Test Procedures of Concrete

8/11/2019 Test Procedures of Concrete

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TEST PROCEDURES

SLUMP CONE

1. Purpose :

The slump cone is used for determining the workability ofconcrete where the nominal maximum size of aggregate doesnot exceed 38 mm.

. Procedure as per !" 11## $ %ethods of sampling and analysis

of concrete

a. &irstly decide the fre'uency of slump (alue to be takenduring concreting.

b. )il the interior surface of the slump cone with mouldreleasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.

c. Place the slump cone on a le(eled surface.d. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing the

concrete properly in the transit mixture.

e. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheelbarrow withsampling scoop.f. ,fter remixing immediately fill the slump cone in layers

approximately one $ 'uarter of the height of the cone.g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod by

strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(er thecross/section of the cone and for the second andsubse'uent layers tamping rod shall penetrate into theunderlying layer.

h. ,fter compacting the top layer the concrete shall be

struck off le(el with the top of the slump cone0 using a. ,ny mould which may ha(e leaked outbetween the mould and the base plate shall becleaned away.


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i. 2nscrew the slump cone from the base plate andremo(e it immediately from the concrete by raising itslowly and carefully in a (ertical direction.

. ,fter the concrete subsides place the slump cone onthe base plate in re(erse position and place a scale onit. %easure the height between the top of the mouldand the highest point of the concrete specimen beingtested.

3. +eporting of slump (alue

The slump measured shall be reported in terms of millimeters.


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VIBRATING TABLE

1. Purpose

4ibrating table is used for proper compaction of concrete 5asper !" 16/%ethods of tests for strength of concrete7 whilecasting specimens for compressi(e strength determination.

. Procedure

i. ,fter preparing the concrete mix0 put moulds on the(ibration table platform.

ii. &ill concrete in the mould in layers of mm deep.iii. !n placing each scoopful of concrete0 mo(e the scoop

around the top edge of the mould as the concreteslides from it0 in order to ensure a symmetricaldistribution of the concrete within the mould.

i(. 9et each layer compact by (ibration.(. ,fter compacting concrete in 3 layers0 finish the

surface of the concrete le(el with the top of the mould.(i. "top the table and remo(e the mould from it.


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TEST PROCEDURES

BULK DENSITY MEASURE(For Density of Conrete!

1. Purpose

The bulk density measure is used for determining the weightper cubic meter of freshly mixed concrete 5density7 fromwhich the yield of concrete per cubic meter can becalculated.

. Procedure as per !" 11## $ methods of sampling andanalysis of concrete

i. Take freshly mixed concrete from transit mixer by usingwheel borrow.

ii. &ill the cylindrical measure with concrete as soon aspracticable after mixing.

iii. &ill the cylindrical measure with concrete in layersapproximately cm deep and each layer shall becompacted.

i(. hile compacting the concrete the standard tampingbar shall be distributed in uniform manner o(er thecross section of the measure.

(. The number of strokes per layer is 6 for 1 litrescylinder and 1 for litres cylinder.

(i. The exterior surface of the cylinder shall be tapped 1to 1 times or until no large bubbles of air appear onthe surface of the compacted layer.

(ii. "trike/off the top surface and finish it smoothly with aflat co(er plate.

(iii. *lean all excess concrete from the exterior and weighthe filled measured.

ix. Density of onrete ("#!$ The weight per cubic meterof concrete shall be calculated by di(iding the weight of


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fully compacted concrete in the cylindrical measure bythe capacity of measure in kg;cu.m 517.

x. Yie%& of onrete (V'! $ The (olume of concreteproduced per cum. shall be calculated as follows.

xi. V' ") "f ) "*) "+ "#

" < eight of cement0 kg"f < eight of fine aggregate0 kg"* < eight of coarse aggregate0 kg"+ < eight of water0 kg


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TEST PROCEDURES

#,- . #,-MM C/0e Mo/%&s

1. Purpose

The moulds are used for making of concrete cubes as per!" : 16 $ 1## $ %ethods of tests for strength of concrete.

. ,pparatus

heel barrow0 sampling scoop0 trowel cube moulds of 1 x1 x 1 cm size and tamping bar 16 mm in diameter0 .6 mlong and bulleted point at the lower end.

