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SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 1
PROJET : NIGERIA-NIGER-BENIN/TOGO-BURKINA FASO ELECTRIC
POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT
COUNTRIES : MULTINATIONAL : BENIN, BURKINA FASO, NIGER, NIGERIA
SUMMARY OF THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)
August 2017
Preperation
Team
Team Leader R. KITANDALA Senior Operations Officer RDGW1 4515
Deputy Team Leader P. DJAIGBE Principal Energy Officer COSN/RDGW1 6597
Team Members
M. KINANE Lead Environmentalist RDGW4 2933
P. SANON Socio-economist RDGN.4 5828
O. OUATTARA Experts in Financial Management COSN/SNFI2 6561
M. ANASSIDE Acquisitions Officer COML/SNFI1 6574
Division Manager A.B. DIALLO RDGW1 1681
Sector Director
Regional Director J.K. LITSE RDGW 4047
The African Development Bank Group
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 2
SUMMARY OF THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)
Titre du projet : Electricity Interconnection Project Nigeria-Niger-Bénin-
Burkina Faso
Projet No. : P-Z1-FA0-119
Pays : Multinational : Nigeria, Niger, Bénin, Burkina Faso
Departement : RDGW Division : RDGW1
INTRODUCTION
At the request of the authorities of Nigeria, Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso, the African Development
Bank will support the implementation of the Electricity Interconnection Project Nigeria-Niger-Benin-
Burkina Faso.
From an environmental and social point of view, the project is classified in category 1, given its scale
and the main environmental and social impacts that have been identified.
Execution of the works of the transmission line, posts and access roads will result in the displacement
of households, disruption of socio-economic activities and damage to the livelihoods of people within
the existing infrastructure and its constraints.
Also, in accordance with the African Development Bank's Policy on Involuntary Resettlement of
Populations (Operational Safeguards 2 - OS2), the Guinean and Malian governments respectively
developed and submitted to the Bank a Comprehensive Resettlement Plan (CRP) to ensure
compensation and resettlement of Project Affected Persons (PAPs). Its objectives are to: (i) minimize,
as much as possible, involuntary displacements; (ii) avoid the destruction of property when possible;
and (iii) compensate PAPs for the loss of residential plots, agricultural land, buildings and equipment,
as well as loss of income.
The CRP, which is the subject of this summary, sets out the principles and procedures for setting up
compensation and resettlement actions for the PAPs, and establishes an approximate budget and
indicative timetable for its implementation.
1. PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION, RATIONALE & AREA OF INFLUENCE
1.1 Programme description and rationale
- Programme rationale
The project is a short-term answer to the main problems faced by countries with low energy production,
such as Niger, Burkina Faso and Benin, which are characterized by low rates of access to electricity for
their population (Benin: 18 %, Burkina Faso: 19% and Niger: 11%), a predominance of electricity from
excessively expensive thermal origins, thus rendering their respective electricity subsector financially
deficient because if the inadequacy of the applied tariffs. The project is a priority of the ECOWAS
Master Plan for the Generation and Transmission of Electrical Energy approved in February 2012.
- Projet description
The project concerns the supply of electricity to the productive sectors of the economies of the concerned
countries; the reduction of the cost per kWh in Niger, Burkina, and Benin/Togo ;
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 3
increased access to electricity ; the enlargement of the energy exchange system and the creation of a
regional electricity market. The projected power flow at the completion of the project in 2020 is 300
MW, this transit will increase to 666 MW in 2025 and 915 MW in 2035. The rural electrification
component will cover a population of 540,000 inhabitants spread across 294 rural communities. 68,000
households in Nigeria, Niger, Benin/Togo and Burkina Faso.
- Projet objectives
The project aims to strengthen electricity exchanges in the WAPP region, increase access to electricity
for people of Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin and Togo through access to resources of Nigeria who have a
predominance gas and hydropower. It will help limit the expensive investments of these three countries
in the production of energy for thermal sources, mainly based on fossil fuels. The project will contribute
to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This integrative project will also contribute to the
improvement of the living conditions of the populations of its zone of influence (lighting of basic social
services: health care center, schools, administrative services) and the creation of income-generating
activities in rural areas.
- Project components
The project is structured around the following components:
Components Cost
(UA Millions) Description
Transport
Infrastructure 409.96
- Extension of 330 kV Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria) substation;
- Construction of a 330 kV transmission line between Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria) and
Niamey (Niger);
- Extension of the 330/132/66 kV substation in Niamey
- Construction of a 330/132 kV substation at Zabori (Niamey)
- Construction of a 330 kV transmission line between Niamey and Ouagadougou;
- Construction of a 330/225 kV substation in Ouagadougou
- Extension of Ouaga Sud-Est substation
- Construction of a 330 kV line between Zabori (Niger) and Malanville (Benin) (Bénin)
Rural electrification 86.45
Electrification of communities within a radius of 5 km on both sides of the transmission
line in the four countries
Institutional support
and project
management 42.47
- Operation of the Project Management Unit (PMU);
- Institutional support to the WAPP General Secretariat;
- Control and supervision of works, Project audit;
- Supervion of public works;
- Capacity Building
Mitigation of impacts 8.47
Management of environmental and social impacts, relocation of populations and
compensation for those affected.
- Cost and financing of the project
The overall cost of the project is UA 514.554 million. The financing of the project will be provided as
follows. The African Development Bank Group shall provide UA 112.50 million. The World Bank
(WB), the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), the French Development Agency (AFD), the German
Cooperation (KFW), the ECOWAS
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 4
Bank for Investment and Development (EBID) and the Chinese Cooperation shall provide UA 312.20
million. And the concerned States shall contribute UA 19.5 million.
1.2 Project Impacted Areas
The project covers four countries namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria.
Bénin
In Benin, the power line extends over a distance of 12 km. It crosses the Niger River and bypasses the
suburbs of Malanville passing by the west. The line also bypasses the hilly area southwest of Malanville.
The population of the Malanville commune counted 168,641 inhabitants in 2013 according to the 4th
General Census of Population and Housing (RGPH-4, National Institute of Statistics and Economic
Analysis, 2013) with a rate of increase of 4.57% between 2002 and 2013 and an estimated density of 45
inhabitants / km2. The male/female distribution is almost equal (50.4% for women against 49.6% for
men).
The literacy rate in the commune of Malanville was 10.5% in 2002, according to the results of the 3rd
General Census of Population and Housing (RGPH 3) carried out by the National Institute of the
Statistics and Economic Analysis. It is respectively 14.8% for men against 6.4% for women and the
parity index is 0.43. Women therefore constitute the biggest targets for illiteracy in the commune.
In the sanitary infrastructure of Benin, the commune of Malanville belongs to the health zone made up
of the communes of Malanville and Karimama. According to the data from 2011 collected from the
departments of Borgou and Alibori, the Department of Alibori presented the following indicators over
the period from 2002 to 2012: mortality rate of 12.85% against 12.27% for the national average ; infant
mortality rate of 84% against 90% for the national average; birth rate of 47.7% against 41.1% for the
national average; and life expectancy at birth of 55.27 years versus 59.2 years for the national average.
The commune of Malanville has a low rate of drinking water coverage and the rate of service is
unequally distributed between the boroughs and between the localities of the same district. The
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 5
city of Malanville also has low coverage of the SONEB network, which only covers 18,739 linear
meters, with 479 households subscribed.
The breakdown of assets by business sector of the commune indicate that the tertiary sector (commerce,
restaurant-hotel, transport-communication and other services) alone employs more than half of the
assets. Agriculture, livestock and fisheries, which constitute the primary sector, use just under a third,
and the secondary sector 15% of assets. The commune has an agricultural vocation, but this sector is in
competition with the commercial sector.
In the project area, several households have a higher level of vulnerability due to the characteristics of
some household members. Many households are headed by a woman. In addition, some heads of
households are not only women, but widows as well. Some heads of households also face a disability or
chronic illness. Many households also have one of their members, other than the head, who has a
disability. Finally, more than 85% of the affected households in each of the concerned villages have no
other plots than those crossed by the right-of-way. In fact, of the 52 households affected by the project,
only six (6) have another plot, outside of the one found in the right-of-way.
Burkina Faso
The project in Burkina Faso consists of a 330 kV line going from the border with Niger to the Ouaga-
East substation in Ouagadougou.
The four (4) regions in the project area coincide with the regions of the administrative district: Central,
Central East, East and Central Plateau. The proposed route for the crossing of the interconnection line
runs through a total of 11 municipalities. The eastern region is the most heavily traveled region with
effectively two (2) provinces, five (5) communes and 30 villages/sectors concerned. The Central and
Central Plateau regions are the least affected with respectively one (1) commune and seven (7)
villages/sectors crossed for the first, against two (2) communes and nine (9) villages/sectors crossed for
the second .
The population is predominantly rural. The central region, however, is predominantly urban, this region
including Ouagadougou, the national capital and largest city in the country. This region accounts for
38.98% of the total population of the project area. The project area is globally highly populated, with an
average density of 65.425 inhabitants per km2, roughly equal to the national average of 51.4 inhabitants
per km2. However, it should be noted that with the exception of the Eastern region, which has a density
(25.96) lower than the national average, the other three regions record higher levels (Center 602.21,
Center-East 76.95 and central plateau 107.03).
The population is predominantly rural. The central region, however, is predominantly urban, this region
including Ouagadougou, the national capital and largest city in the country. This region accounts for
38.98% of the total population of the project area. The project area is globally highly populated, with an
average density of 65.425 inhabitants per km2, roughly equal to the national average of 51.4 inhabitants
per km2. However, it should be noted that with the exception of the Eastern region, which has a density
(25.96) lower than the national average, the other three regions record higher levels (Center 602.21,
Center-East 76.95 and central plateau 107.03).
The dominant economic activities in the active population are those related to agriculture, livestock
farming and fishing (79.2% of employed persons), services and trade activities 9.3% and those involving
artisans and workers 5.6%.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 6
In general, the main sources of water supply are boreholes/pumps, wells and standpipes. Transport is
growing more and more despite the lack of organization and adequate infrastructure. The project area is
mainly bordered by the national road 4. The data from 2015 provided by SONABEL showed that 19%
of households in the country had access to electricity.
Although there is no site or historical monument protected or known to date in the project area, various
special purpose sites are found in the municipalities crossed by the line.
