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TESTING INSTRUMENTS

TESTING INSTRUMENTSFOR ENERGETIC MATERIALS

LABORATORIES

ozM RESEaRCh is a knowledge-based company formed by experienced explosives scientists and engineers with advanced academic degrees in this very special branch of chemical engineering.

The company’s core business consists of testing instruments, technologies and expert services for energetic materials – explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, and ammunition. The company is fully licensed in handling explosive materials and ammunition, as well as in foreign trade with these military materials.

CustoMEr supportCustomer-oriented approach regularly involves modifications and adaptations of the standard products for fitting the customer’s needs. Frequently, the products are manufactured type-specifically for providing optimum parameters to the customer. The company’s services do not end with sale and delivery of a product. Having the high expertise in the field of explosives and munitions, we are able to provide full assistance to the customer with fitting the products into the customer’s operations, with permitting by the authorities, standard operation procedures, testing methodologies, personnel training and other expert services.

WE arE Export-oriEntEdSince 1997 the company exported its products to many countries of the European Union, the United States, Asia and Latin America. Our major clients include military research & development and testing centres, forensic institutes, universities, explosives and ammunition manufacturers, nuclear power plants and other related industries.

our produCts & sErviCEs

Testing InstrumentsOZM Research is a leading manufacturer of special instruments for the testing of energetic materials. The manufactured instruments cover testing of stability and compatibility, sensitivity, and explosive performance of energetic materials in various testing programs.

Explosion-Resistant ContainersExplosion-resistant containers serve for safe transport and storage of highly sensitive explosive samples, improvised explosive devices and unexploded ordnance. These products include modular magazines for explosives minimizing necessary safety distances, reinforced mobile magazines for fireworks, mobile stores for explosives and ammunition or mobile bunkers for dangerous operations with explosives or ammunition.

Detonation ChambersIndustrial detonation chambers resistant against repeated detonations as part of manufacturing process and with a service life of 104 – 105 detonations are technologies that have served several of our industrial clients. Laboratory detonation chambers are similar products specially developed for scientific experiments, research work and testing in explosives laboratories.

ammunition Demilitarization TechnologiesMobile ammunition demilitarization technologies are designed for safe and environmentally-friendly disposal of ammunition outside of industrial facilities. Application of mobile demilitarization technologies eliminates the costs and risks connected with transport of dangerous, obsolete or unservisable ammunition for disposal.

TESTING INSTRUMENTS

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stabil 21vaCuuM stability tEstEr For ExplosivEs

parts & aCCEssoriEs

appliCationVacuum stability test is frequently used for determination of chemical stability and compatibility of energetic materials and for quality tests of energetic ingredients. The test is able to discover chemical instability of energetic materials due to the presence of destabilizing impurities, incompatibility with surrounding materials, or ageing, with high sensitivity, precision and reproducibility. Vacuum stability test finds its wide application in qualification, surveillance, manufacture, quality control and research & development of a wide range of energetic materials.

FEaturEs• Fully replaces old apparatuses with mercury-containing manometer

tubes.

• User-friendly software WINSTAB, automatic measurement and evaluation.

• Continuous volume-time record as a result of testing.

• Adaptable design of instrument and software according to customer’s needs.

• Calibrated volumes of the test tubes and pressure sensors.

• Automatic temperature calibration.

• Up to 20 simultaneous independent measurements in two heating blocks.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

• STANAG 4556, 4147, 4022/4, 4023, 4230, 4284 and 4566

WINSTaB software : Examples of experiment evaluation

Pressure and temperature sensor for ambient conditions

UniqUe design of test tUbes and transdUcer connections.

Long tradition – first eLectronic Vst tester deVeLoped oVer 40 years ago.

aUtomatic measUrement and eVaLUation.

HigH precision and Long term accUracy of pressUre measUrement.

Pressure transducer and testing tube

oThER NEWLY INNoVaTED PRoDUCTS

WINSTaB Test Site

ESD 2008aPrecise measurement of initiation energy increased to 25 J.

LS ESD 30-MILRobust case with IP54 protection for easy handling and outdoor applications.

produCt dEvElopMEnt highlightsSTABIL 21 FSKM-10BFH-10

DTA 552-ExAET 402HEATING BLOCKS

STojaN VESSEL SV-2

CaLoRIMETERS foR ExPLoSIVE MaTERIaLS

VoD-8

oThER NEW PRoDUCTSDR. MüLLER INSTRUMENTSEXPLO-5 SOFTWARE

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designed for tHe precise measUrement of initiation energy of energetic materiaLs in a wide range of spark energies (from 25 μJ to 25 J).

two modes of testing – osciLLating & damping – for sensitiVity testing of VarioUs cLasses of sampLes.

seVeraL modeLs of spark gap assembLies designed according to reqUirements of different standards or testing metHods.

