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TRU'ONG £)~I HQC CONG NGHlep THl)'C PHAM Tp HCM

KHOA CCNG NGHe THl!C PHAM

GIAo TRINH THUC HANH

PHA CHE HOA CHAT

HE CAD DANG NGHE KIEM NGHIEM• •

Bien soan : ThS.Truong BachChi~n

Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, 2 - 2011



TRUifNG D41 H(JC CONG NGHIQP TH1/C PHAM KHOA CONG NGHQ TH1/C PHAM

•~

CU6n giao trinh tlnrc n a h@~ chdt nay duoc bien

soan dua tren cac tai u e 'T@WI' A9AC, ISO, va cac

bai giang cua chfnh tac gi . .. co sy dieu chinh phil hop

voi trinh dQ, thi@tbi, nhu cdu tn\t~~~ 6 ti@tqui dinh cua

chirong trmh dao tao ngh@ ki@m~n{;.i~m lUong thirc thuc

pham tai Khoa cong nghe thirc pha. ~

Do dinh huong cua nha tnrong la ren 'bty~n t .

sinh vi en va giiip cho sinh vien n~m b~t ngay VH(C

ngay sau khi ra tnrong, nen cU6n giao trinh tlnrc hanh dbi

hoi cac sinh vien phai nam vfmg qui trinh, bi@t s~p x@p

hop If cong viec, thao tac nhanh nhen, chfnh xac thl moi

thu duoc k@tqua t6t sau khi hoan tdt hoc phdn nay.

Rdt mong su dong gop y ki@ncua cac thdy co dAng nghiepva cac cdp lanh dao d@quyen giao trinh tlnrc t~p nay ngay

cang hoan thien, dap irng dugc yeu cdu nang cao chdt

hrong hoc t~p cho sinh vien,

LmMaDAU

Xin chan thanh cam on.

MQi Y ki@ndong gop xin goi v@:

Truong Bach Chien - Khoa Cong ngh~ Thuc Pham - Truong Dai hoc Cong

Nghiep Tlnrc Pham TpHCM - s6 140 Le Trong Tdn Tan Plni TpHCM

Email: [email protected]

2

Bien soan: ThS. Truong Bach Chi2n

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




N()J QUY PHONG THi NGHLQM

1.

2. Vi h9Cdung gio, sinh vien di tr

3 .

~

4. Sinh vien chin trach nhiem v8 cac dung cu, t!nt~ . "gc giao khi vao1 1 1 .

phong thf nghiem, N6u lam htr hong, SV phai cn!1':l~n 1 : j Q . eho...CBPTN,

va bi GVHD tn r di@mbai tlnrc hanh d6

5. Khi thirc t~p, phai tuyet d6i gift im l~ng, khong duoc n6i IOn tieng, hut

thuoc la, 6n ao, lam mdt tr~t tu trong phong thf nghiem

6. Khi pha mfiu, dun tren b6p di~n c6 mui, hay phai lam vi~c voi acid d~c,

kiem d~c, cac dung moi bay hoi, thl nhdt thi6t phai lam trong tu hut.

7. Cac may m6c thi6t bi phai v~n hanh dung su chi dfin cua GVHD, SV

khong duQ'ctu Y v~n hanh khi chua duoc huang dfin.

8. Cac may m6c tnroc va sau khi do phai kiem tra nguon di~n, nguon mroc,

v~ sinh may, khong duoc di chuyen may trong phong hay ra ngoai

phong ..

3





9. Khong diroc tu tien 1fiyhoa chfit, v~t nr thi@tbi, dung C \1 ra khoi PTN.

10. Phai n~m virng quy trinh phan tfch, tlm hi6u y nghia cua m6i thao tac

truce khi Hun, khong diroc lam cAu tha, vo y thirc., lam hao phi h6a chfit.

11. Phai c6 s6 tay ghi cac thong s6 thuc nghiem,

12. Khi ra v8, phai rna sach se cac dung C\1 , don dep ngan n~p, giao tra dung

' "13. MQi su lam mfit mat, hu hong do SV gay ra, SV phai chiu trach nhiem

_~t d8n bii, ha hanh kiem d@nbuoc thoi hoc,

- Trong m6i bai bao cao thirc hanh, gAm

+ BAu bill ghi ra ten cua bill thirc hanh va l1gQ~ t 'ang nam thirc

hien bai thirc hanh d6. f;iV ~~

, .-~ . .

+ Phan 1: Tra loi cau hoi - SV viet cau tra loi cac cau hoi do

GVHD yeu cAu khi thirc hanh va cac cau hoi c6 trong giao trinh sau

m6i bai thirc hanh

+ PhAn 2: Bao cao k@tqua - SV vi@tcac dfr lieu gia tri do duoc, tfnh toan

duQ'c va bao cao ham hrong chi tieu da thirc hanh,

14.

