If you can't read please download the document
Upload
hertz
View
70
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative – Computer Applications in Archaeology Joint Conference, Williamsburg, “Making History Interactive,” March 22-27, 2009. ECAI Session: Inventing Paths in Digital Data . Empowering Readers to Find Explanations: A What – Where – When – Who Approach - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative Computer Applications in Archaeology Joint Conference, Williamsburg, Making History Interactive, March 22-27, 2009.ECAI Session: Inventing Paths in Digital Data.
Empowering Readers to Find Explanations:A What Where When Who Approach
Michael BucklandECAI & School of Information,University of California, Berkeley
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Textwith a interesting details.Who was she?Where is that?What is this?What else was happening?Reader(or Writer)ResourcesEncyclopediasAtlases, place nameBiographical dictionariesDictionariesLibrary catalogStatistical seriesetc., etc. . . . . In a paper environment, a library is a good place to read and to write because explanations are available.How do we move this situation into an internet environment?
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Knste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970.WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource.
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Knste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970.WHERE?
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Knste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970.WHAT?
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Building the functionality of a reference collection.1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works.2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works.3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e.g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts.Demos at http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Initial sketch for Context Finding / Building interface.
Save search pathSave link & notes as stand-off markup.Save link & notes as embedded mark-up.Insert / block textDefine facetRanked lists of suggested resources for each facet chosenDisplay of search result
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Reference Genre VocabularyDisplays FacetEncyclopedia TopicsCross-references WHATAtlas, place list PlacesMaps WHEREChronology Time Timelines WHENBiogr. Dictionary PersonsRelationships WHODifferent genres for different facets require different vocabularies, different display requirementsDifferentiation by What, Where, When and Who aids disambiguation.Work in progress of feasibility and desirability of decomposing Whos Who style biographical texts into life events encoded as 4W-tuple: Actions and activities encoded by What kind of action/activity; Where; When; and involving Who [else]Search interestReasons for using WHERE, WHEN, WHO, and WHAT
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Comment: Facet genres include other facetsEncyclopedia or library catalogTopic Geographic aspects Chronological aspects
Place name gazetteerPlace name Type Spatial markers (Lat & long) When
Time Period DirectoryPeriod name Type Time markers (Calendar) Where
Biographical DictionaryPerson Activity type Time Where Who else
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Facet genres with facets realigned: Associations.
What Where When WhoWHAT (Library catalog) X XXX
WHERE (Place name list)XXXX
WHEN (Time period dir.)XXX X
WHO (Biographical dict.) XXXX
From LCSH Lighthouses to NGA Place name list Geographic Description Code Lthse (Lighthouse). Place name list give locations of examples. Catalog gives literature about light houses.
Vertical: Semantic mappings to same facet resources.Horizontal: Association with other facets provides context.
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
CORPUSFRAGMENTCONTEXTContext Finder: Ad hoc searches. Looking outwards, not inwards!Reference works
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Reading online, The Irish Review, 1911, with place names already identified. Click on Westport, then on links to more info.
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Building the functionality of a reference collection.1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works.2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works.3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e.g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts.
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
CORPUSFRAGMENTCONTEXTContext Builder: Query, source, result saved as markup in text; and in notes.Reference work
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
The case of editing of historical papers . . . -- Slow publication -- Very limited footnotes, most editorial research not revealed -- Duplicative, overlapping editorial researchThe constraints of the printed codex!Web-published editors notes, as low-cost byproduct.
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Building the functionality of a reference collection.1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works.2. Context builder: Making, retaining notes / links to reference works.3. Context provider: Enriching reference works by adding reverse links, e.g. place name gazetteer mentions where a place is mentioned in texts.
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
CORPUSFRAGMENTCONTEXTContext Provider: Also reverse links from resource back to text. Now two-way!Reference work
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Facet Vocabulary Displays Reference GenreWHAT Topics Cross-references EncyclopediaWHERE PlacesMaps Atlas, place listWHEN PeriodsTimeline ChronologyWHO PersonsRelationships Biogr.dictionaryReference Genre VocabularyDisplays FacetEncyclopedia TopicsCross-references WHATAtlas, place list PlacesMaps WHEREChronology Time Timelines WHENBiogr. Dictionary PersonsRelationships WHOPaper-based reference collection: Codex determines structure and use.Reversed in a digital environment: Metadata forms infrastructure.Build a union index, so you know where too look! Little green lights!http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/Search interestSearch interest
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg
Three projects on search support:Supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services and the National Endowment for the Humanities. - Support for the learner: What, Where, When and Who (IMLS, 2004-06) ecai.org/imls2004 - Bringing Lives to Light: Biography in Context (IMLS, 2006-09) ecai.org/imls2006 - Context and Relationships: Ireland and Irish Studies (IMLS & NEH, 2007-09) ecai.org/neh2007Part of a long-term metadata program. Teamwork by several people: Aitao Chen, Fredric Gey, Ray Larson, Dan Melia, Barry Pateman, Vivien Petras, Ryan Shaw, and others. Demos at http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/
ECAI/CAA Williamsburg