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Testing Protocols &
Certification Standards:
RESNET & PHIUS+
7777thththth Annual North American Passive House ConferenceAnnual North American Passive House ConferenceAnnual North American Passive House ConferenceAnnual North American Passive House ConferenceSeptember 27September 27September 27September 27----30, 2012 Denver CO30, 2012 Denver CO30, 2012 Denver CO30, 2012 Denver CO
RESNET & PHIUS+
Kristof Irwin, Principal
Positive Energy
Austin, Texas
Positive Energy•Integrative Building Science
•Design/Construction Review
•HVAC Design
•IAQ Consulting & Testing
•Field Monitoring•Field Monitoring
•Electricity Use
•Psychrometrics
•Research Studies
•Education/Training
Session Learning Objectives:
• Learning Objectives
– See larger motion in industry
7777thththth Annual North American Passive House ConferenceAnnual North American Passive House ConferenceAnnual North American Passive House ConferenceAnnual North American Passive House ConferenceSeptember 27September 27September 27September 27----30, 2012 Denver CO30, 2012 Denver CO30, 2012 Denver CO30, 2012 Denver CO
– Comparison of Testing Procedures
– Comparison of Standards
– HERS Rating for PH project in CZ-2A
– Understanding of new PHIUS+ Standards
In this Talk
• RESNET Standards
• Energy Star Version 3 Requirements
• DoE Challenge Home Requirements
• PHIUS+ Requirements• PHIUS+ Requirements
Not In this Talk
• RESNET Standards
• Energy Star Version 3 Requirements
Challenge Home Requirements
Detailed Treatment of:
• Challenge Home Requirements
• PHIUS+ Requirements
Home Building Industry
About making money.
Industry driver over past few Industry driver over past few
decades is efficient process.
Industry driver now shifting
to efficient homes.
Industry Goal
High Performance Homes
• Healthy
• Safe• Safe
• Comfortable
• Durable
• Energy Efficient
High Performance Homes
How?
• Inspect – know what to look for and why
• Test – sympathetic • Test – sympathetic understanding of test equipment & process
• Certify (QA/QC)
• Verification & Certification(V&C)
Simple
• Inspect
• Test
Inspect & Verify• Vented/Unvented
• U-factor
• R-value
• Insulation Grade
• SHGC
• VT
• SEER
• EER
• HSPF
• AFUE
• COP• VT
• CFA
• Perimeter
• Orientation
• Shading
• Radiant Barrier
• CFM/Watt
• kWh/yr
• EF
• Perms
• Emissivity
Performance Testing
• ACH50
• ACHn
• CFM25-Total
• CFM20-Exterior
• TESP/ESP
• R2R Delta-P
• H2E Delta-P
• IAQ
• CAZ• TESP/ESP
• T&B
• Delta-Q
• Delta-T
• CAZ
• Worst Case
• Gas Leakage
• Exhaust CFM
• Ventilation CFM
Simplicity?
"Everything should be made as simple as
possible, but not simpler.“
- Albert Einstein
The Other Side of Simplicity
"I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of
complexity, but I would give my life for the simplicity on
the other side of complexity.“
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
(often attributed to Einstein)
How do these relate?
Performance Testing
Metrics for Buildings
Start: RESNET Standards (Ch 8 + Appendix A)
+ Energy Model/Reference Home = HERS Index
+ TERC, HVAC Rater/Contractor, IAQ, WM = ESV3
+ Ducts in conditioned, IECC2012 Envelope, + Ducts in conditioned, IECC2012 Envelope,
Water Htg Eff, ES L&A, IAQ, WM, RERH
= Challenge Home
+ PHIUS Checklist = PHIUS Certified Home
RESNET Standards
• Maintains Technical Standards and provides oversight for the Home Energy Ratings System (HERS)(HERS)
• Provides Accreditation Standards, Ethical Standards, and Protocols
• ANSI SDO
• 501 [c] [3] Not-for-Profit Educational Organization
RESNET Standards
100 National Standard
200 Training & Certification
300 Rating Tech Standards
400 Builder Option Packages400 Builder Option Packages
500 Revision of Standards
600 Sampled Ratings
700 Home Energy Audit Standards
800 Performance Testing & Work Scope
900 Quality Assurance
Appendix A – On-Site Inspection Procedures
Performance Testing
& On-Site Verification
• Chapter 8 “RESNET Standard for Performance
Testing and Work Scope: Enclosure and Air
Distribution Leakage Testing”Distribution Leakage Testing”
• Appendix A “On-Site Inspection Procedures for
Minimum Rated Features”
