Thai Land Flight Inspection

7/29/2019 Thai Land Flight Inspection

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History :History : 11stst Flight Inspection in ThailandFlight Inspection in Thailand

EarlyEarly 19601960s, requirement for U.S. military air force base ands, requirement for U.S. military air force base and

more navaids in Thailand leads to flight inspection requirementmore navaids in Thailand leads to flight inspection requirement

USAF transfer DCUSAF transfer DC--33 (EC(EC--4747) to RTAF for flight inspection use) to RTAF for flight inspection use

g t nspect on n tg t nspect on n t w t n a anw t n a an esta s e nesta s e n

22 AugustAugust 19681968 With su ort b USOM and CAAG coordinated with FAAWith su ort b USOM and CAAG coordinated with FAA

DCDC--33 (HS(HS--DOA)DOA) 11st flight inspection aircraft in Thailandst flight inspection aircraft in Thailand

ICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureICAO Seminar on Testing of Navigation and Surveillance Facilities and Validation of Flight ProcedureBangkok,Bangkok, 55--77 AugustAugust 20092009

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History : Early TimeHistory : Early Time

In an early time and with U.S.In an early time and with U.S.

support, U.S. Standards Flightsupport, U.S. Standards Flight

Inspection Manual Order OA PInspection Manual Order OA P

82008200..11 was used as guideline forwas used as guideline for

g nspec on s an ar sg nspec on s an ar sDOA Flight Inspection Unit hasDOA Flight Inspection Unit has

since followed FAA standards andsince followed FAA standards and

its changes for flight inspectionits changes for flight inspection

Also monitoring progress andAlso monitoring progress and

development of ICAO standardsdevelopment of ICAO standards

sincesince 19721972


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History : Transfer to AEROTHAIHistory : Transfer to AEROTHAI

Flight Inspection Unit andFlight Inspection Unit and

responsibility transferred toresponsibility transferred to

AEROTHAI in JuneAEROTHAI in June 20022002

Includes flight inspection aircraft,Includes flight inspection aircraft,,,

andand personnelpersonnel

AEROTHAIs flight inspectionAEROTHAIs flight inspection

based on ICAO recommendationsbased on ICAO recommendations With FAA Order as supportingWith FAA Order as supporting

guideline where necessaryguideline where necessary

and Thailand Flight Inspectionand Thailand Flight Inspection

continuescontinues


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Flight Inspection OperationFlight Inspection Operation

Facility Quantity Interval Remark

CAT I for most air orts

ILS 35 6 months

CAT II at SVB & DMCAT III for SVB 3rdRWY (Tentative)

VOR 36 12 months Mostly AEROTHAI owned facilities

NDB 35 12 months AEROTHAI owned facilities

Not AEROTHAI facilities

P PI 12 months Inspection for AOT, Bangkok Air,RTAF, Navy, and DCA Thailand

AEROTHAI owned facilities

12 mont s (ASR, PSR, SSR, Mode S)

Including RTAF Radar

Total fli ht ins ection time ~1 500 hrs er ear


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Operation : Radar FacilitiesOperation : Radar Facilities

Radar facilities include:Radar facilities include: ASR, PSR, SSR, SSR Mode SASR, PSR, SSR, SSR Mode S

Current 16 radar stations around ThailandCurrent 16 radar stations around Thailand

Coverage over BKK FIRCoverage over BKK FIR

urrent y rep ac ng most ra arsurrent y rep ac ng most ra ars

with SSR Mode Swith SSR Mode S

Radar periodic inspection for ATCRadar periodic inspection for ATC

Radar DisplayRadar Display


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Operation : Other FunctionsOperation : Other Functions

Instrument Flight ProceduresInstrument Flight Procedures

Research & DevelopmentResearch & Development

. .. .