Esd 2008asMall-sCalE ElECtrostatiC spark sEnsitivity tEstEr

appliCationElectrostatic discharge is one of the most frequent and the least characterized causes of accidental explosions of energetic materials. Sensitivity to electrostatic discharge (spark) is one of the main safety parameters crucial to the handling, processing and transportation of explosives. A small-scale electrostatic spark sensitivity test determines the amount of energy required for an electric spark to cause a tested sample to initiate. This testing method is used in the quality control of manufactured explosives, the characterization and qualification of new explosives, the surveillance of in-service explosives, research & development, and in many other testing programs.

ls Esd 30-MillargE-sCalE ElECtrostatiC disChargE sEnsitivity tEstEr

appliCation Sensitivity to initiation by electrostatic discharge is one of the main safety parameters important for the handling, processing or transportation of explosives. These testing methods are used in quality control of manufactured explosives, characterization and qualification of new explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives, R&D and many other testing programs.

designed for determination of eLectrostatic discHarge sensitiVity of HigH expLosiVes, propeLLants, ammUnition eLements or eLectronic deVices in tHe range of 0 - 30 kV VoLtage and 0 - 17 J spark energy.

seVeraL modes of testing – osciLLating & damping.

singLe or repeated discHarges.

set of cHangeabLe inbUiLt capacitors and resistors.

capabLe of testing VarioUs type and amoUnt of sampLes Up to seVeraL kiLograms.

FEaturEs• Allows for the precise measurement of both the total spark energy discharged into the sample and the fraction of this energy

that is absorbed by the sample to initiate its explosion. This feature allows for the exact determination of the minimum energy sufficient

for an accidental initiation of the sample.

• Designed to measure sensitivity of crystalline high explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, as well as primary explosives to electrostatic discharge.

• Two automatically operated testing stands designed for measurement by different spark gap assemblies.

» first testing stand designed for fixed distance of electrodes;

» second testing stand designed for approaching anode.

• External testing assemblies designed for testing a higher amount of samples of explosives.

• Two testing modes for samples according to their susceptibility to shock wave or thermal mechanism of initiation by the spark.

• Gas tight protection cap for simple collection and analysis of gaseous decomposition products.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

• EN 13938-2 Explosives for civil uses – Propellants and rocket propellants – Part 2: Determination of resistance to electrostatic energy

• EN 13763-13 Explosives for civil uses – Detonators and relays – Determination of resistance of electric detonators against electrostatic discharge.

• STANAG 4490

• MIL-STD-1751A Methods 1031, 1032 & 1033

parts & aCCEssoriEs

fixed electrode testing stand approaching anode testing stand

Spark gap assembly according to EN 13938-2 & EN 13763-13

parts & aCCEssoriEs

high voltage probe

Set-up of testing containerRemote control

FEaturEs• Allows measurement by two basic different testing modes:

» For large-scale testing of sensitivity to electrostatic discharge;

» For testing to determine resistance of explosive materials, ammunition or electronic elements against electrostatic discharge generated by the human body.

• Remote controlled operation of the apparatus using optical communication.

• Simple reversion of electrical polarity of the high voltage output.

• Robust case with IP54 protection for easy handling and outdoor applications.

• Testing samples weighing up to several kilograms by a series or individual discharges with constant spark energy of up to 17 J.

• The instrument can be used for evaluation of influence of temperature on the spark sensitivity.

• Simple and safe operation.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

• STANAG 4235, STANAG 4239, STANAG 4490,

• AECTP-500, AECTP-250

• MIL-STD-331B

• MIL-STD-1576

• MIL-STD-1751A

Left to right:ESD-3133-Ta Spark gap assembly according to MIL-STD-1751A methods 1031 & 1033ESD-ozM-Ta Spark gap assembly according to OZM/TNO/DTTXESD-32-Ta Spark gap assembly according to MIL-STD-1751A method 1032

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designed for determination of friction sensitiVity of energetic materiaLs in a wide range of friction Loads (from 0.1 to 360 n) in accordance witH tHe bam procedUre.

two Loading arms are aVaiLabLe – for sensitiVity testing of HigHLy sensitiVe expLosiVes (friction Loads Under 5 n) as weLL as Less sensitiVe expLosiVes (friction Loads Up to 360 n) witH one apparatUs.

HigH precision in moVement controL ensUred by digitaLLy-controLLed step motor.

FskM-10baM FriCtion sEnsitivity tEstEr

parts & aCCEssoriEs

bFh-10baM Fall haMMEr iMpaCt sEnsitivity tEstEr

parts & aCCEssoriEs

appliCation Impact sensitivity is one of the most important characteristics of energetic materials defining their safety in handling, processing or transportation. Its determination is a necessary part of characterization of new explosives, modified formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as for defining influences of impurities or ageing. It is also used in quality control of manufactured explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives and transport/storage classification of explosive materials.

FEaturEs• Protective box with standard instrument parts.

• Wide range of impact energies from 0.5 to 100 J.

• Maximum drop height of 1 m.

• Set of five drop weights from 0.5 kg to 10 kg.

• Drop weights with brass grooves for friction reduction.

• Pneumatic or electromagnetic releasing device operated via remote controller.

• Steel file plates for testing of combined impact and friction stimuli.

• Wide range of accessories.

• Consumables at reasonable prices.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

• UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods

• EN 13631-4:2002 Explosives for civil uses – High explosives – Part 4: Determination of sensitiveness to impact of explosives

• STANAG 4489: Explosives, Impact Sensitivity Tests

• European Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, method A14: Explosive properties

appliCation Friction of explosives between hard surfaces is one of the most frequent causes of accidental explosions. Determination of friction sensitivity is thus a necessary part of characterization of new explosives, modified formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as for defining influences of impurities or ageing. It is also used in quality control of manufactured explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives and transport/storage classification of explosive materials.

designed for determination of impact sensitiVity of energetic materiaLs in accordance witH tHe bam procedUre.

speciaL attention paid to precision (Low-friction brass grooVes for weigHts and nickeL coated gUides, caLibrated set of weigHts) and safety (remote controL, pneUmatic-controLLed reLeasing deVice, sHieLded protectiVe box).