Niger
Three sections of the new 330-kV line cross Niger, between the border with Nigeria and the future Gorou
Banda substation in Niamey, between this substation and the border with Burkina Faso, and between
the future Zabori substation and the border with Benin.
The project is located in three (3) regions, namely Dosso, Tillaberi and Niamey, which have, according
to the same census report, a population of 2 141 487, 2 645 125 and 1 388 682 inhabitants. The
population of the study area is largely rural, representing respectively 89% and 94% respectively for the
Dosso and Tillaberi regions. The population of Niamey, for its part, is urban.
In general, Niger is characterized by a certain mobility of populations, both inside and outside the
country, often linked to natural contingencies dictated by climatic conditions. Internally, emigrations
are mostly seasonal and are made to the big cities (Niamey, Dosso, Gaya Torodi), as well as to certain
zones of attraction like the gold mine sites of the Sirba zone where employment opportunities can be
found for young people (men and women). On the basis of the seasonal calendar which schematizes the
activities of the different social strata of the population, it has been identified that the layer of people
more inclined to migratory movements remains mainly the youth, included the young people between
15 and 40 years old. These migratory movements are generally annual or multi-year migration cases.
The out-migration of young people is largely due to the lack of activities and job prospects.
Significant progress has been made in the field of education in Niger, especially at the basic education
level. The gross enrollment rate has made significant progress over the 2007-2008 to 2010-2011 period.
During this period, this rate went from 62.6% to 76.1%; a gain of 13.5 percentage points. Nevertheless,
this increase conceals significant disparities between girls and boys (17.6 percentage points (%) of
difference to the disadvantage of girls) and environment types (19.1 percentage points of difference to
the disadvantage of rural areas). In 2014, the gross enrollment rates recorded in the project area placed
the Niamey region at the top of the ranking with 113.9% followed by Dosso with (75.2%) and Tillabéry
with (71%) against a national rate of 76.1% according to the INS on the basis of the education report.
As well as between environments or genders, there are also disparities between regions even though
these disparities have narrowed between 2009-10 and 2010-11. In terms of health, the current level of
the main morbidity and mortality indicators (including mortality rate, infant mortality, life expectancy,
birth rate, etc.) reflect the general state of health. Populations in the intervention area of the Integrated
Program for Agricultural Development and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Niger Basin. This level
is worrying in many respects and to some extent reflects the extent of demand for health care, especially
for the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population. According to the INS, with regard to
HIV / AIDS, it should be noted that the prevalence rate is 0.5% for the Dosso region, 0.2% for Tillabéry
and 1.1% for Niamey, while it is 0.4% at the national level.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 7
At the economic level, Niger's agriculture is dominated by rainfed crops centered on cereals and
legumes. It is carried-out in the southern zone, but it includes about three quarters of the total population.
Thus, agriculture is the main economic activity practiced by the populations of the study area. The main
crops grown in the area
are: millet, sorghum, cowpeas and groundnuts. The production rates of these crops in the project area
are 60%, 10%, 23% and 2% respectively.
Nigeria
The 330 kV line connects the Bernin Kebbi substation at the border to Niger. The area is located in the
state of Kebbi. The 2011 projections count 3 630 931 inhabitants, with a population density of 56
inhabitants / km2. With 78%, the rural population constitutes the majority of the total population.
In 2013, literacy was determined by assessing the respondents’ ability to read all or part of a sentence.
Only women and men who had never been to school and those who had not completed primary school
education were asked to read the cards (in the language they were most likely to read ). Those with
secondary or higher education were assumed to be literate.
Oil has been a dominant source of government revenue since the 1970s, but regulatory constraints and
security risks have limited new investments in the oil and gas sector. Nevertheless, the Nigerian
economy has continued to grow at a rapid rate of 6-8% per year, thanks to growth in agriculture,
telecommunications and services. With over 75% of the state population residing in rural areas,
agriculture is the main occupation in Kebbi State. A significant number of city dwellers also engage in
agriculture to supplement their income.
Most of Kebbi’s state population uses both protected and non-protected sources for water supply. The
results of the 498 households involved in the project showed that the vast majority (88.8%) get their
domestic water from a well.
Only one third (37.3%) of the 498 households concerned are connected to the electricity grid. They use
electrical energy primarily for lighting.
The Kebbi state health system remains overburdened by a growing population; obsolete physical
facilities and equipment with a shortage of qualified health professionals. In addition, the roles of
stakeholders are poorly aligned and coordination systems are weak. This situation is exacerbated by the
lack of data that poses a challenge for planning, evidence-based policy, formulation, resource allocation
and management of health systems.
The Hausa society, of which the Kebbi state is a part, is patriarchal with a strong male influence on
virtually every sphere of life. Women in isolation are generally considered dependent, subject to their
husbands and their lives supposedly limited to the domestic sphere. They have very little freedom to
make their own decisions without being authorized by men. It is because of the nature of the system that
places the responsibilities of wives and their children on husbands while women should remain isolated
by doing domestic work. It is men, not women, who by convention participate in public life and
monopolize public affairs.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 8
1.3 Beneficiaries of the project
The transport infrastructure will benefit the national electricity companies of Benin (CEB), Burkina Faso
(SONABEL), Niger (NIGELEC) and Nigeria (TCN) which will operate them.
The project will allow for the electrification of 294 rural communities with a total population of 540,000
inhabitants. The project will allow the subscription of 68,000 households in Nigeria, Niger, Benin / Togo
and Burkina Faso, who will have access to electricity that will improve their living conditions.
The execution of the works will allow the creation of jobs of which at least 10% will be held by
women/girls. In terms of social and professional integration, at least 120 young graduates in 4 countries,
50% of whom will be young girls will be able to carry out 6-month internships renewable once,
promoting their employability.
At the regional level in each country, the project will enable industries and enterprises in the respective
regions to develop and expand their production and commercial activities.
Regional integration and the West African economy will be promoted.
2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS
As the potential impacts on the human environment and the natural environment are comprehensively
presented in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), this paragraph will only develop
impacts on the human environment in terms of expropriation and socio-economic prejudices for the
release of the right-of-way and the carrying out of the works by minimizing, as much as is possible, the
nuisance that may result.
It should be noted that the size and location of the works was limited in order to limit the damage that
may be caused to the people who own property located in the project right-of-way.
2.1. Sources of impacts
The direct project area should include a 500 m corridor, i.e. 250 m on either side of the power line layout
and also a 250 m zone around the identified areas for the establishment of the electrical substations. This
area is considered as the direct influence area of the project and has been subjected to a more intensive
characterization.
A right-of-way area of 50 m wide was pre-selected in all four countries for the purpose of routing study
and selection of the preferred option. It is expected that this 50 m will be sufficient to meet the technical
requirements that 330 kV transmission lines must meet: (i) Noise level and radio interference; (ii)
electric and magnetic fields; (iii) Minimum clearance associated with driver swing in high wind
conditions; (iv) Safety release in the context of a tower collapse scenario.
Several activities in the construction phase could have impacts: clearing of the trench, opening and
development of access roads and the high-voltage line, opening of the layon, transport and handling of
equipment, installation of site offices and storage areas, installation of pylons.
2.2 Impacts of the project
- Positive social impacts
The positive impacts of the project during the preparation, construction and operation phase are:
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 9
Rural electrification has many benefits for the population, in particular the improvement of living
conditions, temporary employment opportunities for local populations during the works, the
consolidation and further development of economic activities and social services, etc.
The integration of electricity generation, transmission and distribution infrastructures will optimize the
use of the respective national energy resources.
The project help to balance the supply-demand of the two countries, but will also allow for significant
annual gains in production costs. The project will also provide significant economic benefits to both
countries, as it will contribute to the improvement of the population’s living conditions.
The project will enable urban and rural populations in the concerned areas to have access to electricity
at lower cost. It will boost artisanal activity and encourage the creation of small businesses. It will
support women's activity, create better conditions for the promotion of education and health, and slow
down the phenomenon of urban exodus. Thus the project will contribute to the fight against poverty.
The project has a regional character. It will contribute to promoting the development of cooperation and
will be a lever for sub-regional integration, thereby demonstrating the complementary nature of West
African societies and economies.
- Negative social impacts
The negative impacts on the human environment are:
In Benin, a small number of houses (7) and secondary structures (1) that are located in the right-of-way
will be demolished or relocated because of the optimization of the route. In Burkina Faso, a number of
houses (estimated at 306 on the 330-kV line and 334 on the 250-kV and 90-kV line sections) and
secondary structures (estimated at 673 along the stretch of the 330 kV line and 702 on the 250 kV and
90 kV line sections that are located in the right-of-way will be demolished or relocated. On the 330 kV
line, 12,309 trees are affected, while on the 250 kV and the 90 kV lines, 15 248 trees are in the right-of-
way. In Niger, there are 193 main structures (179 residences, 14 shops) and 38 secondary structures to
displace. Most of them are located in the Tillaberi area and very few households have land outside the
right-of-way to resettle on. There is, moreover, a tomb in the right-of-way of the project in the Tillaberi
region. The project affects a total of 295 trees including 233 PAPs’ fruit trees. In Nigeria, some 26
houses, 6 secondary structures and 5 community buildings located in the right-of-way will either be
demolished or relocated.
Impact on the health of workers and neighboring populations : During the construction of the
project, people looking for work opportunities could temporarily increase the population. In addition,
the influx of foreign workers into local communities may increase the risk of communicable diseases
such as HIV / AIDS. Accidents are likely to occur during construction work. In fact, construction sites
pose potential risks to nearby workers and communities, as they can arouse curiosity, especially among
children. The increase in traffic in the villages could also be a source of accidents. With regard to the
quality of life, the nuisances (noise, dust, air pollution and risks of accidents) of the inconveniences in
these rural areas.
During operations, the presence of power lines is a potential safety risk for people living nearby, where
people sometimes try to make illegal connections. Steel flights on towers can also pose significant safety
risks in the event of tower collapse. Health problems and exposure to the electromagnetic field are often
raised when a new transmission line is proposed. Based on a recent comprehensive review of the
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 10
scientific literature, WHO concluded that despite extensive research, there is no evidence to date to
conclude that exposure to low-level electromagnetic fields
is harmful to human health. A negative impact may, however, be felt by communities bordering the line
or substations and households having fields below the line in terms of nuisances, in particular by the
emission of a continuous noise which can intensify during the rainy season.