4





CHUONG TRINH

P £ ) DUN DAO T~O PHA CHE HOA CHAT

Ma s6 mo dun: 25330014

ThOi. gian m0 d~· 150gio; (Ly thuyet: 60gio; Thirc hanh: 90gio)

I. V I TRI, TiNH~HA:~,iJA M ~ DUN

- Mo dun Pha che l(@).Gh~ QCkh6i ki~n thirc chuyen mon

ngh@ trong danh muc cac mr ' tao b~t buoc cua ngh@Ki@m

nghiem chAt IUQ'ngluang thirc, ~

II. MVC TIEU Me) DUN

H9Cxong rna dun nay nguai h9C c o khd nan

- Tfnh toan duoc hrong hoa chAt cAn dung de

dich chAt chuan co th@tfch, n6ng dQ xac dinh;

- Trinh bay diroc nguyen t~c pha ch~ mQt dung dich;

- Chuan bi duoc dung Cl,1,hiet bi, hoa chAt cAn sir dung trong pha ch~;

- Sir dung duoc thanh thao va an tom cac dung Cl,1hi~t bi, hoa chAt;

- Tuan thu thirc hien duoc bien phap an toan trong qua trinh pha ch~;

- Ren luyen duoc tfnh cAn than, ti mi, chfnh xac trong qua trmh pha ch~.

III. NQI DUNG Me) DUN

1. N6i dung t6ng quat va phdn b6 thai gian:

Ten cac bai trongThOi gian

S6TT L ymd dun Tang s6 Thuc hanh Ki~m tra*thuyet

1 Me] dAu v@ dung 15 15 0 0

dich

2Pha ch~ dung dich

20 5 15 0chAt tAy rna

3Pha ch~ dung dich

20 5 15 0chAt chi thi

Pha ch~ dung dich

5





4thuoc thir hiru co

25 5 20 0

Pha ch~ dung dich

5d~m

15 5 10 0

chuAn6 55 25 25 5

559n

2. N9i dung chi ti~t

Bid 1: M« diu v~dung dleh

Muc tieu cua hili:

- Tfnh toan duoc cac nAng d9 dung dich thea yeu cAu

- Chuyen hoa diroc don vi tmh giira cac dai hrong nAng d9 cua dungdich,

1. Su di~n ly - Hfing s 6 din bang trong dung dich

2. Phan irng thuy phan - Phan img trao d6i

3. Can bang trong h~ dung dich

4. NAng d9 dung dich - Cac loai nAng d9 - each chuyen d6i cac nAng d9

5. Cac phuong phap tfnh toan nAng d9 dung dich

Bal2: Pha ch~dung dlch chit tiy rua Thai gian: 20gia

- Trinh bay diroc quy trinh pha ch~ dung dich chAttAyrna

- Tfnh toan diroc hrong hoa chAtcAnlAyd8 pha ch~ thanh dung dich chAt

tAyrna co th8 tfch, nAng d9 chfnh xac thea yeu cAu;

- Chuan bi diroc dung cu, thi~t bi, hoa chAtcAn s u dung d8 pha ch~;


6




- Thao tac pha ch~ dung dich chfit tdy rna tit h6a chfit tinh khiet chuan

xac va thanh thao;

- Sir dung duoc din va m9t s6 dung Cl,1 dung trong pha ch~;

- Phat hien duoc nhirng nguyen nhan lam sai l~ch n6ng d9 dung dich da

pha ch~;

cao.

3.7. Them dung moi d~n vach va H1cd@u

3.8. Cho h6a chfit vao chai, 1<;>hua, dan nhan va bao quan h6a chfit da

- Ren luy~ . gc tfnh cdn than, ti mi, dam bao an toan va d9 chfnh xac. .

t~.

pha

3.9. v~sinh thi~t bi, dung Cl,1

Bai 3: Pha ch~ dung dleh chit chi th]

M1I -c t ieu cua bai:

- Trinh bay diroc quy trinh pha ch~ dung dich chi thi;

- Chudn bi diroc dung Cl,1 , thi~t bi, h6a chfit cAnsir dung d6 pha che;

- Tfnh duoc hrong chfit cAndung d6 pha theo n6ng d9 yeu cAu;

- Thao tac pha ch~ dung dich chi thi chuan xac va thanh thao;

- Sir dung thanh thao va an toan cac dung Cl,1 thuy tinh, h6a chat;

- Ren luyen duoc tinh cdn than, ti mi, dam bao an toan va d9 chfnh xac

Thai gian: 20gia

cao.

7





- Ren luyen ky nang su dung may tfnh ca nhan d@tinh toan dQ sai thirc

t~.

1. Khai niem v@ chfit chi thi

2. Pha ch~ mQt s6 dung dich chfit chi thi

3. Thirc hanh pha ch~ dung dich chfit chi thi

3.1.Ki@m tra ngoai quan h6a chfit dung lam chfit chi thi cAn pha

3.2.Chufrn bi dung cu, dung moi

"0 chai, 1 9 chua, dan nhan va

, . .

- Chufrn bi diroc dung cu, thi~t bi, h6a chfit cAn su ~1i1~ d6~ha ch~.

- Thao tac pha ch~ dung dich thuoc thir chfit hiru co tit 6n~;tn chuan

xac va thanh thao, ""

- Su dung thanh thao cac dung cu dung trong pha ch~.

- Phat hien duoc nhirng nguyen nhan lam sai lech nAng dQ dung dich pha

ch~.

t~.