FEaturEs• Completely stainless-steel design (friction apparatus, weights and

table frame).

• A unique ability to interchange the entire loading arm.

• 6-position loading arm along with a set of 9 standard weights loads from 5 to 360 N.

• 3-position loading arm along with a set of 14 light weights loads from 0.1 to 10 N.

• Digitally-controlled step motor allows to achieve high precision and control of the porcelain plate movement.

• Simple operation via coloured touch-screen panel.

• Working table covered by electrostatic dissipative rubber.

• Wide range of accessories.

• Consumables at reasonable prices.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

• UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods

• EN 13631-3:2004 Explosives for civil uses – High explosives – Part 3: Determination of sensitiveness to friction of explosives

• STANAG 4487: Explosives, Friction Sensitivity Tests

• European Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, method A14: Explosive properties

Light 3-position loading arm PEx-3a

Sampling spoon 10 mm3 made from conductive plastic

Touch panel guide

Standard set of 9 weights

Set of 5 drop weights

Steel guide rings and cylinders

file plate holder

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aEt 402autoMatiC Explosion tEMpEraturE tEstEr

dta 552-ExdiFFErEntial thErMal analyzEr

hEating bloCksFor stability tEsting

appliCation Explosion (ignition) temperature is defined as the temperature atwhich an explosive sample explodes (deflagrates, ignites) whenheated with constant rating rate. AET 402 can also be used for determination of time-to-explosion. It is defined as the time needed for ignition of a sample at a given constant temperature. The tester consists of a temperature controller and a heating block with multiple holes.

FEaturEs• Measures up to 5 samples simultaneously.

• Automatic determination of the explosion temperature using an explosion sensor.

• Saves operator’s time by eliminating the need to continuously watch the whole experiment and manually record the explosion temperature.

Designed to comply with the requirements of STANAG 4491.

appliCation The Differential Thermal Analyzer DTA 552-Ex was developed specifically for evaluation of thermal stability, purity, compatibility and decomposition parameters of energetic materials, which explosion may cause damage to standard commercial analyzers.

DTA as a method is applied for evaluation of thermal stability of explosive materials, their purity (melting point, solidification point), compatibility, thermal decomposition parameters. It is used in quality control of manufactured explosives, characterization and qualification of new explosives, surveillance of in-service explosives, research & development, and many other testing programs. Several other customer-defined instruments are manufactured, e.g. large-scale or high-pressure DTA.

FEaturEs• Robust design resistant against explosion of up to

several hundred milligrams of explosives.

• High sensitivity due to direct contact of one thermocouple with each sample.

• High precision and accuracy.

• Large variety of accessories.

• User-friendly software for data acquisition, analysis and archiving.

• Low costs of investment and operation.

Designed to comply with the requirements of STANAG 4515.

appliCation Several traditional tests for determination of chemical stability of energetic materials (mainly propellants) are based on heating samples at elevated temperatures and detecting their reactive decomposition products (NOX). This detection can be based on visual identification of coloured gases above the sample (65.5 °C Surveillance Test, Heat Storage Test at 100 °C), colour change of indicator papers (Abel Test, Methyl Violet Test, Heat Test), titration of acidity in water extract of the gases (Bergmann-Junk Test) or determination of weight loss (Holland Test, Dutch Test, Thomas Test). Heating at elevated temperatures is also used in artificial ageing of propellants (STANAG 4117, AOP-48).

Instruments for the heat tests consist of temperature controllers and heating blocks, each containing multiple (4 – 45) holes for the test tubes of appropriate size. Glass test tubes used for each different test are supplied with the instruments as well.

FEaturEs• High precision of temperature control.

• High safety (independent limit controller including switches against exceeding safety temperature).

• Robust design and long-term reliability. The instruments comply with the respective standards for particular heat tests and can be further modified upon customer’s request or designed type-specific.

vod-8dEtonating vEloCity MEasuring systEM

appliCationDetonation velocity is one of the main explosion parameter. The determination of the detonation velocity is based upon the measurement of the time interval needed for the detonation wave to travel a known distance through the explosive being tested

This method is based on the ability of the optical fibre to accept a light signal when the detonation wave arrives, and to transmit that signal to suitable measuring equipment, which enables precise recording of the time interval between the two signals. From the measured time interval and the corresponding distance travelled by the detonation wave, the detonation velocity is calculated.

FEaturEs

• Battery charged instrument equipped by internal memory for storage of 100 results, 4-line LCD display and water proof keyboard.

• Supplied accessories include optical extension line, optical probes, USB communication cable and software WinVOD for data acquisition.

• Impact resistant and water proof transport case.

• 7 independent timers measuring the time intervals between the illuminations of 8 optical probes in two operation modes.

• Simple operation.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

• EN 13631-14 Explosives for civil uses – High explosives – Part 14: Determination of velocity of detonation

instrUment is designed for precise measUrement of detonation VeLocity and/or tHe bUrning rate of expLosiVes based on opticaL fibre metHod.

opticaL probes are resistant against HUmidity and rf distUrbances and aLLow simpLe operation and fast setUp of measUrement.

Top view

front interface view

Transport case

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dr. MüllEr instruMEntshi-spEEd sEnsors

prEWaQprEssurE WavE analyzEr and QuantiFiEr

one UniqUe system for measUrement of VarioUs expLosion parameters.

portabLe and simpLe-to-Use design fULfiLLing specific cUstomer’s reqUirements.

measUrement of expLosion driVen eitHer by detonation or defLagration measUrement.

appliCation The measuring system PREWAQ offers measurement of pressure wave parameters generated by any kind of explosion. This universal tool could be applied not only under open sky but could be also designed for measurement in closed space (e.g. explosion chamber).