Social cohesion and gender relations : The distribution of compensation among claimants (e.g.
landlord, tenants, family members) can create tensions within and outside affected households. The
construction phase will mainly have an impact on communities and social cohesion because of the
presence of workers, the exposure of the population to different value systems that may conflict with
theirs due to the presence of different parts stakeholders (project managers, subcontractors, employees
and/or consultants); a sharp increase in cash flows in traditional villages or areas; compensation
mechanisms; increased activity near remote communities.
In operations phase, the project will allow the presence of workers for maintenance activities. Local
employment should be prioritized. The loss of crops (annual and perennial) due to maintenance activities
may affect women more than men. Indeed, women are usually in charge of subsistence activities and
struggle to provide for their household when crops are limited.
2.3 Measures to mitigate negative impacts and social bonuses
Compensation: Monitoring the implementation of the RAPs and the functioning of Conciliation
Committees. Since submitting evidence of compensation is a condition for starting works on the
concerned sections, it is important to ensure optimal implementation of the RAP.
Noise and nuisance: To reduce the effects of this impact, it will be necessary (i) to avoid night work;
(ii) ensure that the machines meet soundproofing standards; position workshops and basic life at
standardized distances from homes and schools; provide employees with appropriate PPE.
Health and safety of workers and neighboring populations: The contractor must also develop and
implement a Hygiene, Health and Safety (HSS) plan according to the international standards of OHSAS
18001: 2007. The Engineer will oversee the preparation and execution of this Plan.
The following compliance measures must be taken:
Compliance with environmental and social regulations: The project must ensure compliance with the
applicable environmental regulations of the concerned countries and those of the AfDB during its
implementation. As such, the ESIA, ESMP and CRP / RAP reports have been validated by the Ministry
in charge of the Environment in Benin, Niger and Nigeria. For Burkina Faso the reports have been
submitted and are being treated for validation.
Compliance with land regulations: As the project required expropriations, the resettlement plan must
comply with the applicable land regulations of the concerned countries. These elements are contained
in CRP / RAP prepared as separate documents.
3. ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
As designed, the executing agency for the project will be the WAPP General Secretariat. A Project
Management Unit (PMU), currently being set up within said organization, will assume the functions of
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 11
project owner and project management during the investment phase. The PMU will be supported by a
consulting engineer for the control and supervision of works, during which a resettlement expert
will be present to coordinate with each of the national electricity companies for the implementation of
the CRP in their respective countries.
In each country, the National Electricity Company, as project owner, is responsible for the
implementation of the CRP and its financing. Each of these national utilities will have a Resettlement
Specialist as part of the North Dorsal Project Unit.
The proposed organizational framework for the implementation of the CRP consists of the following
bodies:
Entity Responsibilities
Government of each country
Mobilization of funds needed for compensation
Signature and approval of documents relating to the financing of compensation
Ministry in charge of Domains,
Land Registers and Land
Affairs in each country
Signature of the DUP and delimitation of the project areas
Preparation of expropriation and compensation acts
Project Implementation Cell
Consulting engineer
Preparation of the work start calendar
Supervision of the implementation of the PCR
National Electricity Company
of each country
Implementation of the RCP in close collaboration with all relevant ministries at
national level and local authorities: Evaluation of losses and corresponding
compensation; Identification of PAPs; Signature of compensation agreements with
PAPs
Local chiefdoms PAP information and awareness
Conflict and Litigation Management
Participation in the monitoring of RAP implementation
Courts Settlement of disputes, as a last resort
4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
The consultation process that was conducted as part of the development of the ESIAs and CRPs in
Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria is in line with all concerned national legislations and the
requirements of AfDB (Operational Safeguards 1 and 2). The consultations were conducted publicly (in
the regions which will be crossed by the Project) and with the PAPs in a specific way.
4.1 Public Consultations carried-out for the preparation of the ESIA, ESMP and CRP
Reports
Four rounds of information and public consultation accompanied the development of the ESIA and RAP
for the North Dorsal Project. These occurred at key stages in the development of the alignment study,
ESIA, ESMP, and RAP, where stakeholder input was deemed likely to have the greatest influence on
the analysis in progress. Referring to :
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 12
- the environmental and social framing stage (1st round) in December 2014. Its objectives were to:
(i) Inform the relevant national authorities about the project and studies in progress; (ii) identify the
main issues, concerns and expectations associated with the project and the study area; (iii) Complete
the list of stakeholders and validate the master plan for their participation;
- Analysis of preliminary provisional layout (2nd round) March to July 2015. Its objectives were to:
(i) involve stakeholders in the analysis of "biodiversity hotspots and resettlement hotspots"
identified along the route in the study ;
- documentation of affected communities and displaced households (3rd round) September to
November 2015. Its objectives were: to inform the affected communities and involve them in the
optimization of the route; (ii) Document the concerns and expectations of the communities,
displaced households and especially women; (iii) Inform affected households of their rights and
options for resettlement;
- the release of the preliminary results of the ESIA, ESMP and CRP (4th round) February-March
2016. Its objective was to: (i) present, validate and improve the preliminary results of the ESIA,
ESMP and CRP ; (ii) Ensure compliance of the proposed measures with the requirements and
expectations of the authorities.
Some community meetings were also conducted in February 2017 in Niger, to assess the issues
associated with crossing two community forests for the last stretch. This included confirming that the
route can cross the village forests of Djandjaniori and Panoma.
In Burkina Faso, an information and public awareness campaign was conducted in early 2017 to ensure
a good understanding by the affected communities of the objectives and deadlines of the project, the
final route chosen and the main conclusions and recommendations formulated by the ESIA and the CRP
/ RAP.
Stakeholder groups targeted by the stakeholder information and consultation process included: (i)
relevant ministries and national agencies; (ii) the departmental and communal authorities and technical
services; (iii) customary authorities; (iv) the communities and households affected by the route of the
line and the location of the sub-stations; (v) NGOs and civil society organizations in the fields of nature
conservation, development and human rights.
4.2 Overall Results of Public Consultations
The main concerns and expectations raised during these consultations concerned: (i) the integration of
environmental and social considerations in the choice of the route of the power line; (ii) the provision
of the ESIA report and the CRP / RAP to the Technical Services after validation; (iii) adequate
compensation for losses caused and support during the relocation of PAPs; (iv) information and
involvement of customary authorities and communities in the compensation process and the planning
of works; (v) support for income-generating activities for women; (vi) access to electricity for
communities; (vii) the use of local labor during construction; (viii) the proposal for adequate
management measures that are adapted to the realities on the ground.
All reports have been submitted for validation and disclosure at the national level. They were the subject
of national validation workshops as follows: (i) from 12 to 13 April 2017 for Benin; (ii) from July 18 to
19, 2017 for Burkina Faso; (iii) from 14 to 16 December 2017 for Niger; (iv) in July 2017 for Nigeria.
4.3 Results of Public Consultations with PAPs
The main concerns expressed by the individually consulted PAPs relate to compensation and
resettlement arrangements. Many people question the effectiveness of the mechanisms that will be put
in place (valuation of goods and payment of compensation before displacement). Some cite other
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 13
projects in which the procedures have not been fluid (late payment of compensation for example);
Affected persons have expressed a sense of unfairness and
fear that these compensation defects will reoccur. The following graphs show the results of individual
consultations.
Expectations for the Project: As with the concerns, the expectations expressed during the public
consultations and by the individually consulted PAPs are relatively similar. The populations that were
consulted expect all the positive impacts of rural electrification. The inhabitants of the villages crossed
by the 225-kV Line Project which will not benefit from rural electrification will undoubtedly have a
strong feeling of frustration.
Significant improvement in living standards through rural electrification with :
- Access to consumer goods such as fans, refrigerators, lighting, television, etc.
- Improvement of the educational level thanks to rural electrification and reduction of illiteracy.
- Improvement of health infrastructures and care capacities.
Economic development of the concerned villages, including the development of income-generating
activities, including commercial activities.
- Transformation of production methods thanks to electric current (mills, hullers, welding, mechanics,
sawmills, boilermaking, etc.).
- Creation of direct jobs linked to the construction site (high expectations for young people) and jobs
created thanks to new opportunities related to rural electrification.
- Development of women's economic activities, with new opportunities (sewing workshops, etc.).
- Opportunities for better food preservation and food processing.
- Improvement of security conditions, notably thanks to public lighting.
- Better access to information.
4.4 Participation and public consultation as part of project implementation
This participatory approach will be maintained and strengthened during project implementation through
a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (PEPP) at the regional level. This PEPP will be implemented by each
of the national electricity companies in close collaboration with the PMU, the communities impacted by
the project, the local authorities, the authorities of the decentralized and/or devolved institutions. It will
ensure a dynamic of social peace and transparency. It consists of: (i) putting in place the complaints and
grievance registration and processing system, as well as the mechanism for grievance management by
providing all stakeholders or interested citizens with the opportunity to comment , to express their
concerns and by this same means, to access information and, where appropriate, to appeal and seek
redress under the review mechanism. Its good functioning, the rate at which it handles complaints of
different levels and the quality of the information which will circulate will be a gauge of the integration
of the project in the communities. A dysfunctional complaint handling system can quickly lead to a
serious deterioration of inter-stakeholder relations and cause blockages in the implementation of the
project. (ii) formalize partnerships, conventions and working arrangements with project stakeholders
according to the roles and limitations of each; (iii) Coordinate activities between different stakeholders;
(iv) Ensure the capitalization, sharing and dissemination of information to all stakeholders; (v) Support
actors in this process and, more generally, when monitoring.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 14
AfDB will also publish summaries of the ESIAs and CRPs on its website.
5. INTEGRATION WITH HOSTING COMMUNITIES
The principles recognized by the AfDB concerning integration with hosting populations are not
applicable because PAPs will not be relocated to another site in another village than the one they
occupied before displacement. This answers the concerns of PAPs who wish to stay in their village of
origin or residence. All necessary steps will be taken to respect this choice and identify appropriate
solutions with the customary owners.
6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES
6.1 Socio-economic characteristics of PAPs
6.1.1 In Benin
In total, out of the 52 households affected by the right-of-way of the power line, eight (8) main and
secondary structures are to be displaced. These structures belong to four (4) different households from
the village of Bodjécali. The project, which is covered by the current study, covers a total of 55 plots.