- Ren luyen ky nang su dung may tfnh ca nhan d@tinh toan dQ sai thirc

1. Khai niem v@ thuoc tlnr hiru co

2. MQt s6 thuoc thir hiru co tlnrong dung

3. Pha ch~ mQt s6 dung dich thuoc t lnr hiru co

4. Thirc hanh pha ch~ dung dich thuoc thir hiru co

8





4.1. Kiem tra ngoai quan h6a chfit g6c

4.2. ChuAn bi dung cu

4.3. Lfiy h6a chfit ra ill6ng chuan

4.4. Cho h6a chfit vao c6c thuy tinh

4.5. Pha h6a chfit voi m9t it dung moi

4.6. Chuyen dung dich h6a chfit vao blnh dinh rmrc

4.7. Them dung moi d~n vach va H1cd@u

4.8. Cho h6a chfit vao chai, 1 9 chua, dan nhan va bao quan h6a chfit da

pha

4.9. V~ sinh thi@ bi, dung cu

Thai gian:15

gia

- Sir dung diroc din va m9t s6 dung cu d ~gA;ron~ pha ch~;

- ~hat hien duoc nhirng nguyen nhan l a m s~h ~ d9 dung dich da

pha cheR

A

;, 1 A d tfnh cf thf ti , d' b' ., ~-*" hfnh '- en uyen tree I can an, Irm, am ao an eean va«~! I xac

cao. ,.

- Ren luyen ky nang sir dung may tinh ca nhan d~ tfnh toan d9 sai thirc

t~.

1. Khai niem v@dung dich d~m2. Pha ch~ m9t s6 dung dich d~m

3. Thirc hanh pha ch~ dung dich d~m

3.1. Ki~m tra ngoai quan h6a chfit g6c

3.2. ChuAn bi dung cu

9





3.3. Ldy h6a chdt ra tit 6ng chuan

3.4. Cho h6a chdt vao c6c thuy tinh

3.5. Pha h6a chdt voi mQtit dung moi

3.6. Chuyen dung dich h6a chdt vao blnh dinh mire

3.7. Them dung moi d~n vach va l~c d@u

3.8. Cho h6a chdt vao chai, 1<;>hua, dan nhan va bao quan h6a chdt da

pha

3.9. V~ sinh thi~t bi, dung cu

Bal 6: Pha ch~ dung dlch chuin Thai gian: 55gia

, - Thi~t l~p each tfnh hrong h6a chdt d~ pha ch~ dung dich thea yeucau ~

- Pha~ bi~t dUQ'cci:\.tinh to~ hrong pha trong 1 9 thuyet va each can

pha h6a chat trong diu, te f>Eongkiem nghiern

~ 6ng chufin chufin xac va

,

t e o

1. Khai niem v@dung dich chuan

2. Cach pha dung dich chuan thea n6ng dQban dfiu

3. Ky thu~t chuan dQ

4 . Tfnh k~t qua n6ng dQduoc pha5. Cac quy dinh nha mroc v@h6a chdt

6. Pha ch~ mot s6 h6a chdt chuan

7. Hieu chuan dung dich da pha ch~

8. Th\lc hanh

___________________________________________________ 10





8.1. Pha illchdt r~n

8.2. Pha illdung dich

8.3. C o ng th irc pha ch8 dung dich c6 nAng dQ mol/Lit (M )

8.4. Cong thirc pha ch8 dung dich c6 nAng dQ gig (%)

8.5. Cong thirc pha ch8 dung dich c6 nAng dQ dirong IUQ1lg(N)

8.6. Cong thirc pha ch8 dung dich c6 nAng d Q m g /L (ppm)

8.7. Kiem tra ngoai quan h6a chdt g6c

8.8. Cach sir dung 6ng chuan

8.9. Dung dich chuan AgN03 0,05N

8.10. Dung dich chuan EDTA O,lN

8.11. Dung dich chuan NaOH 0,5N

8.12. Dung dich chuan HCl1,0 N

8.13. Dung dich chuan I z 0,15N

8.14. Dung m chuan Fe3+ 0,006g/l

- HA so hru trfr h6a chdt.

V. PHUONG PHA.P VA NQI DUNG DA.NH GIA.

___________________________________________________ 11





1. Phuong phdp danh gia

Thirc hien thea Quy ch8 thi, kiem tra va cong nhan t6t nghiep trong day

ngh@ h~ chfnh quy, ban hanh kern thea Quyet dinh s6 14/2007/QD-

BLDTBXH, ngay 24 thang 5 nam 2007 cua BQ tnrong BQ Lao dQng -

Thirong binh va Xli hQi. Day la mo dun ly thuyet k8t hop voi thirc hanh V I v~y

khi danh gia cdn hru y:

* Kiim tra dinh. kj;

Dira vao su tham gia ddy du cac bU6i hoc ly thuyet va thirc hanh thf

nghiem, thong qua cac cau hoi trfic nghiem, vAn dap hoac tv luan tuy thea

tung bai cu th6 d6i voi nrng hoc sinh trong qua trtnh giang day va bai t~p ky

nang trong thai gian 2 -4 gic d6i voi tung nh6m (2-4 hoc sinh) khi k8t thiic

mQt bai,

* Kiim tra k~t thuc ma dun

Lam bai thirc hanh pha ch8 mQt dung dich cho tnroc va vi8t bao caotrong 5 gio

2.N(ji dung danh gid

* Phan l y thuy~t : Vi8t va chimg minh duoc cac cong thirc tfnh hrong

gam chAt cdn d ~, d6 pha ch8 dung dich c6 th6 tich, tfnh toan ducc cac n6ng

dQ xac dinh the on vi yeu cdu, trinh bay diroc quy trinh pha ch8 h6a chAt.

