Name_____________________________ Class Pd_______

Test Review: The Roaring 20s / The Jazz Age

I. WHO TO KNOW William Jennings Bryan Calvin Coolidge KKK Glenn Curtiss Duke Ellington Charles Lindbergh Louis Armstrong Bessie Smith Fundamentalist Edward Hopper Georgia O’Keefe F. Scott Fitzgerald Babe Ruth Clarence Darrow Henry Ford Warren G. Harding Langston Hughes Frances Willard NAACP Zora Neale Hurston Red J. Edgar Hoover John Scopes Margaret Sanger Flapper Sacco & Vanzetti Ernest Hemingway Marcus Garvey Al Capone Anarchist

A. The Politics of the 1920s

1. __________________________ I am the 29th President of the US (R). 1921-1923. I advocated a return to “normalcy” and Laissez Faire after WWI. Although I was not corrupt, I chose a few of my friends from Ohio to fill important cabinet positions, and their greed and mishandling of their offices tarnished my reputation forever. I died in office leaving the Presidency to my Vice President

2. __________________________ I am the quiet 30th President of the US (R). 1923-1929. I became

President as a result of the death of the 29th President. I pushed for a return to Laissez Faire and my support of business dominated my presidency. I am known for my integrity, and due to the general prosperity enjoyed my many during my term in office, I was quite popular.

B. A Growing Economy

3. __________________________ I created an affordable automobile by applying the assembly line to auto production. Thus, the car became a middle-class necessity instead of just a luxury for the wealthy.

C. A Clash of Values

4. __________________________ I am the President of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). My effort to reduce the consumption of alcohol in America eventually results in Prohibition.

5. _________________________ I contributed to the economic and social advancement of women. I believe that women can improve their standard of living by limiting the number of children they have. For this reason, I was one of the first to push for access to birth control and for birth control education.

6. __________________________I am the symbol of the revolution in morals and manners in the 1920s.

I represent the changing role of women that began in this era.

7. __________________________ I am the nativist organization that uses threats and violence to intimidate black Americans, immigrants, Jews, Catholics – pretty much anyone who isn’t a WASP.

8. __________________________We were convicted and executed for murder based on flimsy

evidence. Nativists opposed us because we were Draft-Dodging, Anarchist, Italian immigrants. 9. _________________________ I believe there should be no government. 10. __________________________ I am any Communist.

11. _________________________ I am head of the General Intelligence Division (became FBI). I was an aggressive hunter of “reds” in the US – suspecting that there was a Communist conspiracy brewing in the US.

12. __________________________I am anyone who accepts a literal interpretation of a sacred text. In the 1920s era, I was opposed to the looser morals and the consumer culture. I supported the creation story over evolution and opposed the teaching of evolution in schools.

13. __________________________I am the high school Biology teacher who, in cahoots with the ACLU,

taught evolution in the classroom. I was subsequently arrested, and a very famous trial ensued.

14. __________________________ I prosecuted John Scopes and won the case. However, this trial that pitted science vs. religion was very stressful. I died 5 days after the end of the trial. I ran for president 3 times, but was never victorious.

15. __________________________ I am a shrewd and powerful attorney who defended John Scopes. I

lost the case, but bested the prosecution on several occasions, forcing them to admit that they did not interpret all parts of the Bible literally.

16. __________________________ I am a notorious gangster who controlled the south side of Chicago

through bootlegging, smuggling, and other illegal activities. It is activities such as these that led to the repeal of Prohibition.

D. Cultural Innovations

17. __________________________ I am considered the founder of modern aviation. My innovations led to practical airplanes, many of which were sold to Allied nations during WWI. I invented ailerons which allowed for rigid airplane wings and led to larger airplanes, as well as the first “flying boat,” the first aircraft to cross the Atlantic

18. __________________________ I symbolize American ingenuity, courage and ability. I became world-

famous when I completed the first solo, non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. 19. __________________________ I helped shape American culture with my baseball skills. I became a

world-famous baseball player. I was sometimes called the “Great Bambino.”