The DT modification of the system is used for measurement of extremely fast explosions driven by detonation mechanism and parameters change in order of tens microseconds.

The DF modification is intended for measurement of explosions driven by deflagration mechanism so the change of parameters happen in order of tens of milliseconds.

According to required measurements (type, speed and maximal measured values) the PREWAQ is equipped by the set of sensors together with appropriate cables and perhaps even with stands or holders.

FEaturEs• Measurement of up to either 4 or 8 input channels according to

PREWAQ version.

• Simultaneous measurement of pressure, temperature (heat radiation), velocity of detonation and/or light.

• System is intended for measurement, storage and evaluation of explosion parameters.

• Recording and control system is protected by case with IP54/20.

• Battery supply for up to two hours of operation and optional armor covering.

• Graphical output of measured data in formats suitable for spreadsheet and database editors are a standard.

• User-friendly software for apparatus operation, data recording and evaluation.

prEssurE MEasurEMEnt Fast sensors for pressure measurements in gaseous and liquid medium. State of the art device for measuring high frequency pressure changes with rise intervals of only a few nanoseconds in gases and liquids.

OZM Research has signed a distribution agreement with Dr. Müller Instruments for Eastern Europe. Product program consists of state of the art measurement technologies for measurement of pressure in liquids and gasses, measurement of pressure distribution with Fuji Prescale Film, measurements of temperature and heat flux, and measurement of fluid motion. With its unique sensors for high frequency measurements, with rise intervals of only a few nanoseconds, Müller is the choice for shock and blast wave experiments. Pressure sensitive films, shapeable thermocouples with respond times in the range of a few microseconds, thin film gauges and hot wire anemometers, together with periphery devices, complete the product instrument portfolio.

Piezoelectric PVDf Pressure Gauge series M60 Müller-Platte Needle Probe

Pressure Sensitive film - fuji Prescale filmCan be used in almost all sorts of measurement of surface pressure, or simply to show the pressure distribution. The films may be used in both air and water.

Fluid Motion MEasurEMEnt

tEMpEraturE and hEat Flux MEasurEMEnts

Thermocouple with Increased Sensitivity MTISCoaxial thermocouple of TIS type with highest sensitivity of about 180 µV/K.

Thin film Thermometer MTfT Measurement of static to high transient surface temperatures with response times in the range of microseconds. The Thin Film Thermometer is recommended for measurements in clean conditions and moderate heat fluxes.

Coaxial Thermocouple MCT High frequency measurement for heat flux determination adaptable to any surface shapes.

Micro hot Wire anemometersThermal anemometers for 1-, 2-, or 3-dimensional air flows

Dr. Müller Instruments Piezoelectric PVDf Pressure Gauge series M60for use with PREWaQ

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ClosEd vEssEl rb-400MEasurEMEnt oF ballistiC propErtiEs oF propEllants

stoJan vEssEl sv-2advanCEd instruMEnt For MEasurEMEnt oF thE burning ratE oF solid roCkEt propEllants in a ClosEd vEssEl

appliCation Determination of burning rate of solid rocket propellants is usually carried out in a Crawford Bomb or in a small-scale rocket motor at constant pressures. With a classic Crawford Bomb, about 10 individual shots are necessary to get the required burning rate plot in the whole pressure range, while using very complicated and expensive instrumentation. The newly developed Stojan Vessel is a much simpler and safer instrument applying advanced mathematical procedure for calculation of burning rate - pressure plot from experimental data of a single shot only. The mathematical procedure has proved to be in very good correlation with experimental results from multiple-shot measurements in the Crawford Bomb or in the small-scale rocket motor.

FEaturEs• Quick assessment of ballistic behavior of new or modified rocket

propellant formulations in their research, development and testing.

• Quality control during manufacture of rocket propellants.

• Determination of ageing influence on ballistic behavior of rocket propellants.

• Surveillance of in-service rocket propellants.

tHe principLe of tHis metHod is based on tHe most modern compUtationaL and baLListic procedUres for determination of bUrning beHaVior of soLid rocket propeLLants.

Pressure - time p(t) plots measured Burning rate - pressure u(p) plots calculated from experimental p(t) data

Comparison of calculated burning rate - pressure plot from the Stojan Vessel (green line) with experimental data from a Small-Scale Rocket Motor (green datapoints)

tHis UniqUe simpLe-to-Use instrUment is capabLe of fULLy repLacing tHe compLicated crawford bomb eqUipment.

a singLe sHot is sUfficient for pLotting bUrning rates in tHe wHoLe pressUre range.

Pressure - time p(t) plots measured Pressure gradient dp/dt - pressure p plots calculated from experimental data

Vivacity - p/pmax plots calculated from experimental data

appliCation Closed Vessel is used for the measuring of pressure increase curve during burning of different propellant types in constant volume.

The behavior of the propellant tested is predicted. Thus, by using the Closed Vessel, the number of shots from a real weapon is minimized. Data obtained from tests in the Closed Vessel are also used for the development of new propellants and for the control of regular powder types.

From the values measured it is possible to obtain information about the tested propellant using recording and evaluation device with special software. Propellant characteristics calculated from measured values are e.g. max pressure, vivacity, pressure gradient, covolume, burning rate, etc.