dung dich chAt chuan c6 th6 tfch,

~

ChuO'l!g trinh mo dun d • ~ u v r l ' ~cl10 ac co so da~ tao ~gh@Ki6m

n~hi~m c~at hrong hrong thuc, rm ~ R ~, l~ trung cap nghe hoac cao

dang nghe

2. Huang dan mot s 6 diim chfnh"Jfi: p._hapgidng day mo dun

,- Cac bai trong mo dun la,cac nQi dUng~~n~~~ ~hai tlnrc hi~n. Phdn ly

thuyet giang day tai tnrong, phan tlnrc hanh gia~" ti;;tY-{l;l'i12hongkiem nghiem

c6 ddy du cac trang thi8t bi, h6a chAt cdn thiet de 't'~lii~ac bai thtrc hanh

trong mo dun. "~ ..~

- Ly thuyet: Sir dung phuong phap lAy hoc sinh lam tru ,tam k8t hop

voi cac hlnh ve, hlnh anh d6 lam sinh dQng lap hoc,

- Tlnrc hanh: Sir dung phirong phap thea trinh tv huang ddn ky nang.

___________________________________________________ 12





3. Nhfmg trong tam chuang trinh. can chu y

- Ly thuyet: Cac cong tlnrc tmh hrong h6a chfrt cAn dung d6 pha ch8

dung dich c6 th6 tfch, n6ng dQ xac dinh theo yeu cAu; Quy trlnh pha ch8 cac

dung dich chuan tit 6ng chuan, tit h6a chfrt tinh khiet, pha ch8 cac dung dich

chi thi,

- Thtrc hanh: Cac bill thirc hanh pha ch8 dung dich chfrt chuan c6 th6

tfch, n6ng dQxac dinh, pha ch8 cac dung dich chi thi theo yeu cAu.

4. Tai li~u can tham khdo

4.1. Tieu chuan: Tieu chuan Vi~t Nam hien hanh lien quan d8n each pha

ch8 h6a chfrt

4.2. Stich tham khdo

[1]. Nguyen Van Dl;lt,Ngo Van Tam, (1974), Phdn ticb luang thuc thuc

phdm, BQLTTP.

[2]. Bui Thi Nhu Thu~n, Pham Van S6 , (1978), KiJm nghiem luang thuc

thuc phdm, BQLTTP.

[3]. Cong ty duong Bien Hoa, (1997), Phuong phdp phdn ticb

[4]. Le Van Khoa (chu bien), (2001), Phuong phdp phdn ticb dJt, ruarc,

phan bon va cay trong, Nha xufrtban Giao due, Ha NQi

___________________________________________________ 13





1 . M y.c tieu

- Pipet bfiu 25rnL

- Pipet bfiu 50rnL

- Beacher 100rnL

- Beacher 250rnL

- Beacher 1000rnL

- Ong dong 100rnL

- Dia din h6a chfit

- Gifiy 19C bang vang

- Chau thuy tinh

- R6 nhua

- Gici pipet

- Gia c6c thuy tinh

- Tu lnit

- Can ky thuat 2 s6

- Can phan tich 4 s6

- Tu sfiy

- Binh tia

4. Hoa chit

- K2Cr207 R~n

- Na2Cr207

- H2S04 d~c

- HN03 d~c

- NaHS04R~n

- FeS04 R~n

5. each t i@nhanh

R~n

Long

Long

- Ca(OHhR~n

- HCl d~c Long

- NaOH R~n

- Nuoc cfit sieu sach Long

- CaS04 R~n

- KMn04 R~n

___________________________________________________ 14





5.1.

- Cho hrong (chdt ~[~

100mL, khuay cho tan h'

5.1.2. Tl;1odung dich 2 (DD2)

- ~dy rna can nhua, rna sach 6~~cat

- Sdy kho a 90°C.

- Dung can ky thuat, rbi can lai bing dhr ;,d@din 1,5g (chdt Nl) .- Ldy pipet bdu 25mL da ducc rna va t'i- cfit~hi~u Idn, dung bop

cao su hut 25mL cho vao c6c 100mL rbi de VaG t~ hut.- Ldy pipet bdu 25mL da ducc rna va trang mre c cdt- j '~'~ldn, dung bop

cao su hut 25mL H2S04 dd da diroc d@ sfin trong til ,cho vao c6c

100mL co sfin 25mL mroc cdt a tren,- Cho hrong (chdt Nl) vira din tren vao hrong acid co trong c6c 100mL.

Khuay cho tan hoan toan tao diroc (DD2)


- ~dy rna can nhua, rna sach bing mroc , rbi trang lai nhieu Idn bing mroc

cat- Sdy kho a 90°C.- Dung can ky thuat, rbi can lai bing din phan tfch d@can O,lg (chdt N2)

- Ldy 6ng dong 100mL da diroc rna sach bing mroc cdt nhieu Idn, d@dong

100mL mroc cdt, rbi cho vao c6c 250mL

- Cho hrong (chdt N2) vira can tren vao hrong acid co trong c6c 100mL.


5.1.4 .. Tao dung dich 4 (DD4)

- ~dy rna can nhua, rna sach bing mroc , rbi trang lai nhieu Idn bing mroc

cat

- Sdy kho a 90°C.- Dung can ky thuat, rbi can lai bing can phan tfch d@can 0, 1g (chdt F 1)

- Ldy 6ng dong 100mL da diroc rna sach bing mroc cdt nhieu Idn, d6 dong

100mL mroc cdt, rbi cho vao c6c 250mL

- Cho hrong (chdt Fl) vira can tren vao hrong acid co trong c6c 100mL.