Among which, 49 are fields. No trees or structures are to be compensated. In two (2) parcels, trees will
have to be compensated because they are inside the right-of-way. One of the parcels has three (3) karities
while the other parcel has two (2) karities and nine (9) trees of the species: Diospyros sp. These two
plots are found in Bodjécali and Wollo
The heads of households affected by the power line are mainly men (76.9%). In the village of Dèguè-
Dèguè, however, the opposite is observed, whith 60.0% of the heads of households affected being
women. This situation largely strays from that presented by the control group, where it was found that
100% of the heads of these households are men. The vast majority of heads of households are married,
but the situation is divided between monogamy (46.2%) and polygamy (50.0%). The villages of Tassi-
Tedji and Tassi-Zénon are distinguished by a large proportion of widowers holding the position of head
of the households which will be impacted (20.0%). All heads of household affected by the electricity
project are Muslim, just as is in the control group. In addition, a large majority of these leaders have no
formal education. This is particularly true for all village chiefs of Dèguè-Dèguè, Monnin, Tassi-Tedji
and Tassi-Zénon, which is line with the portrait of the control group. While in the villages of Bodjécali
and Bodjécali Tounga, 17.6% of the chiefs reached primary education level, as did 20.0% of the village
chiefs in Wollo. Finally, 33.3% of Wouro-Hesson village chiefs attended secondary school while this
situation affects 13.3% of the Wollo chiefs. It should be noted, however, that 36.5% of the affected
households have received Koranic education; situation very similar to that found in the control group
(37.5%). While the majority of heads of households are of dendi origin (50.0%), a significant number
are also Hausa, particularly in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (47.1%), Monnin (57.1%)
and Wouro-Hesson (33.3%). In the villages of Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon, the majority of the chiefs
are Djermans (60.0%). A significant proportion are also Fulani (20.0%).
The members of households affected by the project are mainly young. In the case of the villages of
Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, Dèguè-Dèguè and Wollo, more than half of the household members
met are aged between 5 and 15, i.e. 40.3%, 54.2% and 44.7% respectively. In the case of Monnin and
Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon, it was respectively found that 45.7% and 41.7% of the household members
concerned are between 16 and 35 years old.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 15
Among the heads of households met, 90.4% have agriculture as their main activity. In the villages of
Monnin (14.3%), Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon (20.0%), several chiefs are for their part pastoralists – in
line with the control group while 62.5% of the chiefs are breeders - while in the
villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, a significant number are self-employed (17.6%).
The households affected by the project, for the most part, have a radio/cassette /music system (75.0%),
a motorbike (53.8%), a telephone (mobile or fixed) (44.2%) as well as a bicycle (36.5%). These four (4)
types of equipment are also the main ones owned by households in the control group. We also note that
several of the households in the Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon (60.0%), Wollo (33.3%) and Wouro-
Hesson (66.7%) villages have an electrical connection to the SBE, while none of the affected households
in the villages of Bodjécali, Dèguè-Dèguè and Monnin have any.
The residences of the households affected by the project consist mainly of corrugated sheets of iron
(73.1%) used for roofing, which is also observed in the control group (75.0%). As for the walls, these
mainly consist of earth soil in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (52.9%), Monnin (57.1%)
and Wollo (26.7%) - which is in line with the control group (62.5%). However, in the case of Dèguè-
Dèguè, the residences are mainly composed of mud bricks (80.0%). These mud bricks are also used in
42.9% of the residences of affected households in the Monnin village. Finally, in regards to the flooring,
the latter consist of either earth, sand and straw (44.2%) or smooth cement (53.8%). This latter material
is also the most popular among households in the control group (75.0%).
The sources of drinking water during the dry season are, in turn, very diverse. Large diameter wells are
the main sources used in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (88.2%), just as in the control
group (50.0%), while the whole village of Dèguè-Dèguè resorts to a protected source. Drilling is used
by the villages of Monnin (57.1%) and Wollo (53.3%), while running water (SONEB) is the main source
for the villages of Tassi-Tedji / Tassi-Zénon (80.0%) and Wouro-Hesson (66.7%).
As for sources of drinking water during the rainy season, rainwater is the main source used in the villages
of Dèguè-Dèguè (100%), Wollo (60.0%) and Wouro-Hesson (66.7%). Large-diameter wells are
important in Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (70.6%) and in Monin (57.1%), as was equally in the
control group. Finally, in the case of Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon, running water (SONEB) is used
(60.0%).
At the crop level, 59.6% of project affected households produce rice and all sell at least some of it. The
highest production is observed in the villages of Wollo and Bodjécali, where households produced an
average of 12,428.6 kg and 10,257.1 kg respectively over the last 12 months.
The households affected by the project right-of-way have on average one (1) plot, with an average plot
area of 15 225 m2. In the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, this area is 21 052 m2 while it is
only 5000 m2 in the village of Wouro-Hesson. This average area of total plots is significantly higher
than that of the control group which up to 5 006 m².
The vast majority of these plots used by households are cultivated (96.8%) and are owned under
customary law (42.9%). A significant proportion is also bought (23.8%) and a small number are
borrowed (14.3%), corresponding to 38.1% in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, and
20.0% in that of Dèguè-Dèguè. This type of entitlement is also that of the majority of households in the
control group, while 66.7% of households borrow the land from a third party; only 16.7% of households
hold a customary right over cultivated land.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 16
Only 9.6% of affected households get an economic development index of between 16 and 20, while
25% of households in the control group where found to be in this gap.
6.1.2 Burkina Faso
Overall, 829 households own 11 915 trees in the right-of-way. There are 118 households with 248 main
structures (houses, shops) and/or 467 secondary structures (sheds, granaries, etc.). There are 42
community sites, natural sites, sacred sites, cemeteries, and so on to be affected.
The heads of households affected by the power line are mainly men (91.8%). Nevertheless, all the
provinces crossed have households headed by women (8.2%). There are slightly more households
headed by women in the province of Kouritenga (14.6%). The vast majority of heads of households are
married. Monogamy (58.8%) is more widely practiced than polygamy (36.5%). In the villages crossed,
the number of widowed heads of household amounts to 2.3% - a proportion comparable to that of the
control group (2.2%). A very large majority of heads of households affected by the electricity project
are Muslim (50.0%) - more than was observed in the households of the control group (38.5%). It is also
worthy of note that a significant proportion are Catholics and 40.5% of registered heads of households
say they practice this religion. While the majority of heads of households are of Mossi ethnic origin
(68.1%) – like in the control group (70.4%) - just over a quarter of them are Gourmantché ethnic origin
(25.9%). In addition, like the control group, a large majority of these heads of households have no formal
education (87.0%). Only a few heads in the Gourma, Kadiogo and Kouritenga provinces have reached
a secondary education level, and 3.7% of Kadiogo heads have received higher education - a distinction
that is probably due to the presence of the national capital in that province. It should be noted, however,
that 13.1% of affected households attended literacy classes and 8.5% attended Koranic education system
schools; which is slightly lower than those observed in the control group (respectively with 20.7% and
11.9%).
The members of households affected by the project are mainly young. In fact, nearly 57.6% of the
household members met are between 0 and 15 years old. The largest proportion of the population is
between 5 and 15 years old in all the provinces affected by the project.
The households affected by the project have, for the most part, a bicycle (96.3%) and a telephone (mobile
or fixed) (94.5%). These two (2) types of equipment are also the main ones owned by households in the
control group. The plow (91.5%) and the radios/cassettes /music systems (85.4%) are also owned by a
large number of households. We also note that a very small number of affected households have an
electrical connection to SONABEL; corresponding to 4.9% of affected households. In the province of
Kadiogo, 14.8% of registered households have a connection, while none are connected in the provinces
of Oubritenga and Tapoa. The residences of the households affected by the project consist mainly of
sheet metal (79.0%) in regards to the roofing, which is also found for the households in the control group
(80.0%). The walls are mainly made of banco (67.0%) whereas the floors are made of smooth cement
in 71.8% of the cases - which once again, in both cases, is in line with results found in the control groups.
The households affected by the project mainly use firewood (biomass) as a source of energy for cooking
(96.1%) - like the control group (98.5%). The battery-powered (electric) lamp is the main source of
lighting for affected households in all the
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 17
provinces crossed (67.8%) - a finding that is also made for households in the control group (65.2%).
The main source of drinking water, both in the dry and rain season, is drilling, in five (5) of the six (6)
provinces crossed as well as in the control group. Only households interviewed in the Kadiogo province
use more tap water (56.8%) than drilling water.
Among the heads of households met, 93.1% are mainly engaged in agriculture - joining the control
group (93.3%). At the livestock level, several types of animals are owned and sold by households
affected by the project right-of-way. Timber collection is a major source of income for affected
households in all provinces, with 83.5% of households engaged in this activity. Small jobs are relatively
important for affected households, with 33.1% of affected households who see them as sources of
livelihood. In addition, money transfers are a source of livelihood for 23.4 per cent of affected
households; households surveyed in the province of Oubritenga are the most concerned by this source,
wherein 32.1% benefit from it.
Households affected by the project right-of-way average 2.5 plots, with an average size of 2.3 ha.
Affected households in Kouritenga province hold the smallest average area at 1.8 ha while it is 2.7 ha
for households in Gourma province. The average size of the 2.2 ha control group is halfway between
the two extremes. The vast majority of these plots used by households are cultivated (84.7%). If these
lands are mainly family fields (53.9%), especially in the provinces of Ganzourgou, Gourma, Oubritenga
and Tapoa, it is quite different for that of Kadiogo and Kouritenga where customary law prevails.
Finally, a significant proportion hold land which are borrowed in the province of Oubritenga (30.6%).
6.1.3 Niger
In total, 193 main structures including 171 residences, 14 businesses and 8 residences and 38 secondary
structures are to be displaced. Most of them are located in the Tillaberi area and very few households
have land outside the right-of-way to resettle onto. The project, which is the subject of this study, affects
a total of 295 trees in the right-of-way (132 trees could not be attributed to one region, however).
The heads of households affected by the power line are mainly men (99.1%). Only the localities crossed
in the Tillabéri region have some women as head of households (1.3% of affected households in the
Tillabéri region). The vast majority of heads of households are married. Monogamy (78.0%) is more
widely practiced than polygamy (20.2%). While the majority of heads of households in the project area
are of Fulani ethnic origin (67.3%), the control group is mainly made up of Djermas households. This
ethnic group is also important for affected households in the Dosso region. In addition, a large majority
of these heads of households have no formal education. In the case of Tillaberi, 1.3% of the affected
heads reached a technical level, while 5.3% reached secondary education level - 9.4% also reached this
level in the Dosso region. It should be noted, however, that 19.1% of affected households have received
Koranic education; slightly lower than the proportion observed in the control group (30.2%).