PBN Implementation and UsePBN Implementation and Use

ADSADS--B ImplementationB Implementation (during study)(during study)


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Operation : Coordination with OthersOperation : Coordination with Others

Navaids EngineersNavaids Engineers

Procedure DesignersProcedure Designers

ATCATC

and most importantly,and most importantly, DCA ThailandDCA Thailand


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Fleet : Upgraded King Air HSFleet : Upgraded King Air HS--DCFDCF

Hawker Beechcraft King Air BHawker Beechcraft King Air B200200, HS, HS--DCFDCF

Upgraded for AFIS inUpgraded for AFIS in 20042004--20052005

conven ona nava sconven ona nava sflight inspectionflight inspection


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Fleet : New King Air HSFleet : New King Air HS--CNSCNS

Hawker Beechcraft King Air B200, HSHawker Beechcraft King Air B200, HS--CNSCNS

All conventional navaids flight inspectionAll conventional navaids flight inspection

Primary Flight Inspection AircraftPrimary Flight Inspection Aircraft


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Fleet : Support RoleFleet : Support Role

Remaining aircraft to support for miscellaneous use andRemaining aircraft to support for miscellaneous use and

support for NDB, PAPI and Radar flight inspectionsupport for NDB, PAPI and Radar flight inspection King Air King Air 200200/B/B200200,, HSHS--DCBDCB && HSHS--ATS;ATS; and Cessna Tand Cessna T--337337, HS, HS--ARTART


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Technology : Aerodata AFISTechnology : Aerodata AFIS

Aerodata/Normarc AutomaticAerodata/Normarc Automatic

Flight Inspection SystemFlight Inspection System

Installed on HSInstalled on HS--DCF & HSDCF & HS--CNSCNS

Positioning Fixing System :Positioning Fixing System :

ICAO/FAA StandardsICAO/FAA Standards

capa ecapa e


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Technology : AFIS RNAV ModeTechnology : AFIS RNAV Mode

Flyability as main purpose of PBN validationFlyability as main purpose of PBN validation

investigationinvestigation RNAV ModeRNAV Mode GNSS Parameters per ICAO/FAA StandardsGNSS Parameters per ICAO/FAA Standards

ross rac stanceross rac stance Active WayActive Way--PointerPointer

Distance / Bearing To Active WayDistance / Bearing To Active Way--PointPoint

. .. .

Minimum CarrierMinimum Carrier--ToTo--Noise Density RatioNoise Density Ratio

HDOP / VDOP / HFOM / HILHDOP / VDOP / HFOM / HIL

Date and Time (UTC or GPS)Date and Time (UTC or GPS)

GNSS PositionGNSS Position

Receiver Interference FlagReceiver Interference Flag Spectrum Analyzer MeasurementsSpectrum Analyzer Measurements

VOR/DME Si nal LevelVOR/DME Si nal Level


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Technology : Reference SystemTechnology : Reference System

AFIS support DGPS or DRTT for reference systemAFIS support DGPS or DRTT for reference system DRTT has been and presently used as main position reference systemDRTT has been and presently used as main position reference system

unct on a so ava a eunct on a so ava a e


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Technology : DGPS ProjectTechnology : DGPS Project

Drawback of DRTTDrawback of DRTT Easily affected by visibility or weather conditionEasily affected by visibility or weather condition

Locat on o t eo o te may e m te y groun space ava a tyLocat on o t eo o te may e m te y groun space ava a ty

Locating theodolite position requires entering into runway vicinityLocating theodolite position requires entering into runway vicinity

AEROTHAI undergoing project to use DGPS as main systemAEROTHAI undergoing project to use DGPS as main system DGPS coordinate surve of all air ortsDGPS coordinate surve of all air orts

Comparison between flight inspection result obtained from DRTT vs DGPSComparison between flight inspection result obtained from DRTT vs DGPS


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Crews : Flight Inspection PilotCrews : Flight Inspection Pilot

Thousands of flight inspection hoursThousands of flight inspection hours

3030 years of flight inspection experienceyears of flight inspection experience


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Crews : AFIS OperatorCrews : AFIS Operator

Experience with several FIS modelExperience with several FIS model

3030 years of flight inspection experienceyears of flight inspection experience

overseas exper enceoverseas exper ence


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Crews : Attending IFISCrews : Attending IFIS