_________________________________________________ 15





- Ldy dia din nhua, rna sach bang mroc , rbi trang lai nhieu lfin b~ng mroc

cdt

- Sdy kho 690°C.

- Dung can ky thuat, rbi can lai b~ng din phan tfch d@can 0,1g (chdt HI)

- Ldy 6ng dong 100rnL da diroc rna sach b~ng mroc cdt nhieu lfin, d@dong

100rnL mroe cit, rbi cho vao c6c 250rnL. .~, ,

- Cho hrong (olift HI) vita can tren vao hrong acid c6 trong coc 100rnL,


5.2. TI;lO dung dt~B 6 (~I£>.( i i)~

- ~dy dia can nh\Xa,ru~;"· ~ng.c , rbi trang lai nhieu lfin b~ng mroc

cat ~

- Sdy kho 6 90°C. ~~~

- Dung can ky thuat, rbi c~~i 15~~can ~ n tfch ~@can,5g {chdt K1) .

L;.. . b;" 25rnL d- d~~"~" ,,, h·" I" di be- ay pipet au a uQ.:~a ~ an ";9'c cat n leu an, ung op

cao su hut 25rnL cho vao c6c leO).) ' ror dem c6c vao til hut." "'u I!" ', "- Lay pipet bau 25rnL da diroc -~~~_""V6c cat nhieu Ian, dung b~p

cao su hut }5rnL HN03 d~ da dug~ san. trong til hut, cho vao coc

100rnL c6 san 25rnL mroc cat 6 tren, ~.... ~

- Cho hrong (chdt K1) vita can tren vao IUQ:ng

Khuay cho tan hom toan, tao dugc (DD6)

5.3. TI;lO dung dich 7 (DD7) "~

- Ldy dia can nhira, rna sach bang mroc , rbi trang lai nhieu ; f i l l b~ng mroc

cdt

- Sdy kho 690°C.

- Dung can ky thuat, rbi can lai b~ng can phan tfch d@can 19 (chdt K2)

- Ldy pipet bfiu 25rnL da diroc rna va trang mroc cdt nhieu lfin, dung b6p

cao su hut 25rnL mroc sieu sach cho vao c6c 100rnL. Khuay cho tan hoan

toano

- Ldy pipet bfiu 25rnL da diroc rna va trang mroc cdt nhieu lfin, dung b6p

cao su hut 3 rnL dd H2S04 dd trong til hut, cho vao c6c 100rnL da c6 sin

dung dich pha tren, Khuay cho tan hoan toan, diroc (DD7)

5.4. TI;lO dung dich 8 (DD8)

- ~dy dia can nhira, rna sach bang mroc , rbi trang lai nhieu lfin b~ng mroccat

- Sdy kho 690°C.

- Dung can ky thuat, rbi can lai b~ng can phan tfch d6 can 109 (chdt C1).

Cho vao c6c 100rnL.

- Cho tit tit mroc sieu sach vao c6c cho d~n khi (chdt C1) con mQt it khong

tan ti~p diroc,

_________________________________________________ 16





- D~ Bing, dung dich thu diroc U l (DD8)

5.5. Dung dich rna acid

5.5.1. T~o dung dich 9 (DD9)

- Lfiy pipet bdu 25rnL da dugc rna va trang mroc cfit nhieu Idn, dung bop

cao su hut 25rnL cho vao c6c 100rnL r6i dem c6c vao til hut.

- Lfiy pip dU 25rnL da dugc rna va trang mroc cfit nhieu Idn, dung bop

cao su hut "'" (chfit hl ) dd da diroc de san trong til hut, cho vao c6c

100rnL co sfin 2S"-mLmroc cfit 6 tren,

'gm~ac cfit nhieu Idn, dung bop

fin trong til hut, cho vao c6c

~@tvao c6c BDM.~

5.5.3. T~o dung dich 11 (DDll)

- Lfiy pipet bdu 25rnL da dugc rna va trang mroc cfit nhieu Idn, dung bop

cao su hut 25rnL cho vao c6c 100rnL r6i dem c6c vao til hut.

- Lfiy pipet bdu 25rnL da dugc rna va trang mroc cfit nhieu Idn, dung bopcao su hut lrnL (chfit h3) dd da diroc d~ sfin trong til hut, cho vao c6c

100rnL co sfin 25rnL mroc cfit 6 tren,

- Chuyen hrong trong c6c vao blnh dinh mire 100rnL

- Dung mroc cfit trang c6c. Luong mroc trang cho h@tvao c6c BDM

- D b mroc cfit too vach thu duoc (DD 11)

5.6. T~o dung dich 12 (DDI2)

- Lfiy rna din nhua, rna sach b~ng mroc , r6i trang lai nhieu Idn b~ng mroc

cfit

- Sfiykho 690°C.

- Dung din ky thuat, r6i c a n lai b~ng c a n phan tfch d~ can 4g NaOH r~n.