The members that make up the households affected by the project are mainly young. In the case of the
localities of Tillabéri, nearly 48.9% of the members of the households met are between 0 and 15 years
old. In the Dosso and Niamey regions, The majority of the population is between 16 and 35 years old ;
45.7%
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 18
and 55.6% respectively. A large majority of household heads affected by the electricity project are
Muslim (96.4%) - while households in the control group all practice Islam. However, some households
in the regions of Dosso (3.1%) and Tillaberi (3.9%) are Christians.
The households affected by the project have, for the most part, a telephone (mobile or fixed) (78.0%)
and a radio/cassette/music system (57.8%). These two (2) types of equipment are also the main ones
owned by households in the control group. The plow and the cart are also owned by a large number of
households, mainly in the localities of Niamey to be crossed through. We also note that a very small
number of affected households have an electrical connection to a grid; corresponding to 12.5% of
affected households in the Dosso area and 4.0% in the Tillaberi area.
The residences of households affected by the project are mainly thatch (49.5%) in regards to the roof,
while in the control group, wood and mud are the main materials used (46.9%). As for the walls, these
consist mainly of mud bricks in the localities of Dosso (65.6%) and Niamey (100%) - which rejoins the
results of the control group (75.3%). However, in the case of the localities of Tillabéri, the walls of the
residences are mainly composed of wood (38.7%). Finally, for floors, these consist of soil, sand and
straw (67.0%). This set of materials is also the most popular among households in the control group
(91.4%).
The households affected by the project mainly use firewood (biomass) as a source of energy for cooking
(79.8%) - unlike the control group whose households use of charcoal (45.1%) just as much as they use
firewood (45.1%). The battery-powered (electric) lamp is the main source of lighting for the affected
households in the regions of Niamey (50.0%) and Tillabéri (73.3%), while for the region of Dosso the
main source is firewood (34.4%). This data strays from the results of households in the control group
for whom the oil lamp is the main source of lighting (35.2%).
The main source of drinking water, both in the dry and wet season, is drilling, in all three (3) areas
crossed and in the control group. Indeed, this source is used by 59.4% of the households affected in
Dosso during the dry season and 56.3% during the rainy season; by 50.0% of affected households in the
Niamey region throughout the year; and 94.7% of affected households in Tillabéri during the dry season
and 52.0% in the rain season. It should be noted, however, that affected households in the Dosso region
also use unprotected water sources in a large proportion (34.4%).
Among the heads of households met, 30.9% are mainly engaged in agriculture. However, the vast
majority of PAPs are both farmers and breeders (59.1%) – in line with the control group (61.1%). In
total, 57.8% of the households concerned own cattle. In this regard, affected households in the Niamey
region stand out with an average of 24.5 cattle per household. For the other regions, the average number
of cows per household is between 6.5 and 10.2 animals, which is closer to the average observed for the
control group (4.9 animals). In total, 52.4% of affected households sell all or part of this livestock.
Timber wood collection is a major source of income for affected households in all regions, as 74.3% of
households practice this activity. However, it should be noted that only 2.5% of them sell, which suggest
the importance of the use of this wood by the households themselves. This proportion of affected
households is of equivalent importance to that observed in the control group where 75.9% of households
collect wood and only 7.3% of them sell it. Small jobs and money transfers are relatively important for
affected households in the Tillabéri region,
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 19
with respectively 21.3% and 18.7% of affected households considering them as sources of livelihood.
And to a lesser extent for households in Dosso, with 9.4% of affected households in this region who
derive income from small jobs and money transfers.
Households affected by the project right-of-way have on average one (1) field, with an average area of
55 619.5 m2 (5.6 ha). For affected households in the Dosso region, the average total area used is
81 689.9 m2 (8.2 ha), while the average area is 25,000 m2 (2.5 ha) for the households in the Niamey
region. The average size for the control group, which is about 56 377.5 m2 (5.6 ha), is close to that of
Tillabéri which is 47 874.2 m² (4.8 ha). The vast majority of these fields used by households are used
for crop cultivation (85.6%). If these lands are mainly owned under customary law among affected
households in Tillaberi (54.2%), it is quite different for the other two regions. A significant proportion
owns a lease or a certificate of ownership in the region of Dosso (71.1%), while in the Niamey region,
the affected households obtained the land, either by purchase (50.0%) or by lease (50.0%).
6.1.4 Nigeria
The heads of household of the affected properties are mainly men (98.8%). Women represent only 1.2%
of heads of households. The most represented ethnic group is Hausa (85.9%), followed by Zabarmawa
ethnic group (6.2%). The Fulani ethnic groups (12.8%) and Zabarmawa (13.8%) are more common
among affected households at Birnin Kebbi. Almost all households are Muslim (99.8%), with only a
small proportion of Christians (0.2%). With regard to marital status, the two categories encountered
were Polygames with 47.6% and monogamous with 46.2%. The majority of heads of household, i.e.
54.2% report having no formal education. The others attended primary (17.1%) or secondary (13.9%)
schools. The heads of household of Kalga are less educated with 75.2% reporting having no formal
schooling.
The main occupations of the heads of household are farmers (57.1%), public service employees (20.2%)
and other (10.7%). The vast majority of heads of households in the control group reported being Hausa
(86.9%) or Fulani (6%). They are largely educated because only 34.3% report having no formal
education, but 20.2% report having a secondary education level and 21.4% having a college education.
In more than 80% of households, the houses have a predominant roof of corrugated iron. The walls of
most of these houses consist of mud bricks or compacted mud (45.8% and 30.9% respectively), with
concrete and similar elements for the wall of just over 11% of houses. With respect to the floor, most
(55%) of the homes are made of earth, while about 40% of the homes made of smoothed earth (26.1%)
or cement (14.9%). The houses of Birnin Kebbi are more urbanized with a greater proportion of
corrugated sheets - they are made of concrete blocks, concrete walls, etc.
The predominant source of energy for cooking by households is wood (91%) while only a small
proportion of Birnin Kebbi's (8.2%) uses electricity for cooking. A proportion of 38% use lamps and
37% have access to the main electricity grid for lighting. Birnin Kebbi has a much higher proportion of
household uses (84.1%) for primary electricity than other LGAs.
The main source of drinking water is by borehole and represents on average 86% of all households.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 20
6.2 Gender disparities
In general, financial compensation often has a destabilizing effect, even breaking effect, within
households. Women PAPs are under pressure from those around them to share or repay the full amount
paid. As for the wives of PAPs, they are often excluded from decisions on the use of financial
compensation and may find themselves isolated, in a situation of impoverishment, after the husband has
spent all the money without providing for the household or abandoned them, with the children and
without resources. The increase in separations and divorces is a frequent phenomenon in areas where
financial compensation has been awarded. As a result, a series of measures must be put in place to
prevent these perverse social effects: information, awareness and social support. Women are eligible for
different measures in the same way as men.
In general, the negative impacts of the project on women will be mainly felt during the construction
phase. They are linked to the fact that women are mainly responsible for field work and crop production,
which is their main livelihood activity. However, during the operating phase, the outputs of the project
will significantly improve their living conditions by providing better social services, reducing domestic
tasks and developing income-generating activities.
In Benin, affected households include 229 women and girls (including women heads of household).
The latter are mostly young, while 84.3% of them are 35 years old or younger. Only 23.1% of the
households concerned are headed by a woman.
In Burkina Faso, affected households include 3 250 women and girls. The latter are mostly young, while
more than half of them (63.2%) are aged between 5 and 35 years old. Only 8.2% of the affected
households are headed by a woman.
In Niger, only one household, residing in the Tillaberi region, is headed by a woman. The affected
households are mostly composed of women and girls.
In Nigeria, affected households are made up of 1 534 women and girls, the majority (45.2%) of whom
are aged between 0 and 35 years old. Only 1.2% of affected households are headed by women.
6.3 Assistance to vulnerable people
6.3.1 Identification of vulnerable persons
Vulnerability of PAPs refers to the degree of exposure to the negative impacts of displacement,
compensation and resettlement: vulnerable persons may be affected more than other PAPs and lack the
means to cope with the situational changes brought on by the Project (physical displacement, loss of
housing and/or economy, loss of livelihood such as not being able to access a cultivated field). It is
difficult to establish categories of vulnerable groups because vulnerability is more likely to arise from
individual situations. However, several potential (and frequent) sources of vulnerability have been
identified during the socio-economic surveys :
In Benin, women are at the head of 12 of the affected households. No head of household is under the
age of 18. However, 23 heads are disabled or live with a chronic illness. In addition, 17 households must
be cared for by one or more of their members who have either a disability or a chronic illness. Finally,
40 households were identified as having a low economic development index (21 households between 1
and 5, 19 households between 6 and 10).
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In Burkina Faso, women are heads of households in only 8.2% (74 households) of affected households.
In addition, 28 heads of households are disabled or live with chronic illness. In addition, 71 households
must be cared for by one or more of their members who have either a disability or a chronic illness.
In Niger, only one household, residing in the Tillaberi region, is headed by a woman. In addition, some
heads of households are also facing a disability or a chronic disease, this number is particularly important
in the region of Tillabéri where 21 out of 76 heads are found to be in this situation - a proportion much
larger than that observed in the control group where 13 out of 162 heads of households experience a
similar situation. This characteristic is also found in four (4) heads of the 29 affected households in
Dosso, and one (1) of the two households in Niamey. In addition, several households also have one of
their members (other than the head) with a disability. Although the number is small, Tillabéri sets itself
apart by having nine (9) households in this situation. The studies only found one (1) case in Dosso and
eight (8) in the control group. Finally, more than 60% of affected households in the concerned regions
have no other plots than the one crossed by the right-of-way. In fact, of the 110 affected households that
responded, only 41 households had another plot than that found in the right-of-way.
In Nigeria, the most important source of vulnerability in terms of numbers is illness or disability of the
head of household or one of the household members.
6.3.2 Assistance activities for vulnerable households
Assisting vulnerable households affected includes the following measures:
• identification of vulnerable households and identification of the cause of their vulnerability ;
• identification of the additional assistance required at the different stages of the process with the
possibility of negotiation ;
• monitoring and continuation of post-resettlement assistance and/or additional compensation, if
necessary
• favorizing subscription to electricity ;
• other specialized assistance, depending on the demands and needs of vulnerable households.