20. __________________________ I am a 1920s era painter. I applied the style of realism to my works that often portrayed disenchantment and isolation.

21. __________________________ I am a 1920s artist known for painting Southwest landscapes as well as urban scenes and flowers.

22. __________________________ I contributed to American culture through literature. I am a writer who

became disillusioned after my service as an ambulance driver in WWI. Some of my famous stories reflect this disillusionment.

23. __________________________ I am the author of The Great Gatsby, a novel that captured the superficiality of the 1920s era.

E. African American Culture and Politics

24. __________________________I am a black American writer and poet of the Harlem Renaissance. My writings portrayed positive messages and expressed hope for the future of black America

25. __________________________ I am a Harlem Renaissance writer who wrote some of the first major

stories featuring black American women as central characters.

26. __________________________I helped shape American culture with my contributions to jazz. I

became a famous black jazz artist in the 1920s, and I am known for playing the Coronet, improvisation, and a raspy singing voice.

27. __________________________ I helped shape American culture with my contribution to Jazz and later swing/big band. I am the most famous composer and bandleader of the era writing over 2000 songs.

28. __________________________ I am the “Empress of the Blues,” one of the most famous artists who performed at the Cotton Club – a famous New York night club where black Americans often performed but were not admitted as customers.

29. __________________________ I am an organization that fights racial discrimination and segregation through litigation, lobbying, and protesting. In the 1920s, I successfully lobbied for anti-lynching laws

30. __________________________ I am an early civil rights activist and symbol of the Black Nationalist

movement. I believed that blacks should have pride in their culture and separate themselves from whites. I originally stressed the importance of education but eventually decided that there would be no justice for blacks in America. I then raised $$ (which I wasted) to establish a homeland for black Americans in Africa.

II. IMPORTANT ACTS, ACTIONS AND MAJOR EVENTS IN AND AFTER WWI Harlem Renaissance Great Migration Washington Conference Dawes Plan 18th Amendment 21st Amendment National Origins Act 1924 Scopes Trial Jazz Jazz Singer Teapot Dome Scandal Kellogg-Briand Pact Volstead Act Normalcy Emergency Quota Act 1921 New Morality Eugenics Communism Tin Pan Alley Isolationism The Cotton Club Advertising Model T McNary-Haugen Bill Radio Red Scare Palmer Raids Supply Side Economics Evolution Creationism Credit

A. The Politics of the 1920s 31. _____________________________ Warren G. Harding’s landslide victory in the 1920 presidential race

was partly due to his promise to return to this, meaning a return to the way life was before progressive reforms, World War I economic controls, and government intervention in the economy.

32. __________________________ This is the economic theory that lower taxes will boost the economy

as businesses and individuals invest their money, thereby creating higher tax revenue. 33. __________________________ News of this scandal came out after Harding’s death. Sec. of the

Interior, Alfred B. Fall, leased gov’t oil reserves to a private oil company in return for kickbacks. He became the 1st cabinet member in US history to be sent to prison. This scandalous news further tarnished the reputation of the Harding administration.

34. __________________________ After WWI, many in America embraced this foreign policy approach.

It stressed non-involvement in foreign affairs along with decreased diplomatic commitments with foreign countries.

35. __________________________ This was an attempt by the US to aid the ailing economies of Europe. It called for US banks to make loans to Germany. Germany could then pay their reparations to France, and Britain, and then France and Britain could pay their war debts to us. This plan was a failure – caused them to actually go deeper into debt

36. __________________________ This was a meeting attended by eight major countries. Their goal was

to preserve peace by addressing the postwar arms race – major disarmament treaties resulted.

37. __________________________ This act called for nations to abandon war and to settle all disputes by

peaceful means. It was signed by 62 nations.

B. A Growing Economy

38. __________________________ This industry grew in the 1920s as companies faced competition and need to alert and attract consumers to their products.