RB400 is high-pressure closed vessel – volume of 400 ccm, pressure range of up to 500 MPa (5000 bar) – constructed from high strength steel with cooling jacket on the outer surface. It is equipped by temperature sensor, by piezo-electrical pressure transducer, by two outlet valves and by specially sealed breech screw. The breech screw is equipped by ignition device – either electrical or mechanical – providing possibility of both types of ignition. Closed vessel is settled in stand, which allows its position change and fixation in the range of 180°.

Other versions of closed vessels with combustion chamber volumes 10, 40, 80, 500 and 700 ccm are available.

Designed to comply with the requirements of the following standards of testing:

• MIL-STD-286

• STANAG 4115

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OZM Research has recently developed a new series of testing instruments for combustion, explosion and detonation calorimetry. They allow to measure combustion heats of pyrotechnics and propellants, explosion heats of combustible dust dispersions and detonation heats of high explosives in closed bombs of 5 - 20 liter volume and in different gaseous atmospheres (air, nitrogen, argon, oxygen).

CaloriMEtErs For ExplosivE MatErials

Special stainless steel types of the calorimetric bombs allow to measure highly energetic metalized or corrosive substances and to repeatedly detonate explosive charges up to 25 g TNT equivalent.

Simultaneous dynamic pressure - time measurements for the deflagration and detonation processes are integrated in the control panel of the equipment.

Explo5 soFtWarEEXPLO5 is a thermo-chemical computer code that predicts detonation properties (such as composition of detonation products, detonation velocity, pressure, temperature, heat, etc.) of high explosives, and combustion properties of propellants under constant volume or constant pressure conditions (such as composition of combustion products, pressure in closed vessel, heat and temperature of combustion, specific impulse, force, etc.). As such, EXPLO5 is important tool in synthesis, formulation, and numerical modelling of energetic materials.

The calculation of detonation parameters in EXPLO5 is based on the chemical equilibrium, steady-state model of detonation. The equilibrium composition of detonation products is calculated applying free energy minimisation technique.

The program uses Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson (BKW) equation of state for gaseous detonation products and Murnaghan or Cowan-Fickett’s equation of state for solids products.

The program is designed so that it enables the calculation of chemical equilibrium composition and thermodynamic parameters of state along shock adiabate of detonation products, the CJ state and detonation parameters at the CJ state, as well as parameters of state along the expansion isentrope.

It uses non-linear curve fitting subroutine to fit relative volume-pressure data along expansion isentrope according to Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) model, enabling the calculation of detonation energy available for performing mechanical work.

For the calculation of combustion performances under constant pressure or under constant volume conditions, the program uses the ideal gas or the virial equation of state. The virial coefficients of individual gaseous species are calculated from the intermolecular potential equations.

The ExPLo5 software is developed by Dr. Muhamad Suceska.

All the calorimeters apply highly precise calorimetric baths equipped with multiple non-linear thermistors with 0.0001 K resolution and good thermal regulation, providing an estimated experimental error in 0.1 % range.

The calorimeters are PLC-controlled and equipped with touch-panels with user-friendly software for experiment preparation, data acquisition, processing and archiving.

high pressure oxygen calorimeter BCa 500

Calorimetric detonation bomb for 25 g TNT eq.

DCa5

Operation of ExPLo5 is simple and the program run starts with only one edit window. The easy and intuitive program operation can be viewed via the screenshot of the ExPLo5’s edit window on the left.

Together with the calculation results the running calculation are displayed in the Preview / Run window. An example of the calculation results is shown in the screenshot on the left.

The calculation results are automatically stored in MS Excel format so as to allow the user to evaluate and manipulate the data by the MS Excel program.

DEToNaTIoN ChaMBERS DEToNaTIoN ChaMBERS

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Laboratory detonation chambers allow to safely carry out detonation experiments directly inside explosives laboratories. They can be used for scientific investigations, research, development and testing in the area of energetic materials, confined explosions and related applications such as explosive forming of metals or safe disposal of laboratory explosive wastes.

Laboratory detonation chambers are designed to withstand repeated detonations of up to 250 g TNT. The explosive charges are installed on a working table inside the chambers and safely fired by electric detonators connected to firing contacts at the chambers. Gas-tight valves on the chamber body enable creating different gas atmospheres within the chamber, as well as sampling, evacuation and flushing of the post-explosion gases. The chambers are furthermore equipped with multiple windows, which can be used for installing various optical or electrical measuring instruments for investigations of the detonation processes.

Different types of full scale performance and sensitivity tests can be executed within the chambers such as measurement of detonation velocity, pressure-time and temperature-time records of confined explosions, brisance and explosive power tests (Hess, Kast, PDT, Trauzl), high-speed optical and X-ray photography, gap tests, cook-off tests, electrostatic discharge sensitivity tests, etc.

laboratory dEtonation ChaMbErsIndustrial detonation chambers are automated machinery designed to withstand repeated detonations with equivalent of 2 – 16 kg TNT and applied in serial manufacturing operations, such as:

• Large-scale or frequent scientific detonation experiments.

• Quality control tests in explosives or ammunition manufacture.

• Manufacture of artificial diamonds and nanocarbon.

• Explosive working of metals (hardening, cladding, welding, cutting, pressing).

• Environmentally friendly disposal of ammunition and explosive wastes.

• Forensic investigation and safe disposal of improvised explosive devices.