The aid may include, as appropriate:
• assistance in understanding expropriation and compensation procedures
• relocation assistance ;
• help with the pre-schooling of children;
• assistance to social integration.
• Allocation of the equivalent of 1% of the total project cost to fund Development Support
Activities
7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK, INCLUDING DISPUTE SETTLEMENT AND APPEAL
MECHANISMS
7.1 National Regulatory Framework
In Bénin
The main laws and regulations to be respected are: the Constitution of 11 December 1990; Law 65-25
of August 14, 1965, on the system of land ownership in Dahomey ; the 98-030 of February 12, 1999,
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carrying out a framework law on the environment; Law 83-003 of 17 May 1983 on the Mining Code of
the Republic of Benin and its implementing regulations ; Law 97-028 of 15 January 1999 on the
organization of territorial administration in the Republic of Benin ; Law 97-029 of January 15, 1999, on
the organization of municipalities in the Republic of Benin, Law No. 87-016 on the Water Code, Law
No. 2006-17 on the Mining Code and Mining Taxes.
To these legislative texts, are added the most important regulatory texts, which are Decree n ° 2001 -
235 of 12 July, 2001 relating to the organization of the procedures for the environmental impact study,
Decree n ° 2001-110 of April 2001, laying down air quality standards in the Republic of Benin, Decree
2001-294 of 08 August 2001 on noise regulation in the Republic of Benin and Decree No. 2001-109 of
4 April 2001 fixing the quality standards for residual waters.
In Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso does have a legal and regulatory arsenal that obliges private or public project promoters
to draw up an Environmental Impact Assessment or Environmental Impact Statement and to request the
prior opinion of the Minister in charge Environment before any action. These texts include: (i) Law No.
062/95 / ADP of 14 December, 1995, the Code of Investments and Formalities in Burkina Faso and its
Implementing Decree No. 96-235 / PM / MICIA / MEF; (ii) Law No. 005/97 / ADP of 30 January, 1997,
on the Environmental Code in Burkina Faso; (iii) Law 006/97 / ADP of 31 January 1997 on the Forestry
Code in Burkina Faso; (iv) Decree No. 98-322 / PRES / PM / MEE / MCIA / MEM / MS / MATS /
METSS / MEF of 28 July 1998 on the conditions of opening and operation of dangerous, unhealthy and
uncomfortable establishments; (v) Decree No. 2001-185 / PRES / PM / MEE of 7 May 2001, setting
standards for the discharge of pollutants into the air, water and soil; (vi) Decree No. 2001-342 / PRES /
PM / MEE of 17 July 2001 on the scope, content and procedure of EIA and NIE. In theory, these laws
should contribute to ensuring a good assessment and management of environmental and social impacts.
The main problem lies in the enforcement that appears rather weak.
In Niger
The project is subject to the following policy, institutional and legal frameworks:
Political Framework: In environmental matters, Article 35 of the Constitution of 28 November 2010
deals with the protection and sustainable management of the environment in Niger. Indeed, it grants the
right to a healthy environment to every person and the duty of everyone to protect it.
The protection of the environment is a priority of the Nigerien government, which has expressed this in
several policy and program documents, which are essential to ensure development of these objectives.
These include the National Environment Plan for Sustainable Development (PNEDD), developed in
1998 and which acts as Agenda 21 for Niger. The objectives of this plan are those of Niger's policy on
the environment and sustainable development. The Ministry in charge of the environment, in relation
with the concerned ministries and institutions, must ensure that the international commitments entered
into by Niger in the field of the environment are progressively introduced into legislation, regulations
and national policy in the field of the environment.
Legal Framework :
Ordinance n° 93-015 of 2 March 1993 fixing the Principles of Orientation of the Rural Code
(POCR).
Ordinance n° 97-001 of 10 January 1997 on the institutionalization of Environmental Impact
Assessments (EIA).
Law n°98-56 of 29 December 1998 on the Framework Law for Environmental Management.
Law n°98-07 of 29 April 1998 setting the regime for hunting and protection of wildlife.
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Decree n°2000-397/PRN/MH/E/LCD of 20 October 2000 on the Administrative Procedure for the
Assessment and Review of Environmental Impacts.
Decree n°2010–540/PCSRD/MEE/LCD of 8 July 2010 on the organization and functioning of the
BEEEI and determining the attributions of its director.
Decree n°2000-397/PRN/ME/LCD of 20 October 2000 on the Administrative Procedure for the
Assessment and Review of Environmental Impacts.
Decree n°2000-398/PRN/ME/LCD of 20 October 2000 determining the list of Activities, Works and
Planning Documents subject to EIA.
In Nigeria
The requirements of applicable Nigerian legislation include:
The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 of 1992, which imposes restrictions on public
or private development projects without prior consideration of the environmental impact.
The National Agency for Environmental Standards and Enforcement Implementation Act, 2007,
which allows the Agency to enforce all national environmental laws and regulations (except those
relating to the oil and gas sector) and international treaties and conventions to which Nigeria is a
party. The Agency has promulgated 24 environmental regulations that prescribe pollution abatement
measures, thresholds and other safeguards for various industries, as well as noise and runoff from
groundwater and surface water, among others. These include (i) national environmental regulations
concerning the protection of wetlands, riverbanks and lake shores (2009) and (ii) national
environmental regulations concerning river basins, regions and hilly and mountainous areas and
catchment areas (2009) that have a direct impact on the proposed project.
The 2005 Electricity Sector Reform Act, which establishes the National Electricity Regulatory
Commission (NERC) and requires all entities planning for the generation, transmission or
distribution of energy (electric power) to include, with their applications, a certificate of approval
of the environmental impact assessment or evidence of the submission of the environmental impact
assessment report to the Ministry of the Environment or acceptance of the production of the said
report.
The national environmental policy whose objective is to achieve sustainable development for the
country and which aims primarily to a) create for all Nigerians a quality environment to ensure their
health and well-being; (b) preserve and utilize environmental and natural resources for the benefit
of present and future generations; and (c) restore, preserve and enhance the ecosystems and
ecological processes essential for the functioning of the biosphere and the conservation of biological
diversity, as well as for the adoption of the principle of maximum sustainable yield in the use of
natural resources and ecosystems.
The Land Use Act (1978), which recognizes the right of all Nigerians to use and enjoy the land and
the resulting product in sufficient quantity and quality to ensure their livelihood and that of their
families.
7.2 Applicable Regulatory framework of the African Development Bank
The implementation of the project must meet the requirements of the Integrated Safeguards System
(ISS) and in particular Operational Safeguard 2 (OS2) for involuntary resettlement - land acquisition,
displacement and compensation of populations. It aims to clarify all issues related to physical and
economic displacement which are not specifically related to land acquisition. The specific objectives of
OS2 are: (i) to avoid involuntary resettlement as much as possible, or to minimize its impacts when
involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, after all alternative designs of the project have been considered;
(ii) ensure that IDPs are genuinely consulted and given the opportunity to participate in the
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planning and implementation of resettlement programs; (iii) ensure that displaced persons receive
substantial assistance for their resettlement under the project, so that their standard of living, their ability
to generate income, their productive capacities, and all their livelihoods are improved beyond what they
were before the project; (iv) provide clear guidance to borrowers on the conditions that must be met
with regard to involuntary resettlement issues in Bank operations, to mitigate the negative impacts of
displacement and resettlement, to actively facilitate social and economic development; to build a viable
economy and society; (v) guard against resettlement plans that are ill-prepared or poorly implemented
by establishing a mechanism for monitoring the performance of involuntary resettlement programs in
Bank operations to find solutions to problems as and when they occur.
The implementation of the project also responds to Operational Safeguard 5, which deals with working
conditions, health and safety.
The other relevant Bank policies and guidelines remain applicable as soon as they are triggered under
the ISS. These are mainly: (i) Bank Gender Policy (2001) - Bank Group Strategy on Gender 2014-2018
(2014); (ii) Consolidated Engagement Framework with Civil Society Organizations (2012); (iii)
Disclosure and Access to Information Policy (2012); (iv) Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement
Manual for Bank Operations (2001); (v) Population Policy and Implementation Strategy (2002) and;
(vi) Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for Bank Operations (2015).
7.3 Complaint and Conflict Management Process
Principles
In order to be effective, to inspire confidence and to be used, the mechanism must respect several
fundamental principles :
Participation : Representatives of the various stakeholders participate in the mechanism, in particular
PAP representatives, local official and customary authorities. The mechanism takes into account gender
issues and encourages women's participation.
Background and Relevance : The mechanism is adapted to the context of the Project and is consistent
with local governance structures.
Security and confidentiality : All those who wish to do so can safely submit a complaint: the potential
risks for users have been taken into account in the design of the mechanism, and this guarantees
confidential procedures (confidentiality ensures the security and protection of those who lodge a
complaint and those who are affected by it, and this must be done by limiting the number of people with
access to sensitive information).
Transparency : Users clearly know how to access the mechanism. Its purpose and function are
communicated transparently.
Accessibility : The mechanism is accessible to as many people as possible, especially those who are
often excluded or who are most marginalized or vulnerable.
Main steps
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The complaints management mechanism relies on Local Resettlement Committees, composed of PAP
representatives, local officials and customary authorities. These committees are set up in each
municipality. The mechanism consists of two main steps :
The registration of the complaint or dispute on a register of complaints.
PAPs have two channels by which they can file their complaints :
File it with the Local Resettlement Committee of their municipality, which has a complaints
register.
Or, file it directly with the Project (the contact details of the Complaints Manager will be
communicated and posted in the relevant areas).
Complaints are handled in a uniform manner regardless of the channel chosen.
To manage complainants' expectations, response times are established and users are clearly informed.
The amicable resolution of the complaint.
Once the complaint is registered, the committee in charge examines it. The conclusions can lead to three
options :
The rejection of the complaint (option 1): Further explanations are provided to the complainant so
that he can understand the reasons for rejecting his complaint.
- If he accepts this rejection, his complaint is closed.
- If he disputes this rejection, the complainant may appeal the decision: a mediation body will then
attempt to reach an agreement or compromise between the various parties involved.
· If it succeeds => option 3.
· If it fails, the complainant can go to court.
Completion of a supplementary survey (option 2)
This may include, for example, a review by the CEC for a review of the assessment. Whatever the
conclusions of the investigation, it is essential to clearly communicate to the complainant the findings
of the review process and to keep him or her informed of the actions that will be taken as a result of the
decision. This additional investigation may lead to :
· A rejection of the request => option 1.