Thao tac can hrong NaOH r~n phai th~t nhanh va chuan xac,

- Lfiy 6ng dong 100rnL da diroc rna sach b~ng mroc cfit nhieu Idn, d~ dong

100rnL mroc cfit, r6i cho vao c6c 250rnL

___________________________________________________ 17





- Cho hrong (chfit N2) vita can tren vao hrong acid co trong c6c 100mL,

Khuay cho tan hoan toan, tao duoc (DD12)

6. Cau hoi chuin b]

6.1. Cac dung dich vita pha tren la nhirng dung dich gi? Neu ro ten va muc

dich pha cac dung dich tren la gi?6.2. f )@ rna cac chfit nhua (can nhua, blnh nhua ... ) thl dung dung dich gl

trong cac dung dich da:pha tren?

6.3. Cac d:~ g 1S \ lbi bfrn boi dAuhoa, cAn dung dung dich gl trong cac dung

dich da:pha tren f i~"fryrna dAubam vao?

6.4. Cac d\ln~J.l

dich da:pha trem '

___________________________________________________ 18





BAI 2: KY THU~T PHA CHE DUNG DJCH CHi THJ

1. My.c tieu

Pha ch8 cac dung dich lam chAt chi thi diroc su dung cho cac bill chuan

dQtrong phong kiem nghiem

2. Kynang

- Su dung thanh thao cac dung cu thuy tinh dung trong pha ch8

- Ren r,.cAn th~n khi dung cac h6a chAt dQc, kha nang xu ly va dam

bao an toan l&. ~,{pxtic voi cac h6a chAtdQc

- Ren luyen t iRh lao dQng, kha nang lam vi~c thea nh6m, tfnh nrong tac

trong t~p th@

- Ong dong 100mL

- Binh tia

- B6p cao su

- C6i su + chay

4. H6a chit

_________________________________________________ 19





- Methyl Organge - Methyl red

- Bromethymol blue - Phenolphtalein

- h6 tinh bQt - Xylenolorange

- K2Cr04 - Thymol xanh- Eriochrome Black T - Metylen xanh

- Murexit - KCI

- axit Sunfo - NaCI

Ruou Etylic 96%

- NaOH

- H2S04 d~c

- Nurre sieu sach

5. each ti~n hanh

5.1.

5.2.

- Can 0,2g Bromethymol blue trong c6c thu

Tfim trot bing 20mL ancol 98°

- Them mnrc cdt thanh 100mL, khuay d@udung dich,

- Bao quan chi thi trong chai nlnra c6 nl1p d~y kin.

5.3. TN3: Pha ch8 Chi thi h6 tinh bQt 1%

- Can 19 h6 tinh bQt trong c6c 250mL.

- Tfim mQt it mroc cdt, r6i khuay thanh h6.

- Them mnrc cdt d~ duoc 100mL dung dich,

- Bern dun soi trong 10 phut, B~ nguoi, nho them 5 giot formaldehit

- Bao quan chi thi trong chai thuy tinh c6 nl1p d~y kin.

5.4. TN4: Pha ch8 Chi thi K2Cr04 5%

- Can 19 K2Cr04 trong c6c thuy tinh 50mL.

- Them mnrc cdt d~ diroc 100mL dung dich chi thi, Khuay d@ucho tan

h8t.

___________________________________________________ 20





- Bao quan chi thi trong chai thuy tinh co nfip d~y kin.

5.5. TN5: Pha ch@Chi thi Eriochrome Black T (ET.OO) dang rfin

- Can 0,025g ET.OO dang rfin, r6i dem nghien min trong c6i sach,

- Can 109 KCI rfin trong chen nung sach, Bern sfry 6 nhiet dQ 105°C

trong 30 plnit, B~ nguoi trong blnh hut Amd@nnhiet dQ phong- Tron trong c6i su thanh bQt min, bao quan trong chai nftu

5.6. TN6: Pha ch@Chi thi Eriochrome Black T 0,3% (ET.OO)

- Can 0,3g Eriochrome Black T, dung 20mL alcol hoa tan trong c6c

100mL, -, a mroc cfrt d@nvach 100mL va khuay d6u dung dich,

Bao quan "c -i .rong chai thuy tinh, d~y nfip kin.

':I hi Murexit 2% (6 dang h6n hop rfin)

- Nghi6n 0,2g.

thanh bQt min.

5.8. TN8: Pha ch@Chi thi axit "'·0

Can 19 axit Sunfos·alysilic~

100mL, khuay d6u dung dich,

- Bao quan trong chai thuy tinh co na

5.9. TN9: Pha ch@Chi thi Eriochrome cyanine. .,

- Bao quan trong chai co nfip d~y kin.

5.10. TN10: Pha ch@chi thi Methyl red (MR) 0,1 %

- Can O,Olg methyl red cho vao c6c 250mL, them 10mL alcol 95%,

khuay d6u cho tan.

- Bao quan trong chai co nfip d~y kin.

5.11. TNll: Pha ch@Chi thi Phenolphtalein (PP) 0,1 %

- Can 0,01 g Phenolphtalein(PP) pha trong 10mL alcol 95%, khuaytan.

- Bao quan trong chai nlnra ho~c thuy tinh mau t6i, d~y kin nfip.

5.12. TN12: Pha ch@Chi thi Xylenol orange (XO) 19/L

- Can O,Olg chi thi Xylenol orange pha trong 10mL alcol 95%.

___________________________________________________ 21





- Bao quan chi thi trong chai thuy tinh co nfip d~y kin.

