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THE ACTION OCCURS
Adverb Clauses
HOW, WHEN, WHERE, WHY,
AND UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS
Adverb Clause
A subordinate clause
A group of words that contains a subject and predicate that does not express a complete thought.
That modifies Tells how, when, where, why or under what condition the action occurs
A verb Action, state or relationship
is…
Look and See it, Listen and Hear it
Miss Marie talks about adverb clauses
Miss Marie teaches English in Canada, therefore her terminology is different.
Adverb clauses modify verbs only!They do not modify adjectives or adverbs.
Adverb phrases modify adjectives and adverbs.
The conjunction for linking the subordinate clause to the main clause is a Subordinating Conjunction, not a conjunctive
adverb. A conjunctive adverb is the type of adverb.
What it does
• Tells– How
Two people can enjoy a movie, if they can agree on what movie to see.
How can two people enjoy a movie?
if they can agree on what movie to see
Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.
What it does
• Tells– How– When
After we go to the store, we can have lunch.
When can we have lunch?
after we go to the store
Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.
What it does
• Tells– How– When– Where
Profanity is not acceptable where young children are playing.
Where is profanity not acceptable?
where young children are playing
Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.
What it does
• Tells– How– When– Where– Why
I am going to ask Sally to the prom because she is a pretty girl.
Why am I going to ask Sally to the prom?
because she is a pretty girl
Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.
What it does
• Tells– How– When– Where– Why– Under what conditions
If I get up late, Mom will drive me to school.
Under what condition will Mom drive me to school?
if I get up late
Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.
Linking the clauses
Subordinate clauses are linked to the main clause by Subordinating Conjunctions.
How When Where Why Under what conditions
since after while because unless
if before where although even if
in order that until where, wherever so that even though
whether when, whenever though provided that
as once than
as if while that
This is not an exhaustive list. Some of these words can be used to answer other adverbial questions. “Than” and “that” can answer adjectival questions.
How to find it
First find the verbs and the predicates.
Second find the subjects.
If the subject is preceded by a subordinate conjunction if is a subordinate clause. If the subordinate clause answers an adverbial question (how, when, where, why or under what conditions), it is an adverb clause.
Because we will be building complex sentences, this class needs to understand and identify adverb clauses.
Because we will be building complex sentences, this class needs to understand and identify adverb clauses.
Because we will be building complex sentences, this class needs to understand and identify adverb clauses.
Because we will be building complex sentences, this class needs to understand and identify adverb clauses.
“Because” tells why
at the endat the end at the beginningat the beginning
How it works - Placement
because they spend a lot of time studying.
Students with good grades get into less trouble students with
good grades get into less trouble.
Because they spend a lot of time studying,
Note: Capital letters were changed because of standard sentence capitalization rules. Comma was added after the introductory subordinate clause.
Main Clause
Subordinate Clause
Subordinate Clause
Main Clause
Which order is better? End with the more important idea. This makes the reader remember it better.
Separation by CommaSeparation by Comma
Marcel is going to ask the new girl on a date if his brother lets him have the car.
If his brother lets him have the car, Marcel is going to ask the new girl on a date.
How it works -Punctuation
A comma is usually not used if the adverb clause is at the end of the sentence.
If an adverb clause begins a sentence, a comma is used after it.
If an adverb clause begins a sentence, a comma is used after it.
A comma is usually not used if the adverb clause is at the end of the sentence.
No Comma here Comma here
Example of Explication
He read the passage as if he had done it before.
Main clause: “He read the passage”Adverb clause: “as if he had done it before”
tells HOW the action was doneHow did he read the passage? as if he had done it before
Subordinate conjunction: “as if”No punctuation because the clause comes at the end of the
sentence.
Your Turn
Find the adverb clause
What is the subject, predicate of each clause?
Which clause is the main, subordinate clause?
What is the subordinating conjunction?
What adverbial question is being asked?
When did Juan order the pizza?
after he found out what everyone wanted on it
Juan ordered pizza after he found out what everyone wanted on it.Juan ordered pizza after he found out what everyone wanted on it.Juan ordered pizza after he found out what everyone wanted on it.
Your Turn
Find the adverb clause
What is the subject, predicate of each clause?
Which clause is the main, subordinate clause?
What is the subordinating conjunction?
What adverbial question is being asked?
When will I give you a call?
when I get there
When I get there, I’ll give you a call.When I get there, I’ll give you a call.When I get there, I’ll give you a call.
Your Turn
Find the adverb clause
What is the subject, predicate of each clause?
Which clause is the main, subordinate clause?
What is the subordinating conjunction?
What adverbial question is being asked?
When and where will we cheer for Bob?
as he crosses the finish line
We will cheer for Bob as he crosses the finish line.We will cheer for Bob as he crosses the finish line.We will cheer for Bob as he crosses the finish line.
Your Turn
Find the adverb clause
What is the subject, predicate of each clause?
Which clause is the main, subordinate clause?
What is the subordinating conjunction?
What adverbial question is being asked?
Under what condition will you know how well you understand the material?
if your teacher grades your assignment
If your teacher grades your assignments, you will know that you understand the material.
If your teacher grades your assignments, you will know that you understand the material.
If your teacher grades your assignments, you will know that you understand the material.
Note: “that you understand the material” is an adjective clause because it acts as the DO to “know”.
Your Turn
Find the adverb clause
What is the subject, predicate of each clause?
Which clause is the main, subordinate clause?
What is the subordinating conjunction?
What adverbial question is being asked?
Why did she (Rachel) not go to sectionals?
When had Rachel broken her leg?
because Rachel had broken her leg
before the coach sent in the roster
Because Rachel had broken her leg before the coach sent in the roster, she did not go to sectionals.
Because Rachel had broken her leg before the coach sent in the roster, she did not go to sectionals.
Because Rachel had broken her leg before the coach sent in the roster, she did not go to sectionals.
Note: “before the coach sent in the roster” modifies the adverb clause “Before Rachel had broken her leg.”
See Note
Your Turn
Find the adverb clause
What is the subject, predicate of each clause?
Which clause is the main, subordinate clause?
What is the subordinating conjunction?
What adverbial question is being asked?
When did Alex understand the material?
When could he not remember a thing?
while he was studying after he played video games all night
Note: two complex sentences connected by the conjunction “but.”
While he was studying, Alex understood the material, but he couldn’t remember a thing after he played video games all night.
While he was studying, Alex understood the material, but he couldn’t remember a thing after he played video games all night.
While he was studying, Alex understood the material, but he couldn’t remember a thing after he played video games all night.
