A L A F A V E

THE 8TH LATIN AMERICAN CANDLE MANUFACTURERS CONFERENCE

JULY 05 – 08 , 2005HOTEL CROWNE PALZA

PANAMERICANO,BUENOA AIRES

ARGENTINA

THE 8TH LATIN AMERICAN CANDLE MANUFACTURERS CONFERENCE

JULY 05 – 08 , 2005HOTEL CROWNE PALZA PANAMERICANO,

BUENOA AIRESARGENTINA

A L A F A V E

WORKSHOP FOR VEGETABLE WAXES with SPECIAL

REFERENCE TO PALM WAXES for CANDLES

Author : Y.T.CHENG – Managing DirectorTROPICAL NETWORK SDN BHDLIPIDCHEM SDN BHD

Co-Authors: MAX BUDWICKLUIS F. RAMIREZof GLOBALWAX LLC

Malaysia

Malaysia World’s Largest Producer & Exporter Of Palm Oil

Typical Oil Palm Nursery

Typical Oil Palm Plantation

Fruit Bunch

Harvesting

FFB Received At Mill

FFB Loaded Into Cages Ready for Sterilization

A Typical Palm Oil Refinery

A Typical Oleochemical Plant

A Typical Bulk Storage Facility

Basic PALM OIL products

RBD Palm Oil

RBD Palm Olein

RBD Palm Stearine

Hardened Palm Oil

Hardened Palm Stearine

Uses of basic Palm Oil

Deep frying oil,Raw material for fractionation

Deep frying oil,Raw material for making specialty fats like chocolate fats

Making Vanaspati or Ghee, Margarine and shortening.Raw materials for fatty acids

For making bakery fats,Powdered fats for candle wax blends

Raw materials for emulsifiers, fatty acids, animal feed supplements,candle wax blends

UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL

RAW MATERIAL PALM OIL

RAW MATERIALS OILS/FATS

Basic Oleo-chemicals

Fatty Acids Fatty Esters Fatty Alcohols

Fatty Amines

Glycerol

Uses of basic Oleo-chemicals

Candles Plasticizers / Stabilizers for plastics. Cosmetics

Fuels, Lubricants, Grease, Plasticizers for plastics, Cosmetics

Prevent waterevaporation

Anti-slip,Anti-block,Water repellants,Foam stabilizer,Ore floatation,Anti-rust

Humectants in several end-uses

Derivatives Sodium and other metallic salts, MCT

Sulphon-methyl esters

Fatty alcohols sulphates,Etoxilates,Esters

Quaternary ammonium compounds.

Mono & Di-Glycerides, Polyglycerol esters.

. .Uses of derivatives

Metal soap, Washing & cleaning agents

Animal feeds

Soaps

Cosmetics,

Alkyd resins

Dyestuffs

Textiles

Leather and paper industries

Lubricants, Plasticizers

Washing & cleaning agents

Cosmetics

Washing & cleaning agents

Cosmetics Textiles

Leather and paper industries

Mineral oil additives

Fabrics conditioners

Mining

Roadmaking

Biocides

Antimicrobial

Textile and fiber industries

Mineral oil additives

Softeners

Emulsifiers in food & non-food applications

Cosmetics

Toothpastes Pharmaceuticals

Foodstuffs

Lacquers

Plastics

Synthetic resins

Tobacco

Explosives

Cellulose processing

Infant foods,stabilizers.&

What Are Palm Waxes??

Palm Waxes are products made from a variety of FRACTIONS from palm oils and fats and oleochemicals, suitable for making various types of candles….

OR

Palm Waxes are products made from Palm Oil and its Derivatives , suitable for making various types candles……

Fractions & Derivatives

THE PALM WAX FORMULATIONS INCLUDE :

Refined Palm oil , Hardened Palm Fats , Fatty Acids like Palmitic / Stearic / Lauric / Myristics, Esters and Alcohols

ALL INCLUDED in various proportions and according to the grades of waxes needed

T- Lights

Votives

Tapers & Pillars

Container Candles

VEGETABLE WAX PRICES

Current Price / LB

Soy Wax - USA 200lb 450lb 1950lb 10000lb

Container Candle $0.90 $0.85 $0.80 $0.76

( 50 lb Box )

Palm Waxes - average between $0.38 to $0.50

landed costs in US Ports

from Non Crystal to

Crystal grades

Blending With Soy Wax

Blending with Soy Wax is generally because of :

lower costs of Palm Waxes

the availability of Palm Waxes in a wider range of products & grades

Blending Improves PerformanceOf Candles

One most important improvement due to blending is the soot emission

SOOT TESTS confirm this

Palm WaxesThe main advantages of Palm Waxes :

“ READY MELT & POUR “

Do not need additives , EXCEPT Colours and Fragrances

Formulated to ensure easy Mould Release & Good Burning Candles

COME in the physical forms of :

BEADS & BLOCKS

Wax Beads & Blocks

Good Waxes / ConsiderationsGood Waxes alone do not guarantee Good Candles

The following MUST be given due CONSIDERATIONS:

WICKS

COLOURS

FRAGRANCES

Wicks

Good wick & bad wax

Good wax & bad wick

Do not make good candle

WICK : lifeline of candle , supplies melted wax as FUEL to the flame

CORRECT WICK selection - IMPORTANT

WEDO Wicks

Burn Test Boxes

Burn Test Boxes

Soot Test Results

Paraffin & Palm Wax Blends -Tapers

100 % Paraffin 75% / 25%

50% / 50% 75% / 25% 100% Palm

1

NO

2

3

4

5

CANDLE BLEND DATE

AV.FLAME HEIGHT

(mm)

AV. INSIDE BOX TEMP.