During more than 40 years of service, these industrial detonation chambers have proven to have a long service life (> 100,000 detonations) and reliable, safe and simple operation with low investment and operating costs. The industrial detonation chambers are manufactured in three design lines – vertical, horizontal and special-purpose – all equipped with hydraulic systems, control panels for fully automatic remote operations and, where required, with appropriate pollution abatement systems for off-gases.

spECial-purposE dEtonation ChaMbErs (For 2 – 5 kg TNT) Designed type-specifically for the required application (e.g. manufacture of artificial diamonds).

industrial dEtonation ChaMbErs

vErtiCal dEtonation ChaMbErs (For 2 – 5 kg TNT) They open and close with back-folded cupola and are more suitable for compact charges.Equipped with anti-fragment shields.

horizontal dEtonation ChaMbErs (For 8 – 16 kg TNT) They open and close by a cover moving on rails and are more suitable for elongated charges.

SToRaGE CoNTaINERS SToRaGE CoNTaINERS

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5 – 10 kg tnt eq. storagEsaFE storagE oF ExplosivE stoCks nEarby laboratoriEs

• Small stores for 5 – 10 kg TNT eq. of explosive samples attached directly to laboratory buildings.

• Safety distances from 2 meters to buildings and public roads.

• All fragments caught, shock wave reduced to safe levels and overpressure released through ventilating chimneys, without moving the container from its position.

• Tested to full TNT capacity and fragment resistance (122 mm – 152 mm cal. HEF projectiles).

• Containers can be transported on trailers or light trucks (applied also to IED/UXO transport).

101 – 103 kg tnt eq. storagEstoragE ModulEs For Expanding thE CapaCity oF storagE rooMs

• Storage modules protecting from mutual transfer of explosion.

• Minimization of safety distances / maximization of storage capacity of existing storage rooms.

• Safety distances corresponding to content of one module (up to 2.5 kg TNT) despite total stored amount in the storage room (up to several tons).

• Storage of otherwise incompatible classes of explosive materials in one room. » e.g. detonators together with high explosives

• Modules designed for mounting to walls with variable heights and widths.

• Non-sparking and water-tight lids, antistatic rubber tightening.

Storage module ISS

Capacity [kg TNT] 2 x 2.5 kg

Maximum weight [kg] 245

Maximum outside dimensions L x W x H [mm]

588 x 400 x 803

Internal dimensions of one tube ∅ x L [mm] 324 x 500

j-10KV

j-5KV j-10KV

Capacity [kg TNT] 5 10

Maximum weight [kg] 1500 2800

Maximum outside dimensions L x W x H [mm] 2100 x 1310 x 1910 2350 x 1670 x 2000

Effective internal space L x W x H [mm] 700 x 450 x 250 750 x 490 x 360

20 – 500 g tnt eq. storagEsaFE storagE oF sMall ExplosivE saMplEs insidE laboratoriEs

portablE gas-tight Explosion-rEsistant ContainErs• Full protection of life and property in case of accidental explosion.

• All explosion effects contained inside, no release of shock wave, fragments, flame or toxic gases.

• Overpressure of gases safely released after explosion through manually opened valves.

• Possibility of repeated use after accidental explosion inside.

• Zero safety distances: can be stored directly inside laboratories.

• Portable for transport of the explosive samples outside laboratories on public roads.

• Inserts made of antistatic rubber for eliminating risks of friction or spark discharge.

• Quick opening and closing mechanisms.

j-025 j-120G1 j-200G j-500G

Capacity [g TNT] 20 120 200 500

Maximum weight [kg] 7 25 95 380

Maximum outside dimensions L x W x H [mm]

155 x 145 x 420 330 x 330 x 825 600 x 600 x 1040 1250 x 720 x 700

Effective internal space L x W x H [mm]

150 x ∅ 40 300 x ∅ 75 560 x ∅ 130 500 x 300 x 300

j-200G

j-500G

j-025

j-120G1

SToRaGE CoNTaINERS SaMPLE PREPaRaTIoN

19 20

rEMotE saMpling & saMplE prEparation

prEssing toolsSeveral sensitivity or performance tests (gap tests, brisance tests, detonation velocity, etc.) require the use of samples of high explosives or pyrotechnics in a form of pressed pellets. OZM Research offers a wide range of pressing tools for preparation of the charges, ranging from 5 mm to 100 mm charge diameter and creating pellets with flat surfaces, detonator entries, central holes or conical shapes. We can also provide a complete pressing station equipped with remote control hydraulic press and installed within an explosion-proof bunker. Design of the pressing tools and complete station originates from long-term experience with these manufacturing tools in the explosives and ammunition industry.

CnC MaChining CEntErsOZM Research develops and supplies multifunctional CNC machining centers for cutting, milling, turning and drilling of energetic materials such as rocket propellants and high explosives. These techniques are typically used for:

• Cutting of large rocket propellant grains to smaller blocks for artificial ageing or mechanical properties tests.

• Machining of the propellant blocks to “dog-bones” or other specific shapes for mechanical, sensitivity and performance tests (gap tests, spark tests, Stojan vessel tests).

• Turning of the rocket propellant samples for removal of insulation layers and obtaining chips for chemical stability testing.

• Precise sampling of the rocket propellants by automated drilling from predefined spots for plasticizer migration.

• Precise sampling of high explosives from the warheads and grenades by automated drilling in predefined spots.