International Flight Inspection Symposium (IFIS)International Flight Inspection Symposium (IFIS) Help organized by International Committee for Airspace Standards and CalibrationHelp organized by International Committee for Airspace Standards and Calibration

,,

Held once every 2 yearsHeld once every 2 years

To promote continuity in exchange of regulatory, technical, operational and commercialTo promote continuity in exchange of regulatory, technical, operational and commercialn orma on n g nspec onn orma on n g nspec on

Personnel regularly attending IFIS; Previous attendancePersonnel regularly attending IFIS; Previous attendance 1313thth IFIS2004 Meetin Tomorrows Challen es throu h Innovation CanadaIFIS2004 Meetin Tomorrows Challen es throu h Innovation Canada

1414thth IFIS2006 Sharing the Flight Inspection Experience, FranceIFIS2006 Sharing the Flight Inspection Experience, France

1515thth IFIS2008 Shaping Aerospace Flight Inspection for the Future, U.S.A.IFIS2008 Shaping Aerospace Flight Inspection for the Future, U.S.A.


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Support FunctionsSupport Functions

Calibration / Laboratory FunctionCalibration / Laboratory Function Routine inRoutine in--house AFIS calibration i.a.w. with manufacturer instructionhouse AFIS calibration i.a.w. with manufacturer instruction

tr ct ca rat on y serv ce center tr ct ca rat on y serv ce center

Aircraft Maintenance FunctionAircraft Maintenance Function --, ,, ,

Spare parts in stock, ready for useSpare parts in stock, ready for use

Flight Operation FunctionFlight Operation Function Flight plan, weight & balance, handling coordination, etc.Flight plan, weight & balance, handling coordination, etc.


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Oversea Flight Inspection ExperienceOversea Flight Inspection Experience

SinceSince 19701970s, Flight Inspection Unit has provided flights, Flight Inspection Unit has provided flight

inspection support toinspection support to neighboringneighboring countriescountries

Other than its owned facilities, AEROTHAI has been providingOther than its owned facilities, AEROTHAI has been providing

service to other inservice to other in--country organization incl overseas customerscountry organization incl overseas customers

ICAO AssemblyICAO Assembly 3333rdrd Session:Session: States are also urged to establish their own flight test units, establish joint units with States are also urged to establish their own flight test units, establish joint units with

o er a es or conc u e agreemen s o ave g es per orme on e r e a wo er a es or conc u e agreemen s o ave g es per orme on e r e a w

States or agencies that have suitable facilities.States or agencies that have suitable facilities.

Services includes:Services includes: Site Evaluation, Commissioning, Periodic Inspection, Special Inspection, Training &Site Evaluation, Commissioning, Periodic Inspection, Special Inspection, Training &

ConsultingConsulting

PBN Im lementationPBN Im lementation feasibilit stud ro ect lannin GNSS erformance WGSfeasibilit stud ro ect lannin GNSS erformance WGS--8484 survey, RAIM prediction, flight validation, signal monitor & archival)survey, RAIM prediction, flight validation, signal monitor & archival)

Overseas Customers includes:Overseas Customers includes: Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, TaiwanBhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan


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Standards & ExperienceStandards & Experience

Recommendations by AnnexRecommendations by Annex 1010 & Doc& Doc 80718071 AEROTHAI carries out flight inspection i.a.w. the recommendationsAEROTHAI carries out flight inspection i.a.w. the recommendations

a an regu ates proce ures, resu t, an approva process .a.w. t e samea an regu ates proce ures, resu t, an approva process .a.w. t e same

ICAO Recommendations therefore not simply guidance, but areICAO Recommendations therefore not simply guidance, but are

Despite of being the same, sometimes the recommendations areDespite of being the same, sometimes the recommendations are

Although it has no effect on safety, but this different interpretation may lead to delay inAlthough it has no effect on safety, but this different interpretation may lead to delay in

analyzing result, or it being inconsistent to the true intention of the recommendationsanalyzing result, or it being inconsistent to the true intention of the recommendations

Base on AEROTHAIs experience, some examples of the possibleBase on AEROTHAIs experience, some examples of the possible

different interpretations are:different interpretations are:,, .. ..