• New Appendix A just completed initial public
comment period as part of ANSI process
RESNET Standards –
Chapter 8
• 801 Background
• 802 Building Enclosure Air Tightness Testing
• 803 Duct Leakage Testing
• 804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing• 804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
• 805 Work Scope and Combustion Safety
• 806 Gas Leakage Testing
• 807 Worst Case Depressurization Testing
• 808 Carbon Monoxide Testing
• 809 Work Scope for Contractors
Chapter 8
801 Envelope Leakage Testing
• “Procedures for Building Enclosure Air
Tightness Testing”
802.1.1 Single Point Test
802.1.2 Multi-Point Test*802.1.2 Multi-Point Test*
802.1.3 Repeated Single Point Test
*Per ASTM E779-10 e.g. TecTite
Software (PHIUS+)
Chapter 8 Air Distribution
System Leakage Testing
• “On-Site Inspection Procedures for Duct
Leakage Testing”• 803.3 Prepare bldg
• 803.4 Install equip• 803.4 Install equip
• 803.5 Total leakage
• 803. Exterior Leakage
Leakage Metrics (%)
• Based on Airflow
• Based on CFA
Chapter 8
804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
• 804.1 Air Flows into Grilles
– 804.1.1 Powered Flow Hood
– 804.1.2 Air Flow Resistance
Chapter 8
804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
• 804.2 Air Flows Out of Grilles
– 804.2.1 Powered Flow Hood
– 804.2.2 Bag Inflation
Chapter 8
804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
804.X Air Flows Within Ducts
Performance Testing
Metrics for Buildings
HERS Index
HERS Index
HERS Index = PEF xTotal Energy Use: Rated Home
Total Energy Use: Reference HomeTotal Energy Use: Reference Home
Total Energy Used – On-Site Power Produced
Total Energy Used
PEF (Purchased Energy Fraction) =
HERS Rating of PH Project • Done as part of GEM Program
• Goal is create transparent, market-accepted vehicle to create
financial incentives for home performance upgrades.
• Working to use the HERS index to create standardized
premium that will communicate to:
– Buyers/Owners– Buyers/Owners
– Lenders
– Appraisers
HERS INDEX, CREATES MARKET STANDARDS
E-4
Compliments, RESNET, RMI, EQS, Inc
All Rights Reserved
HERS INDEX +
Appraisal Rating
E 1-5=Level of Building
Performance Efficiency E-1
E-2
E-3
Comp #1 Comp #2 Comp #3E
E R
ati
ng
Quantifies Energy Reductions
• .CRITERIA:
• Obtain utility cost baselines from utility-10-25
mile radius
• Use same square footage, similar age, quality
• Aggregate data for 4 or more houses closest to
subject property ____________________________
Utility
Regional/Neighborhood
Baseline Energy Usage
• Compare predicted energy costs-HERS Audit
• Calculate PV & DER averages for IPVs
Upgrade capital outlay = $44,500
$ 2400 Yr. Energy Savings = $32,954 IPV
$ Loan Interest Savings+ $21,546
Total Equity/Savings = $54,500
Pay off 9 years @ 20 Yr. Loan
$270 PMT
Predicted Energy Reduction
HERS Audit
HERS Index
LEED Certified, etc.
© Copyright 2012, EQS Inc, All Rights Reserved
Case Study: Austin, Texas
North
Wall Construction
H
A
R
D
I
P
¾X
P
S
¾
P
I
N
E
Cellulose
In a 2x4
Cavity
O
S
B
V
A
3” Space
Filled w
fiberglass
blown –in
insulation
Fiberglass in a
2x4 cavity
Mini shelves
5
/
8
”
G
Y
L
A
N
K
EMini Shelves
Made from
Landscape
fabric used
to avoid
settling every
36”
P
O
R
B
A
R
R
All Elec.
And
Plumbing
ran
through
this gap
Mini-
shelves
P
B
O
A
R
D
Windows• Inline fiberglass windows.
• Looked for the cheapest possible windows that will
meet the air infiltration standards and go from there.
• Inline 325 series double paned with low E 366 glass
was the cheapest (SHGC .19, glazing u .28, frame u was the cheapest (SHGC .19, glazing u .28, frame u
.26).
• SHGC was more important
than the frames or glazing.
• Going triple pane brought
Loads down by .04 of a kBtu
Specs
•Uninsulated Slab
•R-35 Walls
•R-50 Roof
•Fiberglass Windows 0.28/0.19
•9kBtuh Fujitsu Mini-Split (27.2 SEER)•9kBtuh Fujitsu Mini-Split (27.2 SEER)
•Zehnder ComfoUnit 350 (ERV)
•Rheem 2EF HP Water Heater
•CFM50 = 120
•ACH50 = 0.41
REM/Rate Energy Model
HERS Index = 40 (No PV)
HERS Index = -1 (w/ 6kW PV)
Heating 60Lights & App 560
Heating 60
Cooling 103
Water Heating 121
Lights & App 560
Service Charge 72
Energy Bills
• PHPP predicts monthly use of 1266 kWh.
