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The Age of Discovery
1095 to 1500s
Roots of Discovery
Pope Urban II Order the Crusades 1095 Contact and Commerce Wealth to Italian City-states Funds Renaissance New Technology
Marco Polo
1295 20 year Sojourn in China
Book inspires travel and exploration Led to the discovery of a cheaper route to the
East.
Portugal…
1450 the Caravel was introduced Allowed for travel down the African coast
Allowed for contact with African Gold (2/3rd of Europe’s supply)
Trading Posts (Gold and Slaves) Adopted Arab and African practices
Set the standard for new world
Lets Push On…A Quest for a New Route to the Indies! Henry the Navigator Bartholomew Diaz 1488 Vasco da Gama 1498 Pedro Cabral 1500
Henry the Navigator Encouraged Portuguese exploration.
Bartholomew Diaz 1488 (Found a water rout to Asia) Rounded southern tip of Africa to search for route to Asia
Vasco da Gama 1498 (Found a water rout to Asia) Reached India: brought treasures creating European thirst
for Eastern Goods. Opened door for Portugal’s Eastern empire
Pedro (Pietro) Cabral 1500 Discovered east coast of Brazil during 2nd failed voyage to
India Brazil will become a colony
Spain enters the Search! Columbus 1492 (Italy): successful failure Amerigo Vespucci (Maps)
1501-02: detailed his exploration in Brazil (German geographer honored Vespucci’s false
claim to have been the first to travel to Brazil, and named the new area “America”)
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Secured Spain’s Claim to America
French and English reject the treaty!
Amerigo Vespucci
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain secured claim New World Divided
Portugal: Brazil and territory in Africa and Asia Spain: dominated North and South America Spain never had access to slave trade
Gold, Silver, Corn, Potatoes, pineapples,
tomatoes, tobacco, beans, vanilla,
chocolate, syphilis
Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, horses, cow
s,
pigs, smallpox, m
easles, bubonic plague,
influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever
Slaves
Spanish Conquistadors
*Vasco Balboa 1513 The Pacific Ponce De Leon 1513 Florida *Magellan 1519-22 Cortes 1519-21 Mexico Aztecs Pizarro 1532 Incas Coronado 1540-42 “El Dorado” De Soto 1541 Mississippi
*Vasco Balboa 1513 Discovered the Pacific Ocean off of Panama.
Ponce De Leon 1513 Discovered Florida, seeking the fountain of youth.
*Magellan 1519-22 Sailed around South America but killed by natives in the
Philippines Cortes 1519-21
Conquered the Aztecs (Montezuma's envoys thought Cortes was God Quetzalcoatl.)
Pizarro 1532 Incas Vast amounts of gold and silver.
Coronado 1540-42 “El Dorado” De Soto 1541 Mississippi
Vasco Balboa 1513
Ponce De Leon 1513
Magellan 1519-22
Cortes 1519-21
Pizarro 1532
Coronado 1540-42 “El Dorado”
Spanish Accomplishments
200 Cities 2 Universities Control of Millions of Indians
Characteristic of the Spanish Empire
“God, Gold and Glory” Intermarriage with Indians Centralized Authority Feudal Society
French Colonization
Verrazano and Cartier Sailed coast from Carolina to Maine. Explored up the St. Lawrence River
Champlain, Quebec 1609 “Father of New France” 1 Year after the English founded Jamestown in Virginia
Marquette and La Salle 1673 Sailed down Great Lakes Sought to prevent Spanish expansion into Gulf of
Mexico region. Outpost and Trade Good relations with Indians
Obstacles to French
Barred Huguenots Canada Difficult Climate Feudal Land System
What about the Native Americans?
Population Arrived 40,000 years ago on the Bering Strait and
spread to the tip of South America Spoke 100s of different languages, religions and
cultures and inhabited America. Between 4000 to 1500 BCE created permanent farm
villages that would dominate Peru, Central Mexico and Northeastern Mexico
Aztecs, Incas, and other “semi-sedentary”
Different Views
Work “Women’s Work”
Matrilineal and Matrilocal society Property Religion
That is it for today…