5.13. TNI3: Pha ch@chi thi Thymol xanh (TB)

Can O,lg NaOH rfin, hoa tan trong 50mL mroc cAt, duoc NaOH 0,2%

Hoa tan 0,5g TB trong 10mL Etanol 20%, them vao 2mL NaOH 0,2%,

them mroc cAt thanh 100mL.5.14. TNI4: Pha ch@chi thi Metylen xanh (MB)

Hut 26,25 mL dung dich H2S04 d~c pha voi 100mL mroc cAt

Hoa tan O,Olg MB va 5g Na2HP04 voi 4,lmL dung dich H2S04, them

mroc thanh 100mL.

6.

6.4. Khi pha ch@chi thi Murexit, phai tr9n chi thi do voi muoi rfin NaCI,

d~ lam gi?

6.5. Hay cho bi@t vai tro cua CH3COOH diroc pha vao khi pha ch@chi

thi Eriochrome cyanine?

Luu y : Thai gian s u dung cua m6i loai chi thi khong qua hai thang k~ tit

ngay pha.

___________________________________________________ 22





BAI 3: KY THU~ T PHA CHE DUNG DJCH THU6c THU HUu CO

1. My.c tieu

Pha ch8 cac dung dich lam thuoc thir hiru co cho cac bill thirc hanh trong

phong kiem nghiem

2. Kynang

- Sir dung thanh thao cac dung cu thuy tinh dung trong pha ch8

- Ren tfnh cAnth~n khi dung cac h6a chfit d9C, kha nang xir ly va dam

bao an toan khi ti8p xiic voi cac h6a chfit d9C

- Ren luyen tin lao d9ng, kha nang lam vi~c thea nh6m, tfnh nrong tac

trong t~p th@ 'II

3. Dungc\I v a thi~tb]~

- Til hut ~ ~

- Can ky thuat 2 s 6 .A..Can pharr tfch 4 s 6 ~ ~

-.I!~un ,cach thuyI:~m amiang

- B8p di~n

4. Hoa chit

___________________________________________________ 23





- Brom

- Acid fusinsulfuro

- Acid sunfanilic

- Indigocarrnin

- Diphenyl carbazon- Brome phenol blue

1-10 Phenaltrolein

- Acid piric

- Dimetylglyoxin

Aluminon

- Flourescein

- Hydroxylamin

- MnS04

- H3P04 dd

- H2S04 dd- NaHS03

- fucsin clohydrat

- HCI dd

- ZnCl2

- Etanol96%

- Metanol 96%

- AmylalCohol- NaBr

Alizarin do S

- KI

- NaOH (fixxanal)

- Phenol

1-(2pyridinlazo )-2naphtol

- Fuchsin- Phenol

- Glycerin

- Xanh Metylen

- KOH

- p-dimetylaminobenzaldehyt

- Nurre sieu sach

- NH4CI

- MgClz,6H20

- CuS04.5H20

- KNaC6H406.4H20

- NaOH

- Acid lactic dd

5. each t i@ n hanh

5.1. Acid fusinsulfuro 1%

- Cho O,lg chi thi vao c6c chua 10rnL c6n

- Khuay d6u cho tan hoan toan

___________________________________________________ 24





5.2. Acid sunfanilic 1%

- Hoa tan O,lg acid sunfanilic trong 0,65mL HCI dd

- Them mroc cAt d8n 10mL

5.3. Indigocarmin 0,25%

- 0,05g trong 10mL c6n 50 - 60°.

- Dinh rmrc bfing mroc cAtd8n 20mL. DUng chuan dQ acid - baz

5.4. Chi thi Diphenyl carbazon 5g/L

- Can 0,05g diphenyl cacbazone trong c6c thuy tinh

- Dung alcol95% hoa tan thanh 10mL

- Bao quan chi thi "Hongchai thuy tinh co nl1pd~y kin.

5.5. Brome phenol blue ~glL

- Ciin O,Olg brome Pli~lue trong e6c thuy tinh dung aleol 95%

hoa tan thanh 10~

Bao quan chi thi trolil~ clJal~u tinh .. l1Pd~y kin

1-10 Phenaltrolein 0,5% ~ ,

- C!t0 O,lg (1-10 phenaltrole er~h)la mroc cat, dun nang

den khoang 80°C.

5.6.

- Khuay cho tan

Til illthem vao vai giot HCI d~c, ch

vfin due, trong su6t.

- Them mroc du 20mL

5.7. Acid piric 0,1 %

- Hoa tan O,lg trong 100mL mroc cAt

5.8. Dimetylglyoxin 1%

- Cho O,lg chi thi vao c6c chua 10mL c6n.

- Khuay d8u cho tan hoan toano (DUng dinh tinh ion Ni2+)

5.9. Aluminon 1%

- Cho 0,5g chi thi vao c6c chua 50mL mroc cAt.

- Khuay d8u cho tan hoan toano (Dung dinh tinh ion Ae+ )

5.10. Flourescein 0,5%

- Cho 0,5g chi thi vao c6c chua 10mL c6n.

- Khuay d8u cho tan hoan toano Them mroc cAt vao d8n 50mL

5.11. Alizarin do S 0,1 %

_________________________________________________ 25





- Cho 0,05g chi thi vao c6c chua 50rnL mroc .

- Khuay d8u cho tan hoan toano

5.12. Acid rubeanic 0,1 %

- Hoa tan O,lg trong c6c chua 10rnL c6n.

- Them mnrc cdt vao den 50rnL

5.13. Ferroin

- Hoa tan 0,1485g (1-10 phenaltrolein) va 0,0695g FeS04.7H20 trong

mroc, them mroc cdt thanh 10rnL.