The multifunctional CNC machining centers are developed with consideration of all risky situations leading to accidental initiation such as excessive friction on moving parts, electric or mechanical sparks and hot surfaces. All the electrical components used are appropriately protected, hard friction areas or moving contacts of sparking metals are minimized, explosive dust is continuously removed, tool temperature is continuously measured and operation carefully observed by cameras, fire detectors and automatic fire extinguishers. The CNC machining centers can be installed within mobile explosion-proof bunkers, with a control room and auxiliary equipment located in nearby buildings or mobile containers.

Explosion-rEsistant MagazinEsup to 1000 kg oF EnErgEtiC MatErials

PYRo-1 PYRo-2 aMMo-3 aMMo-4 aMMo-6

Capacity up to 1000 kg

HD 1.3as PYRO-1 + 45 kg

HD 1.1up to 10 kg TNT

(50 kg TNT in modules)up to 10 kg TNT

(80 kg TNT in modules)up to 10 kg TNT

(120 kg TNT in modules)

Maximum weight [ton] 10 11 9 13 18

Dimensions L x W x H [m]

4.3 x 2.5 x 2.6 4.3 x 2.5 x 2.6 3.0 x 2.4 x 2.6 4.3 x 2.4 x 2.6 6.1 x 2.4 x 2.6

expLosion-resistant magazines witH sHort safety distances for instaLLation inside compLexes of testing Laboratories.

standardized sHape for easy transport and instaLLation.

pyro MagazinEs• Storage of non-detonating materials of HD (hazard division)

1.3 and 1.4.

• Made of high-strength fire-resistant concrete panels.

• Large pressure-venting areas (ceiling, doors), steel grid in ceiling, light metal sheet roof, steel doors.

• Smooth internal surfaces for easy maintenance.

• Storage capacity of 1 ton of HD 1.3 materials (pyrotechnics, propellants).

• Without storage limit for HD 1.4 materials (small arms ammo).

• Safety distances from 1 meter (HD 1.4) to 50 meters (HD 1.3).

• PYRO-2: The modified design with an internal wall for section of storage modules for 45 kg of HD 1.1 pyrotechnic mixtures (black powder, flash powder)

fLoor Heating, air conditioning, tHermaL insULation, expLosion-proof LigHts, HigH-secUrity doors, intrUsion and fire aLarms, aUtomatic fire extingUisHing systems as optionaL accessories.

Sampling of explosive materials from live ammunition and preparation of compact samples for mechanical, sensitivity or performance tests are integral parts of many research & development, quality control and surveillance programs for new, regularly manufactured or in-service energetic materials and ammunition. These sampling and sample preparation procedures are however one of the most dangerous operations with inherent risks of accidental explosions. This is why these operations shall be carried out remotely without direct presence of personnel and with protection of surroundings against effects of eventual explosions.

aMMo MagazinEs• Armored structures for storage of detonating materials of HD 1.1

and 1.2.

• Designed to resist internal explosion of up to 10 kg TNT or cal. 152 mm HEF projectile.

• Can store up to 120 kg TNT and keep structural integrity if equipped with storage modules.

• Trapping all fragments and debris from internal explosion, attenuating the shock wave.

• Minimum safety distances (from 2 meters) allowing storage of explosives in urban areas.

• Allowing common storage of otherwise incompatible materials.

• Customer-tailored design with variable length, door types, armored windows and cable inputs.

• Applicable also as protection bunkers for high-risk remote operations and ballistic tests.

• Resistant against burglary, small arms fire, hand grenade attacks.

SPECIALIZED SERVICES

21

RefeRenceseXPeRT seRVIcesOZM Research is a knowledge-based company formed by a group of experienced explosives scientists and engineers with advanced academic degrees in this very special branch of chemical engineering. Our Expert Services cover a wide range of activities where deep and very specific knowledge and experience of our experts in energetic materials and industrial safety can be beneficial for our clients. Since the company’s establishment we have successfully dealt with topics so diverse as:

• stability, sensitivity and performance testing of military energetic materials;

• analysis of thermal stability of radioactive wastes;

• modeling of explosion effects of explosives, gas and dust clouds and physical explosions (e.g. BLEVE);

• experimental evaluation of risks of compressed gas explosions;

• risk analyses of industrial accidents involving explosions and other physical effects;

• air blast shock wave and heat measurements in open field, tunnels and closed structures;

• development of insensitive military explosives;

• development of enhanced blast explosives;

• methods for neutralization and safe disposal of improvised explosives;

AlbaniaMinistry of Defence

AlgeriaMinistry of Defence

AustraliaORICA

AustriaAustin Powder

AzerbaijanMinistry of Defence

BelgiumRoyal Military Academy

BrazilIBQ Industrias Quimicas

BulgariaArcus Co.

CanadaCanadian ExplosivesResearch LaboratoryORICAPublic Works and Government Services Canada

ChinaChina Academy of Safety Science and Technology BeijingNational Registration Center for Chemicals, SAWS (NRCC)ShaanXi Fireworks Inspection StationShenhua Group Zhungeer Energy Co.Xi´an Modern Chemistry Research Institute

CroatiaMinistry of DefenceUniversity of Zagreb

Czech RepublicAustin DetonatorČEZ – Nuclear Power PlantsExplosiaIndet Safety Systems Ministry of DefenceMinistry of InteriorNuclear Research InstitutePolicske strojirnySTV GroupSynthesiaNuclear Fuels Research Institute PrahaVOP-026 SternberkZeveta Ammunition

EgyptMinistry of Defence

FranceCNRS French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis InerisSTPE Division Scientifique

