Testing201:GravityGreaseInterceptors(GGIs)

Tacklinga2000lbgorilla

Dr.GregWilliams,P.Eng.ManagingDirector,GoodHarbourLaboratories

NSFFOGWorkshop,February27,2018

Definitions & Basics

•  TheUniformPlumbingCodereferstoASMEA112.14.3,whichisverygeneral:

– Greaseinterceptor:plumbingappurtenance(s)thatis(are)installedinthesanitarydrainagesysteminordertointerceptoilyandgreasywastesfromwastewaterdischarges

Interceptor Definitions

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Definitions & Basics

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•  HoweverA112.14.3doesspecifythattheflowratingmustbe<100gpm(oritcan’tbetested)andtheinstallationmustbeoneof4types:f

1.  Externalflowcontrol,withairintake,direct2.  Externalflowcontrolwithoutairintake,direct3.  Noexternalflowcontrol,direct4.  Noexternalflowcontrol,indirect

Interceptor Definitions Cont’d

Definitions & Basics

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•  Sometimebetween1996and2007,theForewordofG-101startedtostatethedifferencebetweenHMISandGGIs–  hydraulicflowaction+airentrainment+gravityvs.gravity–  Also,HMIsfollowtheflowandinstallationconstraintsofA112.14.3

•  By2009thedefinitionofHMImadeitintoIAPMOIGC273

HMI’S

Definitions & Basics

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Interceptor Definitions - GGI

•  GravityGreaseInterceptors(GGIs)–fromthe2009UniformPlumbingCode:

Aplumbingappurtenanceorappliancethatisinstalledinasanitarydrainagesystemtointerceptnonpetroleumfats,oils,andgreases(FOG)fromawastewaterdischargeandisidentifiedbyvolume,thirty(30)minuteretentiontime,baffle(s),notlessthantwo(2)compartments,atotalvolumeofnotlessthanthree-hundred(300)gallons,andgravityseparation.[TheseinterceptorscomplywiththerequirementsofChapter10oraredesignedbyaregisteredprofessionalengineer.]Gravitygreaseinterceptorsaregenerallyinstalledoutside.

HMI vs GGI

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•  SincethedistinctionisrelativelyrecentandappearsonlyintheForewordofPDIG-101andnotinthebodyitseemsalittleinformalbutitiswidelyacceptednow–  Goodorbadthedistinctionisuseful

•  Whataboutretentiontime?

Retention Time

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•  GGIshavea30minretentiontime,pertheUPC•  Sincetheyalsohaveaminimumvolume(300gal)theyhaveaminimumflowrateof10gpm–  Thereisnomaximumflowrate

•  HMIhavea1minretentiontimeper???–  PDIG-101Section3.1,specifies2compartments,Section5.3specifiesthatcompartmentvolume(gal)=flowrate(GPM),Section7.3specifiesdischargingbothsinks,thereforePDIimpliesa2minutetest.ASME112.14.3specifies≤126s

•  Nowhereisretentiontimeactuallyspecified–  Thevolumeoftheunitisnotdiscussed

•  Thefactthata1minuteretentiontimeforHMIsisgenerallyacceptedbutnotwrittenintoactualtestprotocols,alongwiththeotherdefinitionwehavediscussed,createsasituationinwhichtestingGGIsisnotcurrentlypossible

•  Thiswillbediscussedinthenextsection

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Why does this matter?

ExistingTestProtocols

Existing Test Protocols

Existing Performance Test Standards

•  HMIscanbetestedto–  PDI-G101–  ASME112.14.3–  CSAB481.1–  CSAB481.2–  EN1825-1

Existing Test Protocols

Existing Performance Test Standards Cont’d

•  GGIscanbetestedto:

But seriously….

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•  Thereareinfactsomeprotocolsforlargerinterceptors:–  IGC273-2009wasintendedforinterceptorsover100gpm,neverused.BasicallyPDIwithmoresinks.

–  NSFSE15741isforinterceptorswithcapacitiesover200%oftheminimumsdefinedinA112.14.3i.e.4lbs/gpm

•  Theyhaveneverbeenusedbecausetheyareimpractical,perhapsimpossible–  NSFhasrun15741andapparentlyitworkedwell,thoughthedataisnot

public

Impractical

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•  TheHMIcapacityrequirementisdefinedintermsofflowrate,2lbgrease/gpm

•  Thedetentiontimeruleofthumbeffectivelymakesvolumeequaltoflowratesocapacityrequirementbecomes2lbgrease/gallonofinterceptorvolume

•  Ifa“typical”GGIhasa1000gallonvolume,thatis1tonofgrease

Lard

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•  Melting2000lboflardrequires:–  Someonetomanagelardmoreorlessfulltime–  Energyconsumedwouldbearound40kWh,notthatmuchbutallwaste

•  Thislard,whichcosts~0.70/lbtobuy,isalsowaste

Time

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•  IGC273&PDIG-101allowtestingofhigherflowinterceptors(wewillassumethismeanshighervolumetoo)usingthesametestPDIG-101test

•  100gpmPDItestcanberuninonedayandwillresultin

retentionof~200lboflard,soa1000gallonGGIwillrequire10daysoftesting–  Impactofstoppingatnightandonweekends?