• Actual:
– June 2011 975kWh
– July 2011 1055kWh
– August 2011 1250kWh– August 2011 1250kWh
Performance Testing
Metrics for Buildings
ESV3
ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes, Version 3 (Rev. 06)
• Prescriptive Path
• Performance Path
• ESV3 Reference Home• ESV3 Reference Home
• Thermal Enclosure System Rater Checklist
• HVAC System Quality Installation Rater Checklist
• HVAC System Quality Installation Contractor Checklist
• Water Management System Builder Checklist
• Indoor air PLUS Verification Checklist
TERC
HVAC Contractor
HVAC Rater
Water Management
Indoor airPLUS (EPA)
DoE Challenge Home
“The DOE Challenge Home — an ambitious
successor to the Builders Challenge program
— represents a whole new level of home — represents a whole new level of home
performance, with rigorous requirements
that ensure outstanding levels of energy
savings, comfort, health, and durability.”
DoE Challenge Home
•Exclusive
•Tech-Savvy
•Luxurious
•Quality Built•Tech-Savvy
•Advanced
•Ultra-Efficient
•Better Air Quality
•Quality Built
•Water Efficiency
•Enduring Value
Challenge Home – Exhibit 1
Challenge Home – Exhibit 2
Envelope Leakage
• IECC2009: 402.4.2 Air Sealing and Insulation
– 402.4.2.1 ACH50 ≤ 7
– 402.4.2.2 Visual Inspection Option
• ESV3: Exhibit 1 Envelope, Windows & Doors
– ACH50 ≤ 6 (CZ-1,2) ; ≤ 5 (CZ-3,4)
– ACH50 ≤ 4 (CZ-5,6,7) ; ≤ 3 (CZ-8)
• IECC2012: R404.4.2 Air Leakage (Mandatory)
– R402.4.1.1 ACH50 ≤ 5 (CZ1-2); ≤ 3 (CZ 3-8)
• PHIUS
– ACH50 ≤ 0.6 + TecTite Software required
Air Distribution Leakage
• IECC2009: 403.2.2 Sealing (Mandatory)– Rough-In Test: ≤ 6 CFM25T/100sf CFA (≤ 4 no AH)
– Post Construction Test: ≤ 8 CFM25T/100sf CFA
• IECC2012: R403.2.2 Sealing (Mandatory)– Rough-In Test: ≤ 4 CFM25T/100sf CFA (≤ 3 no AH)– Rough-In Test: ≤ 4 CFM25T/100sf CFA (≤ 3 no AH)
– Post Construction Test: ≤ 4 CFM25T/100sf CFA
• ESV3: Exhibit 1 Thermostats & Ductwork– Post Construction Test: ≤ 4 CFM25E/100sf CFA
– Post Construction Test: ≤ 8 CFM25T/100sf CFA
• Challenge Home– ESV3 + All ducts within thermal and air barrier boundary
Air Flow Testing
• ESV3: HVAC Rater/Contractor Checklists (Rev 06)• Whole House per ASHRAE 62.2-2010
• Kitchen Exhaust: ≥ 5ACH cont.; ≥ 100CFM intermittent
• Baths: ≥ 20CFM cont.; ≥ 50CFM intermittent•• System air flow measurement
• Air balance: greater of +/- 20% Room flow or 25CFM
• Pressure Relief to Aux Rooms ≤ 3Pa
• ERV/HRV Flow measurement*
PHIUS+
Additional testing and
verification requirements
•Blower Door
•Both +/- 50Pa•Both +/- 50Pa
•TecTite
•PHIUS+ ACH50
•Insulation
•Brine Loop/Earth Tube
•Ventilation T&B
•Ductwork T&B
•Dehumidification
Summary
• Home performance standards have common core
• Underlying testing procedures standardizing
• Allows for custom certifications by selectively
combining and tweaking existing protocols
• CZ-2A measured performance case study aligns w/
PHPP
• Overall lack of measured performance, currently
V&C based only thru construction
Introduction to Positive Energy:
Building Science Consulting
•Design/Construction Review
•IAQ Consulting & Testing
•Field Monitoring
•Electricity Use
•Psychrometrics•Psychrometrics
•Research Studies
•Education/Training
Building Science Forensics
•Moisture Issues
•Comfort Issues
•Performance Issues
•Warranty/Callback
Energy Modeling
• Residential
• Multi-family
• Commercial
• Net Zero Design• Net Zero Design
• Project Trade-offs
• Predicted Savings
HVAC Design
• HVAC Load calculations
• Air distribution systems
• System concept & design
• Multi-split system designs• Multi-split system designs
Building Performance &
Energy Code Testing• BD (ACH50)
• DB (CFM25-Tot/Ext)
• TESP/SP
• ZPD
• R2R∆T
• I2E∆T
• Delta Q
• Air Balance
• Thermography
• CAZ Testing
Program Compliance & Cx
• SF/MF/Comm Cx
• AEGB SF/MF/Comm
• Carrier HAP
• HERS
• ESV3
• CoA/CoSA
• IECC20XX• Energy Gauge • IECC20XX
• Passive House
• BASF Beyond
• NAHB NGBS