GeorgiaExpress Diagnostic

GermanyBWBDIEHLFisher-ScientificFraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie ICTLudwig-Maximilians University of Munich

GreeceNational Technical University of Athens

HungaryHM Arzenal

IndiaHEMRL TBRLVikram Sarabhai Space Centre

ItalyAVIO Aerospace Propulsion

JordanMinistry of Defence

MalaysiaSTRIDE Weapons Technology Division

NATONAMSA

NetherlandsTNO Prins Maurits Laboratory

PakistanNational University of Science & Technology

PolandInstytut Przemyslu OrganicznegoMESKOWarsaw University of Technology

RomaniaMilitary Technical Academy

SerbiaEvaco International

SingaporeAdvanced Material EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversityNational University of Singapore

SlovakiaKonštrukta DefenceMinistry of DefenceVOP NovákyZTS InmartZVS Holding

South AfricaAfrican Explosives Limited Denel Land Systems

South KoreaAgency for Defence DevelopmentHanwhaPoongsan

SwedenDyno Nobel Sweden AB

SwitzerlandArmasuisse

TurkeyRoketsan Missile IndustriesTubitak ManTubitak Sage

UKChemring Energetics UKUniversity of Warwick

UNInternational Atomic Energy Agency

USAAlliant Techsystems Inc. Fauske & AssociatesLifeSparc Inc.Los Alamos National LaboratoriesMcAlester Army Ammunition PlantUS Army ARDEC Picatinny Arsenal

VietnamMilitary Technical AcademyInstitute Of Propellant And ExplosiveChemical Manufacture 21 of General Department of Defense IndustryIndustry Explosive Material Centre

• technologies for explosive forming of metals;

• methods for preparation of pure standards of explosives;

• complex technology analysis of ammunition demilitarization programs;

• development of type-specific technologies for recovery and recycling of demilitarized explosives and propellants;

• preparation of permitting documentation and SOPs for the explosives technologies.

TESTING INSTRUMENTS

China (1)StrongWave TechnologiesXi’an City, P. R. ChinaTel.: +86 29 8793 8709Mobile: +86 139 091 880 35Fax: +86 29 8793 8010E-mail: strongwave@strongwave.comwww.strongwave.com

China (2)Idea Science Technology CorporationBeijing, P. R. ChinaTel.: +8610 84775602, 84775603Fax: +8610 84786587E-mail: info@idea17.comwww.idea17.com

EgyptNoor Scientific & Trade Cairo, EgyptTel.: +202 432 9148Fax: +202 203 4350E-mail: survey@noor-scientific.comwww.noor-scientific.com

FranCE, algEria, MoroCCoContact: Mr. Jean-Marie MorandTel.: +33 160 26 26 52Mobile: +33 619 39 63 40E-mail: jemamorand@aol.com, stpediv@aol.com

gErManyDr. Müller Instruments Oberursel, GermanyTel.: +49 6172 380 37 27Fax: +49 6172 177 077 4E-mail: info@mueller-instruments.dewww.Mueller-Instruments.de

indiaVenture Technologies Bangalore, IndiaTel.: +91 80 65 72 7320Mobile: +99 720 17793Fax: +91 80 25 25 0772E-mail: vijpras@vsnl.netwww.venturetechnologies.net

indonEsiaPT Radin Nusa Digna Malang, IndonesiaContact: Widyanto Budihardjo Tel.: +62 341 320 090, 321 626Mobile: +62 813 3470 9360Fax: +62 341 321 626

MalaysiaSII MalaysiaSubang Jaya, MalaysiaTel.: +60 3 5633 1432Fax: +60 3 5633 0811E-mail: steven.siimalaysia@gmail.com

pakistanBlue Chip International Karachi, PakistanTel.: +92 21 4310009Mobile: +92 300 522 1637, 314 200 2393Fax: +92 21 4532635E-mail: Taufiq@BlueChipIntl.comwww.BlueChipIntl.com

polandJAKUSZ Kościerzyna, PolandTel.: +48 58 686 5053Fax: +48 58 686 4909E-mail: handlowy@jakusz.com.plwww.jakusz.com

intErnational salEs rEprEsEntativEs

roManiaBIP Tel.ecomBucuresti, RomaniaTel.: +40 21 327 2602Mobile: +40 722 242 126Fax: +40 21 320 0815E-mail: dragos.iorga@bip.rowww.bip.ro

sErbia, bosnia & hErzEgovina, MontEnEgroANALYTICSBeograd, SerbiaTel.: +381 632 895 66E-mail: analytics@sezampro.rs

singaporEIntertech AllianceSingaporeTel.: +65 9732 2893E-mail: leenor_tiotu@yahoo.com.sg

south korEaENSOL Co.Daejeon, Republic of KoreaTel.: +82 42 477 7465Mobile: +82 16 565 0526Fax: +82 42 477 7466E-mail: hong@ensol.co.kr, hyhong26@hanmail.netwww.ensol.co.kr

viEtnaM, CaMbodia, laosHienquang Co.Hanoi, VietnamTel.: +84 4 761 77 53Mobile: +84 913 537 940 Fax: +84 4 761 76 91E-mail: hienquang@fpt.vn, hienquang@vietTel..vn

ozM RESEaRCh s.r.o.Blížňovice 32538 62 Hrochův TýnecCzech RepublicEuropean Union

tel.: +420 469 692 341Mobile: +420 608 742 777Fax: +420 469 692 882E-mail: ozm@ozm.cz

www.ozm.cz