•  NSF15741allowsaccelerationthatshouldreducetherequirednumberofrunsto~30whichmakesita3daytest

NSF SE 15741

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•  A3-5daythatwastes~$1400withoflardisnotidealbutwhynotuseit?

•  Itwillnotbe3-5daysand$1400–  Itwillbemuchmorepainfulthanthat

An HMI test for GGIs

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•  AnHMIturnsover~2completevolumeseachrun,underthecircumstance90%+removalisveryimpressive

•  A1000gallonGGIwillturnover≤20%ofitsvolumeeachrun,itwouldhavetobedesignedtofailinordertoget<90%removal

•  Assumingefficiencyequivalenceintermsofvolumestreatedactuallyputsyouatafactorof20soassuming10timestherunsisconservative

Scaling the Test

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•  PDIandNSFallowfor>100gpmflowratepertestbyaddingmoresinks

•  Notethatscalingflowrequiresscalingvolumeandviceversa

•  Thisiswherethe“impossible”fromslide14comesin–  Flowsover100gpmprobablydon’tmakesenseandthereisnooptiontoscalejustvolume

Impossible?

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•  Theexistingprotocolscallforaddingidenticalsinksinseriesinordertoachievethedesiredflowratesfortestingabove100gpm– Thisaddsresistance(morepipe)butnomoredrivingforcesoflowswillnotincreaseasexpected.Thereisalsothechallengeofbalancingflowsinamanifold.Idonotthinkanyoneknowswhatwillactuallyhappen

Manifolds

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According to this presentation…

Manifolds (Cont’d)

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Calculating Flow through Manifolds looks something like this…

Manifolds (Cont’d)

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And this…

Manifolds (Cont’d)

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And this…

•  Andevensothereareempiricalcoefficients

FutureGGIProtocol

Future GGI Testing

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•  TherewasanIAPMOsubcommittee,Z1001.1,thatwasworkingonaGGIprotocolbutasfarasIknowthisefforthasstalled

•  Thisleavesthefieldwideopenforprotocoldevelopment,withthesignificantconstraintthatthetestmustbereasonablycomparabletoPDI-G101–  Theenduserneedstobeabletocompare

Addressing the Lard Problem

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•  CSAB481.2usesoilinsteadoflard–  Theinjectionmethodisalsodifferentbutthatneednotbeadopted

– Matchingdensityandviscosityshouldnotbetoodifficult

•  Thisismuchfasterandlesswasteful– Waterdoesnotgetfrozenintheoilmatrixsooilrecoveryispossible

Addressing the Time Problem

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•  NSFSE15741proposesaddinglardthroughthelidandalternatingsinkdumpsandpre-loads

•  Thisconceptofpre-loadingcouldberefinedtorequirepumpinginlardoraddingextralargeamountsthroughsinkdumps

•  Switchingtooilmakesthiseasierandeliminatessomeoftheissuesofrunningfor>1day

Addressing the Time Problem (Cont’d)

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•  PDIallowscomputationofefficiencyonceevery5incrementsorlessuntilneartheend

•  PDIcurvesarenotpublishedbutIthinkweallknowtheylooksomethinglikethis

Addressing the Time Problem (Cont’d)

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Addressing the Time Problem, Grand Finale

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•  Basedontheforegoing,onecanimaginepre-loadingrelativelylargeamountsandrunningafewsinkdumpsforthefirst1000+pounds–  Thiswouldsavehoursanddollars

A fly in the grease trap

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•  Acommonlymentionedproblemwithswitchingtooilismeasuringoilinwater–  Theoldmethod,hexaneextraction,worksverywellbutisoutoffavour–  FTIRisdifficulttoimplementsoresultsarevariable–  GCMSwouldworkwellbutitexpensive

•  Whynotjustskim–  Themethodsaboveareaccuratetoppmbuttheexistinganalytical

techniqueisnotandthatcreatesadoublestandard.Gravimetricalltheway!

Conclusion

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•  AreasonabletestforGGIsthatwouldallowthemtobecomparedtoHMIsispossible,thoughchallengesremain–  Notjusttechnical,thereareacceptanceissues

•  YouwillnoteIhavenotaddressedtheissueofstoragetimeandacidification,thatisadifferentissue–  Iamnotsurethescienceisallthewaythereyetandinanycaseithasnothingtodowithremoval

Q&A

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•  Iamgenuinelyinterestedinfeedbacksincethisisallattheideastage

Thankyou