TeXes Science Exam ReviewELED 4312

http://www.texes.nesinc.com/

1. Mr. katz has made the apparatus shown below to use during a sixth-grade science class about the human body.

Mr. Katz asks one of his students to alternate between pulling on the balloon stretched across the bottom of the bottle (Figure A) and allowing it to retract (Figure B). The function of this apparatus is most appropriate for demonstrating how:

A. food is moved through the digestive system.

B. skeletal muscles contract and relax.

C. air moves into and out of the lungs.

D. the heart pumps blood through the body.

Human respiration system & Gas exchange

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookRESPSYS.html

2. Use the diagram of the food web below to answer the question that follows.

mice seeds insects hawks birds worms big fish small fish

A teacher could best help students use this diagram to explore the relationships in the food web by asking which of the following questions?

A. What do insects eat?B. Do mice eat anything besides seeds?C. What would happen to the hawk’s diet if there were no seeds?D. What is most important to the diet of big fish?

Flow of Energy through an ecosystemhttp://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/energy/sciber/intro.htm

3. The teacher of a combined fourth- and fifth-grade class wants to use an inquiry approach to introduce a science unit on electricity. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for this purpose?

A. Have students take apart a flash-light and hypothesize why the bulb lights up when the switch is turned on

B. Have students use their library skills to locate information about how electricity is generated in the area where they live

C. Have students use a computer soft-ware program that demonstrates the movement of electrons through different kinds of circuits

D. Have groups of students use textbook diagrams to identify the components of a simple electric circuit and explain how each component functions

Inquiry Learning Approacheshttp://www.ltag.education.tas.gov.au/Planning/models/inquirymodel.htm

The inquiry approach to learning and teaching supports contemporary learning theory.

This approach is built upon the idea that students are actively involved in learning and continually reconstruct understandings in the light of experience.

It encourages students to participate in active investigation, and to integrate, rather than separate knowledge, as they move from acquisition of facts to the development of deep understanding.

4. The masses of four objects were measured and recorded using different units. The object with which of following measurements had the greatest mass?

A. 250 milligrams

B. 2.9 centigrams

C. 0.27 grams

D. 0.00023 kilograms1 kg=1000g1g=100cg=1000mg (1cg=10mg)

= 250mg*1/1000=0.25g

=2.9cg*1/100=0.029g

= 0.27g

= 0.00023kg*1000g=0.23g

Metric System and Units

http://lamar.colostate.edu/~hillger/common.html Mass (Weight)

Unit Symbol Relationship

Milligram mg1000mg=

1g

Gram g

Kilogram Kg 1Kg=1000g

ton T 1t=1000Kg

5. A scientists is studying a population of sparrows that live in a wooded area. Which of the following methods would be the most appropriate way for the scientist to determine the typical diet of the sparrows in this particular population?

A. making careful observations of the sparrows as they forge and feed in their natural habitat

B. reviewing the scientific literature that relates to this species of sparrows

C. presenting various types of foods to captive birds from the population and noting which food they prefer

D. conducting a survey of the relative food sources that are available in the study area

Nature of Science

Science is based on empirical evidence provided by observations of the natural world.

Scientific ideas are established only after compelling evidence has accumulated from observations of nature.

6. Plants take in carbon dioxide gas and use it to make sugars. Through this process they release oxygen, which animals need. Which of the following activities could decrease the amount of oxygen released into the air?

A. Making sure trees are planted with every new house built

B. Encouraging cities to plan for more parks

C. Paving more land for loads and parking lots

D. Better controls for air and water pollution

Photosynthesishttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html

Photosynthesis: is the process by which plants, and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, the "fuel" used by all living things.

Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and releases the oxygen that we absolutely must have to stay alive.

6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2

7. You need to smell the fumes of an unfamiliar substance during a science experiment. In order to smell the fumes in a safe manner you should…

A. hold the item to your nose and sniff quickly

B. gently wave the fumes toward your nose and sniff very lightly

C. quickly wave the fumes toward your nose and sniff deeply

D. ask your teacher to sniff the fumes for you

8. Which of the following plant traits is NOT inherited?

A. Grass turns darker when sprinkled with nitrogen

B. A rosebush has thorns

C. Maple tree leaves die in the fall

D. A cactus stores water

Genetics-inherited traits

Traits: personal characteristics, things about you such as eye-color, skin color, and blood-type that are special.

Inherited: traits passed down from your parents

Acquired: traits such as pierced ear, hair length, etc. that you were not born with

9. Everyone knows about the importance of our sun. What forms of energy are provided by the sun?

A. solar, light, heat, geothermal

B. solar, light, electrical

C. solar, heat, geothermal

D. solar, light, heatgeothermal energy is energy derived from

the natural heat of the earth.

Geothermal Energy

10. A student drink a glass of water through a straw noticed that her straw appeared to be broken, even though it still worked perfectly. She drew a picture of the “broken” straw.

She searched the Internet in order to find out why the straw appeared to be broken. She soon discovered that light traveling between air and water is…

A. opaqueB. translucentC. reflectedD. refracted

Refraction of Light

Light refracts when it passes from one medium into another.

Optical effect of refraction

11. Coal is a nonrenewable resource that was formed several hundred million years ago in swamps. Coal, or fossil fuel, was formed from…

A. silica rich lava that has been compresses over time

B. animal remains that have been buried for the past several decades

C. plant material buried for extended periods of time

D. sedimentary rocks that have been compresses over time

Renewable and Non-renewable Energy

Coal, oil and gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals.

Renewable energy: Energy Resourcesare ones that won't run out.( e.g. wind, solar, geothermal, and ocean)

Non-renewable energy: sources will eventually run out.( e.g. oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear)

12. Water moves constantly between oceans, rivers, streams, reservoirs, water vapor, clouds, and precipitation. This is called the water cycle. Which statement below describes how the sun directly powers the water cycle?

A. The sun causes water vapor in the air to condense into clouds.

B. The sun causes liquid water to evaporate into the atmosphere.

C. The sun causes clouds to rain liquid water onto the surface of the earth.

D. The sun causes clouds to evaporate into water vapor.

Water cyclehttp://www.units.muohio.edu/dragonfly/water/watercycle.shtmlhttp://www.kidzone.ws/water/

Main parts of Water cycle

evaporation (and transpiration)

condensation precipitation collection

13. The herbivores in an ecosystem depend upon which of the following organisms for their survival.

A. carnivores

B. producers

C. omnivores

D. decomposers

Ecosystem populationhttp://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/106/106F05_8.html

14. The pictures show part of lunar cycle, Which of these would be the next phase of the moon?

Moon’s phaseshttp://www.ortelius.de/kalender/basic_en.php

0: new moon 1: first quarter 2: full moon 3: third quarter 4: earth 5: sunlight

15. Which of these rock layers is the youngest?

A. Q

B. R

C. S

D. T

The order of age of rocks

The upper layer is younger than the lower layers.

The layer that has come up through the other rock layers is younger.

The layer that hasn’t curved or faulted is younger than the layer that has curved and faulted