- Dung chuan dQ oxy hoa - khir,

5.14. Montequi A (N~h[Hg(SCN)4]

- Hoa tan O,lg

- Tron cAn th~n

r6i pha loang [email protected]~u=

- f)~ yen dung dich 2

kin

5.15. Hydroxylamin 10%

trong 10rnL mroc cAt.

nay voi 10rnL dung dich chua O,lg HgCh

IQc, bao quan trong chai man d~y

5.16. H6n h9'P Zymmerman

- Hoa tan 3,85g MnS04 khan trong

H3P04 dd & 6,25rnL H2S04 dd vao

- Them mroc thanh 50rnL. Dung lam dung

5.17. Thu6c thir Schiff

Hoa tan 19 NaHS03 + O,lg fucsin clohydrat +50rnL mroc cdt.

- Bao quan trong chai mau co nut d~y kin & d~ trong t6i.

dinh aldehyt ceton.

5.18. Thuoc tlur Lucas

- Ldy c6c thuy tinh cho vao chau thuy tinh co da lanh vun chung

quanh (lam lanh c6c bing mroc da vun), Toan bQ d~t trong til hut.

- Cho vao c6c 1,36g ZnCh khan, r~n, r6i dung pipet hut 10rnL dung

dich HCI d~c, cho illtu vao d~ tAm trot,

- Sau khi trot toan bQ va tan, kheo leo rot ttr illmQt hrong mroc cdt

theo thanh c6c, hoa tan hoan toan .

- Chuyen vao blnh dinh rmrc, dinh rmrc too vach 100rnL

_________________________________________________ 26





5.19. Thu6c thir Kaufmann

- Can truce m9t hrong NaBr r~n 1,5gam

- Cho vao beaker 1,0000g NaBr, r6i rot til til dung dich Methanol, cho

d@n khi thay NaBr vira tan xong, thl dirng lai (khoang 10rnL

Methanol thl vira tan h@tNaBr)

- Cho toan bo hrong con lai NaBr vao c6c, khuay,

- LQc, them 0,05rnL Brom long.

- Bao quan trong chai mau t6i.

5.20. Thuoc thir Nessler K2HgI4

- Dung 2,5g KI pha trong 25rnL mroc cdt, them vao do dung dich

HgClz bao hoa cho d@nkhi vira dir (thdy co k@ttu a mau do).

- Them vao hh 10rnL NaOH 5N va pha loang thanh 50rnL. D8 l~ng

dung dich, ldy phan mroc IQct rong d8 sir dung,

- Dung d8 xac dinh ion NH4+

5.21. Thuoc t lur Phenoldisunfonic

- Hoa tan 1,2g phenol trong 14, 2S04 dd, d8 tren b@peach thuy 2

gia.

- Sau khi tan hoan toan, cho vao

- Them mroc cdt d@n100rnL, sau 24 gio dem IQc.

5.24. Dung dich Fehling

- Hoa tan 1,733g CuS04.5H20 tro~g mroc, pha loang d@n25 ~~ ~

Hoa tan 8,66g Natri tartr~c (muoi Rochell~ KNaC6H406.4H~O s s. ~~2,5g NaOH trong mroc cat roi pha loang den 25rnL trong dieu kicn -~ ...

lanh,

- Khi dung tron 2 dung dich thea ty l~ 1 : 1.

5.25. PAN 0,1% [1-(2pyridinlazo)-2naphtol]

- Hoa tan O,Olg PAN trong 10rnL etanol So" ,

D' h;t d~ I'd' h C 2+ C 2+ Pb2+ Cd2+- ung trong c uan Qcomp exon xac In u, 0, , ....

5.26. Fuchsin thea Zil

___________________________________________________ 27





- Mang ~ang tay cao su, nghien 1,5g Fuchsin + 5g phenol tinh th~

trong coi suo

- Them 5 giot glycerine, r6i nho tit tit c6n 96° cho d~n h~t 10rnL c6n

nay.

- Khi h6n hop dff trQn d@u,khong con C\lC nho, ta them 100rnL mroc

cfitvao, khuay d@u.

- D~yen trong 48 gio, IQc.

- Dung dich nay c6 th~ bao quan trong nhieu thang, Thirong diroc

dung d~ nhuom mau phirc tap,

5.27. Xanh Metylen bao hoa trong c6n

- Cho 0,3g Xanh metylen vao 10rnL c6n 90°, l~c d@ur6i d~ yen vai

n

~vao 7,5rnL amylalcohol.

- Dun 5~phenol tinh t h e trong trong --~~'h cho tan het

- (co the dung loai phenol dff bi chay ru~:du 0JI1L phenol chay

mroc)

- Sau d6 them 10rnL acid lactic dd & 20rnL glyxerin vao,

5.31. Cac dung dich thuoc nhuom - (xem them)

- Erythrosin hoac rose bengal 1% trong 2 - 3 phut,

- Gentian Violet 1/40 trong mroc trong 2-3 phut,- Hoa 0,05g Blue de conton (xanh cotton) trong 100rnL dung dich

lacto-phenol dffdun n6ng d~n 700C.

5.32. Thu6c thir Orcinal- (xem them)

- Hoa tan 2g orcinal khan, tinh khi~t trong 100rnL H2S04 30%.

___________________________________________________ 28





6. Cau hoi chuin b]

_________________________________________________ 29


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