Thanks JunaidNow, here is the overview of cement industry of pakistanoverviewfrom the time of independence of Pakistan, cement industry has progressed tremendously. Back in 1947, Pakistan had a total of 4 cement manufacturing units with approximate production capacity of 0.5 million tons per annum. The cement industry in Pakistan has kept taking turns where today there are 29 cement manufactures in Pakistan. Now, the total production capacity of Pakistani cement industry is 34.64 million tons per annum.Demand of the cement is also increasing year by year. Demand has direct relationship with production. As demands increases, total production also has to increase. Demand and production was on its peak in FY2014.ExportExport of cement across the border has also played an important role in the increase in demand and production of the cement. As exports are shown in figure, which indicates that exports have decreased over the years but it has a significant contribution in driving the demand of cement. Export markets for Pakistani cement sector are: Afghanistan India Central Asian States The major competitors of Pakistan cement industry in the international market includes: China Saudi Arabia Iran There are many untapped markets where Pakistani cement manufacturers can go and maximize their profit margins. Government should focus to avail these exporting opportunities. Trend analysisIn order to see the trend of Lafarge Pakistan Income statement over the period of four years here we have Horizontal & Vertical analysis. The analysis was made against the base year 2010 and changes were measured accordingly.

HorizontalThe analysis has shown that in past four years company had performed exceptionally well. The performance can be seen from many indicators been analyzed in the horizontal analysis. One of the key indicators of better performance is the increase in sales of the company as compare to 2010. The sales have increased by 13%, 40% & 50% as compared to that of 2010. Reasons; The increase in number of sales is because of the quality improvement in cement products. Lafarge increased its product base .The flood in 2010 also increase the sales in the coming years as people needed to rehabilitate themselves. Company from over past many years is utilizing efficient ways to produce its product that helped them reduce the COGS for the company. Though the trend is increasing but it is increasing in comparatively low rate then the sales hence increasing the overall gross profit of the company over past few years.The finance cost also shown a rapid decrease over the past four years. The reason for such decline is the ability of the company to pay off its debts from 2011 till date. vertical analysisIn vertical analysis it can be seen clearly that the company increase in the net sales had an impact on the overall performance of the company. The Cost of sales were more than 85% of the sales in 2010 but it has decrease significantly from that figure to approx. 69%. Another major decrease of 50% in finance cost can be seen from the analysis where the company had reduced it percentage contribution from 14.25% to 6.47% of sales. This resulted from the fact that company is trying to pay off its debt across these periods and are now relying more on equity. As the operating profit increases it also increases the tax percentages of the company.