· A favorable opinion => option 3.
The favorable opinion and the signing of an agreement (option 3)
The complainant is satisfied that the complaint has been dealt with fairly and appropriately. All parties
involved in the complaint reach an agreement, which they will sign, and which the Local Resettlement
Committee will vouch for and also sign.
8. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
8.1 Institutions involved
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In Benin, new ministries were created with Decree No. 2013-319 of 11 August 2013 to manage all
matters concerning the energy sector in Benin including the Ministry of Energy, petroleum and mining
research, and of the Development of renewable energies (MERPMDER). Prior to 2013, environmental
and nature protection issues were the responsibility of the Ministry of the Environment, Housing and
Urban Development (MEHU). In 2013, the Government of Benin, with a view to achieving its objective
of giving a prominent place to the environment, created two new ministries responsible respectively for
the environment and the protection of natural and forest resources on the one hand, and on the other
hand, sanitation and improvement of the living environment by Decree No. 2013-319 of 11 August 2013
on the composition of the Government, namely: (i) Ministry of the Environment, in charge of the
management of Climate Change, Reforestation and Protection of Natural and Forest Resources
(MECGCCRPRNF); (ii) Ministry of Urban Planning, Housing and Sanitation (MUHA). These two
ministries have for mission to propose the national policies and strategies of development in particular
sectors of the environment and the protection of the natural resources and the framework of life and to
ensure proper implementation. In accordance with Articles 12 of the Framework Law on the
Environment and 1 and 2 of Decree No. 2010-478 of 15 November 2010, the Beninese Environmental
Agency (ABE) is a social, cultural and scientific office with legal personality and financial autonomy
which is now, with Decree No. 2013-319 of 11 August 2013, the MECGCCRPRNF. It is the body
responsible for implementing the environmental policy defined by the Government as part of the overall
development plan.
In Burkina Faso, several actors play a role in the design, coordination, application and control of state
actions in terms of safety, protection and preservation of the environment :
(i) Ministry responsible for energy with the National Electricity Company of Burkina Faso
(SONABEL) and its Standardization, Environment and Safety Department (DNES);
(ii) Ministry of the Environment. the Green Economy and Climate Change (MEEVCC);
(iii) Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization. It is the ministry supervising the
organs of decentralization and planning issues (Governorates of the Regions, High
Commissioners and Prefects, Town Halls of the Communes). It is responsible for ensuring the
implementation and monitoring of the Government's policy on decentralization.
(iv) National Bureau of Environmental Assessments (BUNEE). It is attached to the MEEVCC and
its mandate is to promote, supervise and manage the entire environmental assessment process
of the country. Its mission is to coordinate the implementation, monitoring and promotion of
environmental assessment and inspection policy. As such, the process of validating this report
and obtaining the reasoned opinion falls within its competence.
In Niger, the institutional actors involved in the project are found at the level of the central
administration, parastatals and private organizations at the level of the localities where the project will
be carried out. These include: the Ministry of the Environment, Urban Sanitation and Sustainable
Development (MESU / DD), the Office of Environmental Assessment and Impact Studies (BEEEI), the
Ministry of Energy and Petroleum , Ministry of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Ministry of Agriculture and
Livestock, Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Mines and Industrial Development, Ministry of
Employment, Labor and Social Security, the Ministry of the Interior, Public Security, Decentralization
and Customary and Religious Affairs, Territorial Communities, the National Council for the
Environment for Sustainable Development (CNEDD), the electrical company (NIGELEC), the Nigerian
Energy Council (non-profit organization); Traditional Chiefdoms, Civil Society Organizations including
the Collective of Organizations for the Defense of the Right to
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Energy and the Nigerian Association of Professionals in Environmental Impact Studies (ANPÉIE).
In Nigeria, the main institutions concerned are :
(i) Le The Federal Ministry of the Environment ;
(ii) The Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). TCN is responsible for the supervision of the
works and its Head of health, safety and environment will be responsible for monitoring these
components ;
(iii) The Ministry of the Environment of Kebbi State ;
(iv) The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA)
which is under the authority of the Ministry of the Environment. It replaces the federal agency
for environmental protection.
8.2 Institutional Capacity Building
Technical assistance is needed to strengthen the existing capacities of CRP / RAP implementation
structures, including ensuring compliance with AfDB requirements. The consulting engineer and the
NGO that will be recruited will take on this work. Training sessions with international consultants will
be organized for institutional actors involved in the implementation of compensation and resettlement
measures.
9. ELIGIBILITY
9.1 Eligibility criteria for compensation and general provisions
An eligibility matrix has been drawn up in line with AfDB’s Operational Safeguard 2, and the principles
of eligibility, compensation and assistance have been defined with a special focus on vulnerable people.
Eligible persons are men and women who are negatively affected by the project’s implementation and
who are in the right-of-way. By definition, a person is said to be negatively affected by the project when,
as a result of the project, that person loses revenue, property, use or other rights to a building, a piece of
land or any other movable or immovable property, in whole or in part and permanently or temporarily.
Eligible persons are therefore those who: (i) have legal rights to the land, including customary and
traditional rights ; (ii) do not have legal rights to the land at the time of the census, but have on these
lands or property a recognized right of enjoyment or certain claims; (iii) Occupy the land, although not
having a legal right over it.
The persons thus affected will be entitled to indemnities and compensation, that is to say that they will
have to benefit from measures to mitigate this prejudicial damage. These measures may be
indemnification or compensation depending on their occupation status of the affected area,
rehabilitation, relocation allocation, disturbance allowance.
Also eligible for compensation are the legally recognized beneficiaries of deceased persons in the time
interval between the time of the census of property and the distribution of allowances and compensation.
The people affected by the Project activities in the different components will have to benefit from
compensation calculated from a date called the date of eligibility for the allocation of rights.
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9.2 Deadline for eligibility
The provisional deadline is set at the end of the census of PAPs in each country, i.e. October 2015. The
final deadline will be set as a priority and carefully in the process of examining the declaration of public
utility that is in progress. Meanwhile, in all four countries, there is a corridor marking work with
immediate freezing of investments (construction, sustainable planting) in the demarcated area to avoid
further exposing the populations of the area. The deadline will be announced to the PAPs in a timely
manner.
10. EVALUATION OF LOSSES AND INDEMNITY
10.1 Compensation calculation method
The compensation principles will be as follows :
Whatever its form (in kind or in cash), compensation will be paid before physical and/or
economic displacement;
Compensation is calculated at the full replacement value of the lost asset (plus transaction costs).
The estimate is made on the basis of the adjusted legal scale of inflation, making sure that this
scale guarantees equivalence with the value of the market.
The updates are made on the basis of the inflation rate in the CEMAC zone published in the various
annual reports of the Franc Zone by the Banque de France, and in the estimates for 2016 and 2017
announced by the Bank of Central African States (BEAC).
10.2 Basis of estimation
Housing : The replacement cost of housings has been calculated taking into account the following: (i)
The value of the land occupied by the lease. It is calculated according to the area of the concession and
the price of the land as determined during the socio-economic surveys in September 2015; (ii) The
replacement value of the housing was estimated by the field crews according to several criteria (price of
building materials and labor, configuration, size and type of buildings).
Agricultural land : In agricultural zones, there is no firm acquisition of agricultural land for the creation
of right-of-way for high-voltage lines. Thus, according to the principle, agricultural crops in the corridor
of the line are not compensated because they continue to belong to its owner who can continue to carry
out agricultural activities, except that they are prohibited from growing crops more than four (4) meters
in height. The only area permanently lost by the households is the land under the pylons, equivalent to
60 m2 under each one. Since the different locations where they will be erected are not yet known, PAPs
affected by these structures are not known. The price of land, meanwhile, varies in the project area
according to the local land market.
Crop : Although it is recommended to construct the line after the harvest period, compensation for lost
crops must be estimated in order to predict the costs associated with a construction beginning before the
harvest.
Trees : The cost of compensating for trees, often referred to as the "replacement cost", has been
calculated taking into account agronomic characteristics (non-production period, period before reaching
full production) and economic data (price of plant, sale price of production, labor, etc.). Economic trees
identified in the area of the substation and on the line corridor will be compensated on the basis of a unit
cost corresponding to a
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 29
replacement cost calculated from field data collected during surveys and cross-checked with those of
the Directorate General of Water Resources and Natural Resources.
11. IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE RESETTLEMENT SITE(S), SELECTION OF SITE(S),
PREPARATION OF SITE AND RESETTLEMENT
As part of the project, affected households will be rebuilt within the original community. Land issues
do not arise. The exact site for each PAP will be determined and adjusted according to the preparation
of the implementation of the CRP even before the displacement of the households.
12. HOUSING, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
The water and sanitation infrastructures that are the boreholes and wells will be systematically replaced.
In view of improving the living conditions of the populations of the area, the project intends to allow
their systematic subscription to electricity and to contribute to public lighting in collaboration with the
municipalities.
13. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
The protection of the environment will be ensured in accordance with the Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP) contained in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).
14. SCHEDULE OF EXECUTION
The overall planning for the implementation of the Comprehensive Resettlement Plan is presented in
the below table :
Description of operations Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Constitution of the ad hoc committee
Capacity building of administrations
information and awareness campaign for
PAPs
Verification of PAPs and quick update of
socio-economic data of start areas
Verification of indemnity amounts per
PAP
payment of indemnity
Construction of houses
Assistance to vulnerable people
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Relocation of persons
Monitoring of CRP
Audit and impact assessment of the CRP
15. COSTS AND BUDGET
15.1 Cost of CRP
The budget including all the measures adopted in the framework of this plan, including the costs of the
implementation and the monitoring and evaluation of the operation, amounts to: (i) 33 743 850 CFAF
or 56 240 USD for Benin; (ii) CFAF 1 210 878 695 or USD 2 018 131 for Burkina Faso; (iii) 2 234
951 940 CFAF or 3 724 920 USD for Niger; (iv) 1,259,670,712 NGN or USD 6,323,966.