(deg C)

AV DISCHARGE TEMP.BOX

OUTLET (deg C)

BURNING RATE

(gm/hr)

WICKSIZE

100% PALM WAX 1701A

75% P/W 1601AP225% PARAFFIN

50% P/W 1601AP2 +50% PARAFFIN

25% P/W 1601AP2 +75% PARAFFIN

100% PARAFFINLIPIDCHEM

14/8

13-14/8

18/8

13-14/8

18/8

37

39

35

38

37

36.20

33.12

41.75

39.40

39.50

63.12

63.25

57.50

59.40

60.00

7.12

7.50

8.37

9.74

7.42

FD 3X10 STP

FD 3X10 STP

FD 3X10 STP

FW 3X10 NST4 ZW

FD 3X10 STP

REMARK: 100% PARAFFIN USE DIFFERENT WICK, IF SAME WICKS AS ABOVE FLAME WILL BE TOO BIG

Burn Test Results

A : 3 x 3 “ Paraffin Pillar

B : 3 x 3 “ Palm Pillar

COLOURS

ADDING COLOURS TO CANDLES : increase range of CHOICES for Consumers

CHOICES reflect :

Seasons

Festivities

Religious & Personal Choices

Fashions

Etc , Etc

PROBLEMS With COLOURS

When colours are added to candles – other problems will surface :

Darker colours will have higher risks to problemsPoor flameCrystal formation affectedColour migration

Poor Flame

Capillary actions affected

Colours ( in the form of dyes or pigments ) tend to block up the wick, causing

No supply of melted wax ( fuel ) to the flame or intermitten supply , causing

Flame to flutter or poor flame

Inorganic Pigments

Crystal Formation

Crystal formation affected

May not obtain the desired crystals

COLOUR Migration

Not all colours are compatible to all waxes :

• Some will migrate and stain packagings and / or containers

• Proper selection of suitable colours by :

“ Trial and error “

Process of elimination

Working with Colour suppliers

Migration

The migration of a dye is determined by

Dye itself

Wax

Fragrance

Shrink wrap

COLOURS For Paraffin & Palm Waxes

COLOURS used in paraffin candles cannot be used with palm to obtain the same colour tone

Two distinct colour tones will be observed for same dosage and same colour code used

COLOUR Comparisons

A : 100% Paraffin

B : 50% Paraffin/50% Palm

C : 100% Palm

Chemapol Green Medium

Bekro : Maroon 4620 / 34Bekro : Blue 5145 / 51

ITEMA

B

C

A

REF NO.A 380

CANDLE BLEND

PARAFFIN 100%

PARAFFIN 50% + 1601A 50%

1601A 100%PARAFFIN 100%

PARAFFIN 50% + 1601 AP2 50%

1601AP2 100%PARAFFIN 100%

PARAFFIN 50% + 1601A 50%

1601AP2 100%

COLOUR

#GREEN MEDIUM

BLUE – 5145/51

BLUE – 5145/51

BLUE – 5145/51MAROON – 4620/34

MAROON – 4620/34

MAROON – 4620/34#GREEN MEDIUM

#GREEN MEDIUM

B

C

A

B

C

A 380

A 380

A 381

A 381

A 381

A 382

A 382

A 382

FragrancesADDING fragrances is just like adding Colours to candles

Generally compounds the problems :

Poor flame and poor burn

Risk of sweating

Fragrances are often coloured , affect final colour

COLOUR Of Fragrance

Fragrance is colored and thus behaves like a color itself.

OUTLOOK FOR VEGETABLE WAXES

Two very strong reasons that have helped push the growing demand for alternatives to Paraffin Wax are :

1 High Petroleum Prices

During the last year the price of Paraffin Wax has increased between 12% and 17 %. There is little sign of slowing down

2 Ever increasing worldwide awareness of environmental and health requirements

OUTLOOK FOR VEGETABLE WAXES

IMPLICATIONS & FACTORS THAT HELPED REDUCE PRICE GAPS BETWEEN PARAFFIN AND VEGETABLE WAXES ARE :

closing down of some refineries

change in the way lubricating oils are being produced

increasing demand of waxes

OUTLOOK FOR VEGETABLE WAXES

1 HIGH PETROLEUM PRICES. What are implications ??Jun-04 Jun-05 Change

MEXICO MARKET PMT PMT %

Slack Wax ( 1.5-2.5 % Oil content) US Origin $515.00 $617.00 17FR Wax 58/60 ( Chinese Origin) $688.00 $810.00 15

US MARKET

FR Wax (MP 150-155F- Origin Japan) $1,063.00 $1,207.00 12

SOUTH AMERICA

58/60 Semi Refined – Chinese Wax $620.00 $720.00 14( Break Bulk Shipment to Colombia)140/145 ºF Fully Refined Japanese Wax $765.00 $900.00 15GUATEMALA

FR Wax (MP 125-130 F- Origin Japan) $745.00 $880.00 15

OUTLOOK FOR VEGETABLE WAXES

2 ENVIRONMENTAL / HEALTH CONCERNS

& NEW TRENDS

Ever increasing worldwide awareness of environmental and health concerns as well as new trends in candle appreciation for new products ….

This is a CONSUMER DRIVEN need !!!!

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSfor Pictures Used in the Presentation

Soctek Sdn Bhd

Felda Johor Bulkers

MPOB

Natural OleochemcicalsSdn Bhd

Bekro

WEDO

Lipidchem Sdn Bhd

Thank You

For your time and attention