, globallyspeaking, and as such is widelyavailable. However, rice is used onlyvery little to produce starch. This isbecause the extraction of rice starch iscomplicated on account of the verysmall size of the starch kernels.

Barley and oatsBarley and oats are grown in thenorthern hemisphere and are importantfor the dietary fibre they provide forhuman nutrition. Extracting starch frombarley and oats is very similar to thewheat starch process, requiringenzymes to treat the beta glucanen toreduce viscosity.


Starch from other crops

Low installation costsThe compact, versatile design of theAlfaVap and AlfaCond means thaterection and installation costs aredrastically reduced compared toconventional equipment.

Flexible capacityAlfaVap and AlfaCond make it easy toadjust capacity to meet changing

needs, simply by adding or removingplates, while retaining the existingframe.

Multi-effect, MVR, TVRAlfaVap evaporators can be used inmulti-effect configurations and withThermo Compressor (TVR). Withsurging energy prices, a combinationof AlfaVap with Mechanical VapourRecompression (MVR) providesincreasing benefits.

Better product qualityThe extremely low hold-up volume is abig advantage for heat sensitiveproducts. It also permits rapid start upand shut down, with only minimalwaste.

HydrocyclonesHydrocyclones were originallydeveloped in the 1950s by the Dutchcoal mining industry as a cheapalternative to centrifugal separation.

This know-how and technologysubsequently became part of AlfaLaval, and led to the development ofspecial cyclones for separating germfrom the milled maize slurry and for thepurification of starch.

Batteries of hydrocylones are widelyused to reduce the quantities of proteinand other impurities in native starchand to reduce the salts present inmodified starches.

Alfa Laval hydrocyclones are popularfor this due to their uncomplicateddesign and low cost. This makes itfeasible to install several washingstages in series, resulting in betterwashing results while using less water.

SorghumSorghum – also known as milo maize –is a plant that is basically of the samegenus as maize, which is actually ahybrid of milo maize. Sorghum kernelsare substantially smaller than theirmaize counterparts, which makes themmore difficult to handle.

Sorghum grows mainly in the tropicsand is one of the larger crops in Africa.Extracting starch from sorghum isidentical to the maize process, exceptthat the split of the different fractions ismore complicated than with maize.This results in lower yield and less purestarch and starch by-products.

SagoSago starch comes from the trunk ofthe sago palm tree and is onlyprocessed in small local starchfactories. Most of these still use simplesettling tables for the separation andpurification of the starch.


Partnership benefits fromexperienceAlfa Laval is a long-term partner to thestarch processing industry throughoutthe world. This partnership is based onour know-how about starch productioninvolving all possible raw materials,combined with Alfa Laval’s unparalleledexperience in applying its coretechnologies to starch processingrequirements.

We have the ability and resources toserve as your technical partner in allaspects of starch production, rightfrom handling the raw material to finaltreatment of the end product. Ourspecialist process and engineeringteams can handle everything from asimple component enquiry to the de-


bottlenecking or expansion of anexisting plant, and to the feasibility,design and construction of a green-field factory.

Alfa Laval provides the equipment andsystems that make this possible,focusing on● evaporation and condensation● screening and filtration● centrifugal separation● membrane filtration● heating and cooling.

Evaporation and condensationAlfa Laval’s broad range of plateevaporators, including the compactAlfaCond and AlfaVap units, providesthe most cost-effective solution foryour evaporation needs for wastewater

(native and modified starch waste) andsweetener concentration. Their highthermal efficiency also meanssubstantially smaller size, which in turnmeans less material and lowerinstallation costs than for traditionalshell-and-tube technology. The lowretention time also improvestemperature-sensitive end products.

Screening and filtrationIn the world of starch processing, AlfaLaval bent screens are usedextensively for separating and purifyinggerm and fibres from the starch slurry.

Alfa Laval – a partner to the starchindustry

Decanter centrifuges are normally usedwhen higher solid concentrations arerequired in the solid discharge.

Nozzle centrifuges, on the other hand,are ideal for separation tasks thatinvolve lower solids concentrations andsmaller particle sizes.

Hydrocylones are extremely efficient forremoving grit and sand from the starchslurry and for separating out the germ,as well as for concentrating andpurifying the final starch product.

