TEST REVIEW STUDY SHEETTEST REVIEW STUDY SHEET

CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2

SS8 ~ U.S. HistorySS8 ~ U.S. History

Ms. RadebaughMs. Radebaugh

Leif Erickson ~ Viking explorer / First Leif Erickson ~ Viking explorer / First European to arrive in North AmericaEuropean to arrive in North America

Amerigo Vespucci ~ Proved that North Amerigo Vespucci ~ Proved that North South America were not part of AsiaSouth America were not part of Asia

Magellan ~ First to circumnavigate the Magellan ~ First to circumnavigate the EarthEarth

Pizzaro ~ Conquered the Incas / Captured Pizzaro ~ Conquered the Incas / Captured AtahualpaAtahualpa

DeSoto ~ Explored the Mississippi for DeSoto ~ Explored the Mississippi for SpainSpain

Coronado ~ Explored the Southwest U.S. Coronado ~ Explored the Southwest U.S. looking for cities of goldlooking for cities of gold

Christopher Columbus ~ Thought he was Christopher Columbus ~ Thought he was IndiaIndia

Balboa ~ Crossed the isthmus of Panama Balboa ~ Crossed the isthmus of Panama & claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain& claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain

Cortes ~ Captured the Aztecs / Captured Cortes ~ Captured the Aztecs / Captured MontezumaMontezuma

Fr. Marquette & Joliet ~ Explored the Fr. Marquette & Joliet ~ Explored the Great Lakes, Wisconsin, & the upper Great Lakes, Wisconsin, & the upper Mississippi for FranceMississippi for France

Cabot, Cartier, Hudson ~ Were looking for Cabot, Cartier, Hudson ~ Were looking for the Northwest Passagethe Northwest Passage

Samuel de Champlain ~ Founded New Samuel de Champlain ~ Founded New FranceFrance

New Netherlands ~ Located on the New Netherlands ~ Located on the Hudson RiverHudson River

Aztecs ~ Lived in Central Mexico / Aztecs ~ Lived in Central Mexico / Tenochtitlan was the center of their empireTenochtitlan was the center of their empire

Creole ~ Spanish born in AmericaCreole ~ Spanish born in America

Spanish Armada ~ Defeated by the Spanish Armada ~ Defeated by the EnglishEnglish

Incas ~ Atahualpa was their emperor / Incas ~ Atahualpa was their emperor / Lived in the Andes MountainsLived in the Andes Mountains

New France ~ French fur traders / QuebecNew France ~ French fur traders / Quebec

Peninsular ~ Born in Spain / Highest Peninsular ~ Born in Spain / Highest Spanish social class, ruling classSpanish social class, ruling class

Mestizo ~ Half Indian half SpanishMestizo ~ Half Indian half Spanish

Coureurs de bois ~ Runners of the woodsCoureurs de bois ~ Runners of the woods

European economic theory where it was believed the purpose of colonies was to benefit the home country. Colonies supplied raw materials & a market for finished products.

MERCANTILISM

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

A transfer of people, products & ideas between A transfer of people, products & ideas between hemispheres as a result of exploration.hemispheres as a result of exploration.

How the Reformation & the defeat of the How the Reformation & the defeat of the Spanish Armada contributed to increased Spanish Armada contributed to increased exploration:exploration:– King Henry VIII of England broke away from the King Henry VIII of England broke away from the

Catholic Church & started the Church of England.Catholic Church & started the Church of England.– Protestants throughout Europe were looking for places Protestants throughout Europe were looking for places

to worship freely.to worship freely.– European nations were untrustworthy of each other and European nations were untrustworthy of each other and

became involved in alliances & wars.became involved in alliances & wars.– The English fleet defeating the Spanish Armada meant The English fleet defeating the Spanish Armada meant

that Spain lost control of the oceans. This changed the that Spain lost control of the oceans. This changed the balance of power in Europe & opened the seas & far-balance of power in Europe & opened the seas & far-away lands to other countries for colonizationaway lands to other countries for colonization

How the Spanish so easily defeated the How the Spanish so easily defeated the Indians:Indians:– The Spanish had cannons, guns, armor, & The Spanish had cannons, guns, armor, &

horseshorses– Many Natives thought they might be GodsMany Natives thought they might be Gods– Many of the Natives were dying with SmallpoxMany of the Natives were dying with Smallpox

Motives of the Spanish as they Motives of the Spanish as they explored & conquered the lands of this explored & conquered the lands of this hemisphere:hemisphere:– They were out for riches, glory, and to bring They were out for riches, glory, and to bring

God (Christianity) to the Natives.God (Christianity) to the Natives.

The impact the Dutch & French had on The impact the Dutch & French had on the Native Americans they had contact the Native Americans they had contact with:with:– They made trading alliances with the Natives They made trading alliances with the Natives

– Dutch w/ Iroquois & French w/ Huron– Dutch w/ Iroquois & French w/ Huron– Disease caused by contact with the Disease caused by contact with the

Europeans killed many Native AmericansEuropeans killed many Native Americans– The over-trapping of animals weakened the The over-trapping of animals weakened the

food chain on which the Natives dependedfood chain on which the Natives depended– As the fur-bearing animals disappeared, the As the fur-bearing animals disappeared, the

Natives were no longer of value for trading. Natives were no longer of value for trading. Instead, their lands became more valuable to Instead, their lands became more valuable to the colonists.the colonists.