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The Age of Absolutism in Europe 1600-1715. Europe during the Age of Absolutism. The Thirty Year’s War. Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Changed the way countries dealt with one another – national sovereignty was respected for the first time - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Age of The Age of Absolutism in Absolutism in
EuropeEurope
1600-17151600-1715
Europe during the Age of Europe during the Age of AbsolutismAbsolutism
The Thirty Year’s WarThe Thirty Year’s War
Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Changed the way countries dealt Changed the way countries dealt
with one another – national with one another – national sovereignty was respected for the sovereignty was respected for the first timefirst time
England and France became the two England and France became the two dominant powers of the 17dominant powers of the 17thth Century Century and led the revolutions in science, and led the revolutions in science, philosophy and political theory philosophy and political theory
Revolutions in ThoughtRevolutions in Thought
The gulf between the church and The gulf between the church and science widened in the 17science widened in the 17thth Century Century
In 1633 Galileo was tried before the In 1633 Galileo was tried before the church for his theories of church for his theories of heliocentrism (the sun not the earth heliocentrism (the sun not the earth was the center of the universe)was the center of the universe)
Galileo defied the church and was Galileo defied the church and was tortured into silencetortured into silence
The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution
From mid 16From mid 16thth to the beginning of the to the beginning of the 1818thth Century, a revolution in science Century, a revolution in science would challenge how Europeans would challenge how Europeans perceived themselves and the universeperceived themselves and the universe
Isaac Newton formulated his Three Isaac Newton formulated his Three Laws of MotionLaws of Motion
William Harvey – his human blood William Harvey – his human blood circulation discoveries challenged the circulation discoveries challenged the accepted belief that the heart worked accepted belief that the heart worked by divine interventionby divine intervention
The Scientific Method The Scientific Method and The Birth of Modern and The Birth of Modern
PhilosophyPhilosophy For centuries it was believed that truths For centuries it was believed that truths were arrived at by studying the Biblewere arrived at by studying the Bible
The 17The 17thth Century saw a rise in Century saw a rise in systematic skepticism, experimentalism, systematic skepticism, experimentalism, and reasoning based on observed facts and reasoning based on observed facts and mathematical lawsand mathematical laws
Francis Bacon – direct observation was Francis Bacon – direct observation was essential to ascertain truthessential to ascertain truth
Rene Descartes – applied mathematical Rene Descartes – applied mathematical methods and reasoning to philosophy methods and reasoning to philosophy
John Locke (1632 – 1704)John Locke (1632 – 1704)
English philosopherEnglish philosopher Believed that over Believed that over
time people would time people would join together to join together to benefit from benefit from cooperationcooperation
Through a Social Through a Social Contract, Contract, sovereignty would sovereignty would remain with the remain with the people people
Thomas Hobbes (1588 –Thomas Hobbes (1588 –1679)1679)
English philosopherEnglish philosopher Wrote Leviathan – life Wrote Leviathan – life
began in a state of began in a state of naturenature
Man is inherently Man is inherently selfish and aggressiveselfish and aggressive
Left on own, chaos and Left on own, chaos and conflict would ruleconflict would rule
Citizens need law and Citizens need law and to follow a sovereign to follow a sovereign to avoid chaosto avoid chaos
Absolutism in FranceAbsolutism in France
Louis XIV epitomized Louis XIV epitomized the absolutist belief the absolutist belief that the monarchy that the monarchy personified the statepersonified the state
Absolutism was Absolutism was created under created under Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Richelieu who secularized who secularized France and fostered France and fostered loyalty to the French loyalty to the French statestate
Absolutism in France Absolutism in France cont.cont.
Cardinal Richelieu centralized power Cardinal Richelieu centralized power by alienating the nobilityby alienating the nobility
The greatest threat to the monarchy The greatest threat to the monarchy was the nobilitywas the nobility
Monarchs created standing armies for Monarchs created standing armies for the first timethe first time
Louis XIV built the Palace of Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles as a testament to his power Versailles as a testament to his power and used it to gain control of the and used it to gain control of the nobilitynobility
Palace of VersaillesPalace of Versailles
Versailles Grande Versailles Grande GallerieGallerie
Daily routines at Daily routines at Versailles were Versailles were exploited by Louis exploited by Louis XIV XIV
The nobility The nobility competed against competed against each other to each other to perform menial perform menial tasks for the kingtasks for the king
Palace GardensPalace Gardens
Louis XIV and the ArtsLouis XIV and the Arts
Moliere, France’s Moliere, France’s greatest playwright greatest playwright in the 17in the 17thth Century Century
Mocked and Mocked and alienated the alienated the aristrocracy in his aristrocracy in his playsplays
Received support Received support and funding from and funding from Louis XIVLouis XIV
Baroque ArtBaroque Art Stylistically complexStylistically complex Meant to evoke emotion Meant to evoke emotion
by appealing to the by appealing to the sensessenses
Bernini’s sculptures Bernini’s sculptures captured figures in the captured figures in the state of intense emotionstate of intense emotion
Rembrandt van Rijn Rembrandt van Rijn rejected traditional rejected traditional arrangements for arrangements for portraits by not giving portraits by not giving equal prominence to each equal prominence to each member of the groupmember of the group
Absolutism in Eastern Absolutism in Eastern EuropeEurope
Tsar Peter I (Peter Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great) of Russiathe Great) of Russia
Modernized Russia Modernized Russia through through WesternizationWesternization
Taxed his subjects Taxed his subjects heavily to pay for his heavily to pay for his projectsprojects
Killed 1000 Killed 1000 members of streltsy members of streltsy when they tried to when they tried to depose himdepose him
1717thth Century England Century England Constitutionalism not Absolutism ruledConstitutionalism not Absolutism ruled English monarchs held accountable to English monarchs held accountable to
ParliamentParliament James I (1603-1625) supported absolute ruleJames I (1603-1625) supported absolute rule Charles I (1625-1649) fought with Parliament Charles I (1625-1649) fought with Parliament
over money for his wars with Spainover money for his wars with Spain Charles II (1660-1685) learned the lessons of Charles II (1660-1685) learned the lessons of
his predecessors – don’t mess with Parliamenthis predecessors – don’t mess with Parliament James II (1685-1688) was an unpopular king James II (1685-1688) was an unpopular king
because of his open Catholicism and return to because of his open Catholicism and return to absolute ruleabsolute rule
The Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution (1688)(1688)
William of Orange, the Dutch William of Orange, the Dutch monarch was asked by the English monarch was asked by the English people to depose their king, James IIpeople to depose their king, James II
A bloodless coup ensued as James II A bloodless coup ensued as James II fled Englandfled England
Parliament now reigned supreme Parliament now reigned supreme The Bill of Rights (1689) outlined the The Bill of Rights (1689) outlined the
powers and rights of Parliamentpowers and rights of Parliament
Works CitedWorks Cited
Google ImagesGoogle Images Legacy by Garfield Newman Legacy by Garfield Newman http://www.historyteacher.net/EuroPhttp://www.historyteacher.net/EuroP
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