TGIF!! Yayayayaya!!TGIF!! Yayayayaya!! We have abt. 10 minutes

left to watch in the video & only 1 more question to answer– Check = you kept up with

answers– No check = didn’t keep up

(get the answers!!)

We will attempt to finish the Roaring Twenties today…– If you can handle it, we can

also watch 4 video clips (there are women involved…woot woot!!)

The Roaring TwentiesThe Roaring Twenties

Name given to the 1920s because of booming business & profits, good feelings, new technology & fads. 1920s are very prosperous for most people

– Which group of people are suffering during this time period?

– Farmers!

ProhibitionProhibition Definition:

– Movement to make alcohol illegal

– Inspired by the Temperance Movement

18th Amendment:– Made alcohol illegal– Unpopular with most people,

but widely supported by those who believed alcohol was the root of all evil!

Volstead Act:– Gov’t. agency responsible for

enforcing prohibition

Ways Around Ways Around ProhibitionProhibition

Speakeasies:– Secret bars/saloons that

sold alcohol– Needed a password to get

in – hidden & could be anywhere!

Bootleggers:– Name given to people who

smuggled alcohol Hid alcohol in boots

– “Rum Runners”

Organized Crime – Organized Crime – “The Mafia”“The Mafia”

Made money off prohibition by making & selling alcohol

Al Capone:– Mobster who controlled

Chicago’s illegal alcohol business by killing off competition

– St. Valentine’s Day massacre

Results of ProhibitionResults of Prohibition

Drinking did decrease, but…

Difficult to enforce

Other industries made profits – Pepsi, Coca-Cola

Crime increased

Pop CulturePop Culture

Fads– Dance Marathons– Flagpole Sitting– Baseball – Babe Ruth– Boxing– Disney’s “Steamboat Willie”– Anything Egyptian – King Tut– Crossword Puzzles &

Maghong

Radio: Most powerful tool of communication– Just about everyone owned

one– Like TVs today

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh

Made first transatlantic flight from New York to Paris in his plane “The Spirit of St. Louis”

Became a national hero

33 hours & 29 minutes

AutomobilesAutomobiles

Changed dating patterns National landscape

changes:– Driveways: Garages– Traffic Signals– Paved roads: Gas

stations– Public garages:

Motels Status symbol Liberated family, more

mobile/independent Auto industry symbolized

success of free enterprise system

1929 Graham Paige DC Phaeton

Spending HabitsSpending Habits

People spending more due to prosperity of the time Many spent more than they made Buying on credit & using payment plans!!

– This is dangerous & causes problems in the future!

The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation

Group of authors who didn’t fit in or agree with the new culture of 1920s America

– Believed we were to materialistic… Very critical of American society & exposed the negative side of the Roaring Twenties Left the USA & most lived in Europe

Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis

1st American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature

Wrote Babbitt to criticize the conformity & materialism of America

F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald

Exposed the negative side of the 1920s - “Jazz Age”

Wrote The Great Gatsby to show the downward spiral of the rich

Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway

Most famous author of the 1920s

Criticized the glorification of war by writing about his own experiences in WWI

Wrote A Farewell to Arms

John SteinbackJohn Steinback

Exposed the problems facing farmers

Wrote The Grapes of Wrath showing the plight of migrant workers & farmers in the depression

FundamentalismFundamentalism

Definition:– Believed in a strict

interpretation of the Bible– Against science when in

conflicts with the Bible Rejected theory of

evolution

– Protecting the literal interpretation of the Bible

Billy Sunday & Aimee McPherson were 2 fundamentalist preachers

The Scopes “Monkey” The Scopes “Monkey” Trial - 1925Trial - 1925

Reason for Trial:– Biology teacher John

Scopes taught theory of evolution in school

– Fight over role of science & religion in schools

John Scopes is represented by Clarence Darrow

Outcome:– Scopes found guilty – 1st law outlawing teaching

evolution theory

FlappersFlappers

Young women who embraced the new fashions & attitudes of the 1920s– Short hair, short skirts,

drank & smoked in public

Asserted their independence & demanded the same rights as men

Divided older & younger women– Older: Followed traditional

standards/roles– Younger: Exercised new

freedoms, which upset older generation

Double StandardDouble Standard

Set of principles granting men more social freedoms than women

Working WomenWorking Women

More women working outside the home – Clerical jobs,

secretaries, nurses, etc.

Margaret Sanger:– Opened 1st birth control

clinic allowing women the opportunity for family planning

– Gave women more control over their own life

Black Americans Black Americans in this period in this period continued to live continued to live in povertyin poverty

sharecroppingsharecropping kept them in kept them in de de factofacto slavery slavery

1915 - 1915 - boll boll weevilweevil wiped out wiped out the cotton crop the cotton crop

white white landowners went landowners went bankrupt & bankrupt & forced blacks off forced blacks off their landtheir land

Blacks moved north to take Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime advantage of booming wartime industry (= industry (= Great MigrationGreat Migration) - ) - Black ghettoes began to form, Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. i.e. HarlemHarlem

within these ghettoes a distinct within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourishedBlack culture flourished

But both blacks and whites But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange wanted cultural interchange restrictedrestricted

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

Definition:– Cultural & intellectual

movement in black communities due to the Great Migration

Literature, dance, art, music

– Langston Hughes– Cab Calloway– Bessie Smith– Duke Ellington– Josephine Baker– Louis Armstrong

JazzJazz

New style of music

Combination of work & spiritual songs

The 1920s is known as the “Jazz Age”

Universal Negro Universal Negro Improvement Association Improvement Association

(UNIA)(UNIA) Created by:

– Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican immigrant

Goal:– Build a separate society for

African Americans– Based on belief that African

Americans will never be treated equally/fairly

“Back to Africa”– Resettlement program to

create a new community in Africa for black Americans to move to

Marcus Garvey (Jamaican Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established born immigrant) established the Universal Negro the Universal Negro Improvement AssociationImprovement Association

believed in Black pridebelieved in Black pride advocated racial segregation advocated racial segregation

b/c of Black superiorityb/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks Garvey believed Blacks

should return to Africashould return to Africa he purchased a ship to start he purchased a ship to start

the the Black StarBlack Star line line attracted many investments: attracted many investments:

gov't charged him with gov't charged him with w/fraud w/fraud

he was found guilty and he was found guilty and eventually deported to eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization Jamaica, but his organization continued to existcontinued to exist

FREE WRITINGFREE WRITING

White people where still treating the White people where still treating the African American community with hatred African American community with hatred and belittling. When Marcus Garvey and belittling. When Marcus Garvey received multitude of investors to help received multitude of investors to help him move the African American him move the African American community to Africa why did the community to Africa why did the American government charge him with American government charge him with fraud? Why would the high numbers of fraud? Why would the high numbers of racist whites not support this move? (one racist whites not support this move? (one to two sentences)to two sentences)