Later in the process, Alfa Laval rotarydrum filters are used for dewatering theconcentrated gluten and for purifyingstarch-based sweeteners.In wheat starch production, Alfa Lavalrotating and bar screens areextensively used to remove fibre from Astarch after washing, for separatinggluten from the B starch and forwashing the gluten.

Centrifugal separationSeparating solids from liquids plays akey role in countless industrial, foodand treatment processes. Alfa Lavaldecanter centrifuges, nozzlecentrifuges and hydrocyclones performthis crucial function exceptionally well.


Alfa Laval – a partner to the starchindustry

Membrane filtrationOur customers in the starch,sweeteners and sugar industries faceincreasingly stringent environmentaland quality standards.

Alfa Laval is uniquely positioned toaddress these needs using the entirespectrum of cross-flow filtrationtechnologies, from microfiltration,ultrafiltration and nanofiltration toreverse osmosis.

The Alfa Laval range of spiral-woundand plate-and-frame membranefiltration modules are ideal for use withhigh temperatures and high viscositiesover the full pH range.

Alfa Laval is a reliable partner inproviding membrane filtration solutionsto companies in the starch, sweetenerand sugar industries, and we areconstantly involved in working with ourcustomers to develop highly effectivenew applications for this technology.

Current focus includes● monosaccharide purification● treatment of sugar decolourization,

resin regeneration, effluent concentration and the recovery of sugar water

● colour removal (sugar)● production of high-fructose corn

syrup● concentration of sweeteners.


Heating and coolingOur starch process expertise makesAlfa Laval the ideal long-term partner tomeet your heat exchanger needs instarch processing.

Alfa Laval plate heat exchangers aredesigned to optimize heat transfer,because the corrugated plates providethe largest possible surface areathrough which the heat can be passedfrom one gas or liquid to the other.Plate heat exchangers have theadvantage that this substantial heattransfer area is available within arelatively compact footprint.

The design of the channels alsoensures maximum turbulence as eachfluid passes through. This results inmaximum efficiency in transferring heatfrom one medium to the other.

Alfa Laval plate heat exchangers alsohave the added advantage thatcompletely standard units are normallycapable of handling all requirementswithin the starch industry, as the rangecovers both standard heat exchangersand wide-gap heat exchangers that areideal for fluids that contain solids, fibresor particles.

Spiral Heat ExchangerSpiral-shaped heat exchangers are nota new idea but Alfa Laval has perfectedthe design.

The single-channel arrangement isexcellent for fouling duties and providesa self-cleaning effect. This uniquefeature makes the Alfa Laval spiralheat exchanger the most reliablechoice for critical fouling duties such asdealing with slurries in which bothsides contain suspended solids thatsettle very easily.


Nonstop Performance

Service countsIn modern starch processing, efficient,well-planned service plays an importantpart in maintaining profitableoperations.

Full controlAlfa Laval operates with a highlysophisticated Nonstop Performanceconcept made possible by ourworldwide network of service andspare parts distribution centres in morethan fifty countries throughout theworld.


Alfa Laval has full control over theentire supply chain, which means thatwe can provide customers withresponse times, availability and leadtimes that are second to none.

Service when it fits inThe service requirements for Alfa Lavalstarch processing equipment areminimal, and planned preventivemaintenance is the key to making surethis always remains the case.Alfa Laval’s worldwide servicecapabilities and vast experience withthe contract maintenance and serviceof decanter centrifuges ensure that anyservice work required involves theabsolute minimum of disturbance tooperations.

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Alfa Laval in briefAlfa Laval is a leading global provider ofspecialized products and engineeredsolutions. Our equipment, systems andservices are dedicated to helpingcustomers to optimize the performanceof their processes. Time and timeagain.

We help our customers to heat, cool,separate and transport products suchas oil, water, chemicals, beverages,foodstuffs, starch and pharmaceuticals.Our worldwide organization worksclosely with customers in almost 100countries to help them stay ahead.

How to contact Alfa LavalUp-to-date Alfa Laval contact detailsfor all countries are always available onour website at www.alfalaval.com

Documents

The all-round choice for starch equipment - Alfa Laval...(decanter centrifuges, nozzle centrifuges or hydrocyclones). With almost eighty years of experience in the starch industry