CASECASE 22 : Modulation Level of: Modulation Level of 99609960 Subcarrier (DVOR), SectionSubcarrier (DVOR), Section 22..33..1717 CASECASE 33 : Roughness & Scalloping and: Roughness & Scalloping and 9595% probability (DVOR), Section% probability (DVOR), Section 22..33..1313

,,


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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 11 -- Alignment MonitorAlignment Monitor

SectionSection 44..33..3838 a)a)

Alignment monitor (Localizer):Alignment monitor (Localizer):

44..33..3838 Localizer course alignment andLocalizer course alignment and

displacement sensitivity monitors may bedisplacement sensitivity monitors may be..

suggested method of flight inspection issuggested method of flight inspection is

given below: a) Alignment monitor. given below: a) Alignment monitor.

ter t e course as een rea uste to ater t e course as een rea uste to a

normal operating condition, its alignmentnormal operating condition, its alignment

should beshould be confirmedconfirmed..

Note: This procedure is after CourseNote: This procedure is after Course

Ali nment Accurac rocedure in SectionAli nment Accurac rocedure in Section44..33..2626


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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 11 -- Alignment MonitorAlignment Monitor

Procedure:Procedure: Park aircraft at RWY THR at C/LPark aircraft at RWY THR at C/L pera or recor ourse gnmen or as s own n ar ecor er or re erencepera or recor ourse gnmen or as s own n ar ecor er or re erence

Technician adjust LLZ to shift Course signal toTechnician adjust LLZ to shift Course signal to 9090Hz &Hz &150150Hz side until monitorHz side until monitor

alarms; Operator examine the shifted Course against tolerance limitalarms; Operator examine the shifted Course against tolerance limit

sa s ac ory, ec n c an resa s ac ory, ec n c an re--a us o s ourse o oppos e rec on una us o s ourse o oppos e rec on un

alarm; repeat the examination of shifted Course against tolerancealarm; repeat the examination of shifted Course against tolerance

If satisfactory, Operator record result in Chart RecorderIf satisfactory, Operator record result in Chart Recorder

--

Monitor Check procedureMonitor Check procedure

Finally, Operator confirm AlignmentFinally, Operator confirm Alignment

Possible issues arise from different interpretation of confirmPossible issues arise from different interpretation of confirm

Remain on ground at THR C/L and verify that Course DeviationRemain on ground at THR C/L and verify that Course Deviation

reading are not different; orreading are not different; or

Takeoff and repeat Course Alignment Accuracy again withTakeoff and repeat Course Alignment Accuracy again with

normal ILS approachnormal ILS approach


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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 22 -- 99609960 SubcarrierSubcarrier

SectionSection 22..33..1717

Modulation DVOR :Modulation DVOR :

22..33..1717 The modulation ofThe modulation of

thethe 3030 Hz reference,Hz reference, 3030 HzHzvaria e anvaria e an HzHz

subcarriersubcarriershould beshould be

measured during the flightmeasured during the flight

inspection. Note that the rolesinspection. Note that the roles

of the FM and AM signals areof the FM and AM signals are

reversed between the CVORreversed between the CVOR

and the DVOR.and the DVOR.


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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 22 99609960 SubcarrierSubcarrier

DocDoc 80718071 states Modulation ofstates Modulation of 99609960 Subcarrier to beSubcarrier to be 3030 22%%

Mod Level obtained by sampling reading at everyMod Level obtained by sampling reading at every 1010 around VOR around VOR Then ensure that average or mean value are withinThen ensure that average or mean value are within 3030 22% of each Transmitter% of each Transmitter

If Mean value is aboveIf Mean value is above 3030 22% VOR will be ad usted b Technician & re eat rocess% VOR will be ad usted b Technician & re eat rocess