(1 USD = 600 CFAF)
Detailed budget of Benin
DESCRIPTION COST
CFAF USD
Compensation for crops (300 m2 per pylon for a crop valued at 385 CFAF / kg) 1 414 875 2 358
Compensation for trees 145 000 242
Lump sum monetary support for restriction of agricultural activities (60 m2 per
pylon)
380 000 633
Resettlement of main structures (houses) (includes replacement of structures,
compensation for relocation of structures and equipment (CFAF 20,000 per structure)
and administration fees and taxes (CFAF 100,000 per structure)
7 590 000 12 650
Resettlement of secondary structures 50 000 83
Income support during the move
($ 1 per day for 30 days to each household member who owns a structure
in the right-of-way)
540 000 900
Subtotal of compensations 10 119 875 16 866
Support to the accompanying NGO 21 600 000 36 000
Contingencies (15% of the RAP subtotal) 1 517 981 2 530
Compensation for access roads and labor camps (5%
subtotal of RAP)
505 994 843
Total du RAP/CRP
33 743 850
56 240
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Detailed budget of Burkina Faso
DESCRIPTION COST
CFAF USD
Compensation for crops 4 671 000 7 785
Compensation for trees 94 708 000 157 847
Resettlement of main structures (houses) 78 638 793 131 065
Resettlement of secondary structures 48 842 233 81 404
Sacred sites 12 650 000 21 083
Support to vulnerable groups 2 088 000 3 480
Resettlement Action Planning (RAP) – Outlying area
Compensation for crops 491 400 819
Compensation for trees 91 819 000 153 032
Resettlement of main structures (houses) 103 744 408 172 907
Resettlement of secondary structures 66 412 745 110 688
Subtotal of compensations 504 065 580 840 109
Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 546 000 000 910 000
Support to local NGOs 60 000 000 100 000
Contingencies (15% of the RAP subtotal) 75 609 837 126 016
Compensation for access roads and workers' camps
(5% of the RAP subtotal)
25 203 279 42 005
Total of the RAP/CRP
1 210 878 695
2 018 131
Detailed budget of Niger
DESCRIPTION COST
(CFAF*)
(USD*)
Compensation for crops (300 m2 per pylon for a crop valued at 250 CFAF / kg) 5 372 250 8 954
Compensation for agricultural land (60 m2 per pylon for a value of 29.345
CFAF / m2)
1 672 665 2 788
Compensation for planted and / or fruit trees 14 997 926 24 997
Resettlement of main structures (houses) (includes the replacement of structures (USD
539,312), to which is added the indemnity for the removal of structures and equipment
(CFAF 20,000 per structure) and administrative costs and taxes of (100,000 CFAF per
structure)
345 066 831 575 111
Resettlement of secondary structures
(attics, wells, water tanks, ponds, enclosures, mosques and graves)
19 765 667 32 943
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Resettlement of commercial structures (includes the replacement of structures,
compensation for the loss of commercial income (one month of revenue),
compensation for the relocation of structures and equipment (20,000 CFAF per
structure) and administration costs and taxes of (100,000 CFAF per structure)
7 466 111 12 444
Community structures (school washrooms, Integrated Health Center) 150 810 000 251 350
Income support during moving ($ 1 per day for 30 days to each household member
who has a structure in the right-of-way)
8 928 000 14 880
Support to vulnerable groups (USD 1 per day for 30 days for each household member
who has a structure in the right-of-way, where the head of household or one of their
members is considered vulnerable)
2 106 000 3 510
Subtotal of compensations 556 185 450 926 976
Research office or NGO 360 000 000 600 000
Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (1% of project) 1 097 754 000 1 829 590
Administration of the Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (10% FCC) 109 775 400 182 959
Contingencies (15% of the RAP subtotal) 83 427 817 139 046
Compensation for access roads and labor camps
(5% of the RAP subtotal)
27 809 272 46 349
Total of RAP/CRP
2 234 951 940
3 724 920
Detailed budget of Nigeria
DESCRIPTION COST
NGN USD
Compensation for crops 13 380 637 67 175
Farmland compensation 244 149 132 1 225 710
Fallow land compensation 27 979 868 140 468
Compensation for trees 1 065 950 5 351
Compensation of main structures (replacement of the structure, acquisition of new
sites, relocation benefits, administration fees and taxes) 314 753 000 1 580 165
Secondary structure compensation (attic, kitchen, drilling) 2 880 000 14 459
Commercial Structure Compensation (Replacement of the structure, acquisition of
new sites, relocation benefits, administration fees and taxes) 95 782 000 480 857
Compensation for community structures (mosques, schools, Koranic schools) 18 500 000 92 876
Compensation for Community assets (Natural area) 20 000 000 100 407
Income support allowance for resettlement (1 USD / day for each household
member for 30 days, for household with main structure) 1 697 099 8 520
Support for vulnerable groups (USD 1 per day for 30 days for each household
member who has a structure in the right-of-way, where the head of household or
one of their members is considered vulnerable)
466 105 2 340
Subtotal of Compensations 740 653 791 3 718 328
Management Unit of the implementation of the CRP 283 148 585 1 421 500
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 33
NGO recruitment for social support 30 476 070 153 000
Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (1% of project) 52 055 916 261 338
Administration of the Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (10% FCC) 5 205 592 26 134
Contingencies (15% of the amount of compensation) 111 098 069 557 749
Compensation for access roads and workers' life base (5% of total compensation) 37 032 690 185 916
Total RAP and FCC 1 259 670 712 6 323 966
Conversion rate : 199.19 NGN = 1 USD
1.4 Financial Plan
Institution Amount
Government of Benin 33 743 850 CFAF
Government of Burkina Faso 1 210 878 695 CFAF
Government of Niger 2 234 951 940 CFAF
Government of Nigeria 1 259 670 712 NGN
16. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
16.1 General Approach
Monitoring and evaluation are fundamental components of resettlement actions.
The purpose of monitoring is to examine what works or does not work, to identify difficulties or points
of blockage, to understand the reasons for them, and to respond to them with the appropriate
adjustments. It is carried out in three main aspects: the resources mobilized, the activities carried out
and the effects of the actions.
The evaluation, in turn, aims to verify whether the overall policy objectives have been met and to learn
from the operation to change strategies and implementation in a longer-term perspective.
16.2 Monitoring
Consists of an internal follow-up, with monthly, quarterly or semi-annual reporting according to the
indicators, of the use of the resources, the execution of the planned activities and the effects.
Monitoring of the implementation will be carried out by the PMU in each of the two countries. CECs
will be involved in the indicator survey and reports will be sent to them.
In accordance with ADB SO2, monitoring will include :
The availability of sufficient financial resources, as indicated in the budget, for the realization
of RAP.
Review of the grievance and redress mechanism.
The material progress of the impact of the resettlement action plan.
The following table provides examples of indicators.
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 34
Table : Tracking indicators for resources, activities and effects
Indicators Sources of verificatio Frequency
Resources (inputs)
% of overall budget execution (expenses) Internal financial documents Quarterly
% of implementation by budget line (amount of
compensation paid to PAPs, assistance to vulnerable
people, etc.)
Internal financial documents Quarterly
Activities (outputs)
Number and% of indemnity agreements signed with PAPs PAP database
Internal documents
Reporting from partners
Monthly
Number and% of complaints processed PAP database
Internal documents
Reporting from partners
Monthly
Number and% of indemnities paid PAP database
Internal financial documents
Reporting from partners
Monthly
Effects (outcomes)
Number and% of displaced PAPs PAP database
Internal documents
Reporting from partners
Monthly
Number and% of PAPs receiving compensation (by
category and with amounts)
PAP database
Internal documents
Reporting from partners
Monthly
Quality of constructed buildings PAP database
Internal documents
Semi-annually
Replacement rate of fruit trees PAP database
Internal documents
Semi-annually
16.3 Evaluation
- Internal evaluation
An internal evaluation will be conducted immediately after Project completion. In particular, it will be
necessary to ensure that :
• Displaced persons have been resettled, as much as possible, near their former location.
• IDPs enjoy housing of at least the same quality as their former habitat.
• Land security is respected.
• All due indemnities have been paid
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 35
- External completion audit
An external completion audit will also be conducted upon project completion. This audit will be
carried out by independent evaluators, demonstrating a solid experience in the field and if possible
knowing the specificities of Cameroon. In addition to analyzing the documents provided during internal
monitoring, they will carry out their own field analyzes by surveys of stakeholders and people affected
by the Project.
This evaluation should draw lessons that may be useful for the implementation of RAPs in future similar
projects. Moreover, as stated in AfDB’s OS2, it will have to "compare the actual situation with the
expected or foreseeable situation, including, in particular, the number of people affected, and examine
the assumptions, associated risks and those induced by the resettlement, as well as the difficulties
encountered ".
17. REFERENCES AND CONTACTS
17.1 References
This summary was prepared on the basis of the following documents :
Benin
WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Benin section, version de mai 2017, 452 pages ;
WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Benin section, version de mai 2017, 127 pages
WSP. 2016. RAP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Benin section, version de mai 2017, 283 pages.
Burkina Faso
WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Burkina Faso section, October 2016 version, 616 pages ;
WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Burkina Faso section, October 2016 version, 155 pages
WSP. 2016. RAP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Burkina Faso section, October 2016 version, 222 pages.
Niger
WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Niger section, version de May 2017 version, 723 pages ;
WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Niger section, version de May 2017 version, 270 pages
WSP. 2016. PAR Report – North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Niger section, version de May 2017 version, 400 pages.
Nigeria
WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Nigeria section, version de July 2017 version, 426 pages ;
WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Nigeria section, version de July 2017 version, 134 pages ;
SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 36
WSP. 2016. RAP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina
Faso- Togo/Benin- Nigeria section, July 2017 version, 248 pages.
17.2 Contacts
For any other information, please address :
On behalf of WAPP/ EEEOA
Harouna COULIBALY, WAPP, Resident Expert in Environmental and Social Protection, E-mail :
On behalf of the concerned countries
Benin : Sotelle HOUESSOU, CEB, Head of the Environmental Department, E-mail :
Burkina Faso : Sibiri J.B. COMPAORE, SONABEL, Head of the Standards, Environmental and
Safety, E-mail : [email protected]
Niger : Issaka HOUDOU, NIGELEC, Environmentalist, E-mail : [email protected]
Nigeria : Akande Joseph TUNDE, TCN, Assistant General Manager, E-mail :
On behalf of the AfDB
Bassirou DIALLO, AfDB, Côte d’Ivoire, E-mail : [email protected]
Raymond KITANDALA, AfDB, Côte d’Ivoire, E-mail : [email protected]
Modeste KINANE, AfDB, Côte d’Ivoire, E-mail : [email protected]
Pierre Hassan SANON, AfDB, Tunisia, E-mail : [email protected]