39. __________________________ This was a huge problem in the 1920s. Up to 70% of people used this

system of installment buying to buy items like refrigerators and cars with money they did not have. 40. __________________________ The new assembly line process made this invention more accessible

to the masses, the US worker became more mobile and allowed families to move out of the city and into the suburbs

41. __________________________ This was an attempt by Congress to aid the ailing farm industry in America. It called for the US gov’t to buy farm surpluses, sell them overseas, and protect our market through additional tariffs. Coolidge vetoed this bill twice.

C. A Clash of Values

42. __________________________ This social change glorified youth & personal freedom. 43. __________________________ This population shift brought black Americans from the rural south to

the northern cities – permanently changing the racial make-up of many northern cities and led to post-war racial tensions and riots.

44. __________________________ This pseudo-Science was embraced by racists and nativists. Its

adherents claimed that certain races/ethnicities were superior and others were “unfit.” To mix races/ethnicities was discouraged.

45. __________________________ This set an immigration quota at 3% of 1910 census figures.

Immigration as a whole declined and it established that admission to the US be based on immigrants’ ethnic identity and national origin.

46. __________________________ This act resulted from nativist demands to further limit immigration

quotas and to further restrict immigration from South and Eastern Europe. It set the immigration quota at 2% of 1890 census figures. Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere were exempt from this quota leading to an increase in immigration from Mexico and Canada.

47. __________________________ In this type of social organization, decisions are made by the

government. Social goals drive economic decisions; prices and wages are determined by the government. The government owns, operates all major farms, factories, utilities, and stores. Production doesn’t necessarily reflect consumer demand.

48. __________________________ Due to a wave of strikes in 1919, the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia,

and a series of mail bomb attempts in the US, many Americans feared that Communists were trying to destroy our way of life. During this time, the civil rights of certain immigrants were violated, and some were deported back to their country of origin.

49. _________________________ In the fall of 1919, due to a fear of a communist uprising, the US government began making mass arrests based on little evidence. Attorney General Mitchell Palmer created the General Intelligence Division whose agents deported about 500 immigrants considered to be radicals.

50. __________________________ This is the belief that God created the world and everything in it, usually in the way described in Genesis.

51. __________________________ This is the scientific theory that humans and other forms of life have evolved over time.

52. __________________________ This famous trial symbolized the debate between Science and

Religion. The trial covered the issue of creationism vs. evolution in public school science curriculum. 53. __________________________ This banned the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol –

known as Prohibition.

54. __________________________ This gave the job of enforcing prohibition to the US Treasury Dept. and led to a dramatic increase in federal police powers.

55. __________________________ This repealed prohibition. While prohibition might have led to a decrease in overall alcohol consumption, it led to the rise of organized crime.

D. Cultural Innovations 56. __________________________ This innovation, popularized in the 1920s, allowed for the beginning of

mass media, disseminating information in a massive format and the creation of a common American culture.

57. __________________________ This was the first “talking” motion picture – Age of Hollywood begins! 58. __________________________ NYC center for song writing and publishing that flourished from the

late 1800s through WWII. In the 1920s, the most popular composer was Irving Berlin who wrote such classic hits as White Christmas (he was Jewish) and Puttin’ on the Ritz

E. African American Culture and Politics

59. __________________________ This was a cultural movement that began in an area of New York City.

It led to increased opportunities for black American writers, artists and performers and contributed to the rise of political power in this community as well.

60. __________________________ This truly American form of music originated in New Orleans and spread worldwide. It is known for ragged rhythms, syncopated melodies and improvisation.

61. __________________________ Popular Harlem nightclub where many black American musicians got

their start.

III. QUESTIONS A. The Politics of the 1920s

62. Both President Harding and President Coolidge strived for an economic policy similar to what existed

before the Progressive Era and WWI? Identify and explain this policy.

B. A Growing Economy

63. What was Henry Ford’s business philosophy? How was he able to achieve it?

64. For what reasons did Farmers not share in the general prosperity of the 1920s?

C. A Clash of Values

65. What caused the widespread support of 1920s immigration quotas/restrictions?

D. Cultural Innovations

66. What was the major social change brought about by the spread of mass media in the 1920s?

E. African American Culture and Politics

67. What was the impact of the Harlem Renaissance?

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.