If presence of surrounding obstacle may result in multipath ofIf presence of surrounding obstacle may result in multipath of99609960 Subcarrier si nal ma result in > or or < 3030 22% in% in somesome

Radial or Sector, while Mean Value is within toleranceRadial or Sector, while Mean Value is within tolerance e.g.e.g. 3434--3535% higher, or% higher, or 2424--2525% lower in particular Radial or Sector% lower in particular Radial or Sector

, ,, ,

Note:Note: 99609960 Subcarrier signal is a carrierSubcarrier signal is a carrier.. After going through the Discriminator, it becomesAfter going through the Discriminator, it becomes

3030Hz FM or Sine waveHz FM or Sine wave 3030Hz Reference. Therefore even ifHz Reference. Therefore even if 99609960 Subcarrier Level isSubcarrier Level is

changed to exceed its limit, circuit & system within facility also Limiter to preserve thechanged to exceed its limit, circuit & system within facility also Limiter to preserve the

amplitude at all time.amplitude at all time.


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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 33 -- 9595% Probability% Probability

SectionSection 22..33..1313

Rou hness and Scallo in andRou hness and Scallo in and

9595% probability (DVOR):% probability (DVOR):

22..33..1313 Scalloping is a cyclicScalloping is a cyclic

deviation of the course line. Thedeviation of the course line. The

frequency is high enough so that thefrequency is high enough so that the

deviation is avera ed out and will notdeviation is avera ed out and will not

cause aircraft displacement.cause aircraft displacement.

Roughness is a ragged irregularRoughness is a ragged irregular

..

deviations of the course due todeviations of the course due to

roughness, scalloping orroughness, scalloping or

com na ons ereo s ou nocom na ons ereo s ou no

exceedexceed 33..00" from the average course." from the average course.


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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 33 -- 9595% Probability% Probability

DocDoc 80718071 states Roughness and Scalloping Error to be no morestates Roughness and Scalloping Error to be no more

thanthan 33 from Average Course from Average Course

For VOR not situated in flat area, signal broadcasted reflectedFor VOR not situated in flat area, signal broadcasted reflected

from terrain of different heightfrom terrain of different height

Thus, it is normal for Roughness and Scalloping to be higher than recommended valueThus, it is normal for Roughness and Scalloping to be higher than recommended valuebut only in a very brief periodbut only in a very brief period

When comparing to aircraft speed, such brief excess of tolerance should not affect theWhen comparing to aircraft speed, such brief excess of tolerance should not affect the

flightflight maybe CDI needle deviating rapidly, or have Flag in View only very brieflymaybe CDI needle deviating rapidly, or have Flag in View only very briefly

Nonetheless, when it exceeds tolerance limit, it is necessary to follow reportingNonetheless, when it exceeds tolerance limit, it is necessary to follow reporting

procedure by specifying Restricted status in the particular area that is out of toleranceprocedure by specifying Restricted status in the particular area that is out of tolerance

In case of ILS, if Course / Path is out of tolerance in some period,In case of ILS, if Course / Path is out of tolerance in some period,

AnnexAnnex 1010 (Attachment C Figure C(Attachment C Figure C--22)) states that when evaluating statusstates that when evaluating status

(Restricted or not),(Restricted or not), 9595% Probability should be considered first% Probability should be considered first

For VORFor VOR nonnon--precision aidprecision aid-- 9595% Probability can be applied for% Probability can be applied for

VOR Course also?VOR Course also?


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Experience : CaseExperience : Case 44 -- UncertaintyUncertainty

DocDoc 80718071 states tolerance for recommended valuesstates tolerance for recommended values

Example: For ILS Cat I Alignment, Monitor must alarm for a shift inExample: For ILS Cat I Alignment, Monitor must alarm for a shift in

main course line from RWY C/L at or more thanmain course line from RWY C/L at or more than 1010..55 m at ILSm at ILSreference datumreference datum with uncertainty ofwith uncertainty of 22 mm

Monitor alarm atMonitor alarm at 99 mm acceptable?acceptable?


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THE ENDTHE END

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

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Thai Land Flight Inspection