3. Procedure as per !" 16

a. &irstly decide the number of samples to be taken duringconcreting.

b. )il the interior surface of the mould with mould releasing

oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.c. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing theconcrete properly in the transit mixer.

d. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheelbarrow withsampling scoop.

e. ,fter remixing immediately fill the mould in layersapproximately cm deep.

f. =uring filling the mould0 the scoop shall be mo(ed aroundthe top edge of the mould as the concrete slides from it0 inorder to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the concrete

within the mould.g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod 5of

16 mm dia 6 cm long and rounded at one end7 by


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minimum 3 strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(erthe cross/section of the mould.

h. ,fter compacting the tip layer0 top surface of the concreteshall be finished le(el with the top of the mould0 using atrowel.

i. "tore the cube moulds in a place which is free from(ibration and co(er the surface of the concrete with apiece of damp sacking for initial 16 to > hours.

. ,fter this period0 mark the specimen and remo(e it fromthe mould by dismantling and submerge it clean water ata temperature of ? @o* and keep it till the time oftesting for compressi(e strength.


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TEST PROCEDURES

PENETRATION RESISTANCE APPARATUS

1. Purpose

Penetration resistance apparatus : 5Penetrometer7 is used tofind out initial and final setting time of concrete as per !" 81>/%ethod of test for determining setting time of concrete bypenetration resistance.

. Procedure

a. "elect a representati(e sample of concrete of knownproportion.

b. )il the interior surface of the cube mould with mouldreleasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.

c. +emo(e all of the mortar from the sample by sie(ing itthrough a >.? mm !" sie(e into a mortar pan.

d. +emix the sample thoroughly and fill it in a 1 cm cubemould in two layers0 lea(ing a space of 13 mm 51; inch7

at top.e. *ompact each layer with tamping rod by tamping eachlayer times. &or each test0 a set of three cube mouldsshould be filled.

f. Aeep the moulds co(ered with a water impermeableco(er and under shed for the duration of test.

g. Prior to making each penetration resistance test0 remo(ebleeding water by using a pipette. &or easy remo(al ofwater0 tilt the mould by placing a 3 cm block under one ofthe edges and allow water to collect at the shallow portion

for minutes.h. "elect 6 mmand 16 mmremo(able needles for initial

and final setting time respecti(ely.

i. ,fter remo(ing the bleed water0 insert the penetrometer(ertically into the mortar. Push the apparatus gradually


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until the needle 56 mm7 penetrates the mortar uptoscribe mark0 in about 1 seconds. The force re'uired isindicated by the white ring.

. +ecord the force re'uired and the elapsed time afteradding water to the mix.

k. %ake penetration test at hourly inter(als0 initial test beingmade after 3 hours.

l. 9ea(e a space of mm from pre(ious impression insubse'uent penetration test.

m. !nitial setting time is read off against a penetrationresistance corresponding to 3 kg f;cm.

n. *hange the needle dia i.e. 16mmand final setting time isread off against a penetration resistance corresponding to? kgf;cm


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ACCELERATED CURING MET1OD

1. Purpose :

To find out 8 days compressi(e strength of concrete in 8hours by accelerated curing method. 5,s per !" #13/1#?8/%ethod of making0 curing and determining compressi(estrength of accelerated cured concrete test specimens7

Procedure :

1. ,fter the test specimens 5whose 8 days strength to bedetermined7 ha(e been made0 store it in moist air of atleast # percent humidity for 3 hours @ 1 min.

. *o(er the specimens with flat steel co(er plate to a(oiddistortion during the use.

3. *arefully and gently lower the specimens into the curingtank and shall remain totally immersed for a period of 3BCours @ 1 min.

>. The temperature of water in the curing tank shall be atboiling 51 o*7 when the specimens are placed.

. ,fter curing for 3 B hours in boil water0 the specimen shallbe carefully remo(ed from the boiling water and cooled byimmersing in cooling tank at ? @o* for hrs.

6. ,fter cooling remo(e the specimens from the mould andtested for its accelerated compressi(e strength 5+a7 inD;mm.

?. The 8 days can be found out using following formula.8. Predicted 8 days compressi(e strength < +8 < 8.# @

1.6> +a0 where +a is accelerated compressi(e strengthand +8 is predicted compressi(e strength at 8 days.


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TEST PROCEDURES

DIGITAL COMPRESSION TESTING MAC1INE

1. Purpose :

The digital compression $ testing machine is used to determinethe compressi(e strength of hardened concrete specimens.

Procedure as per !" 16 $ %ethods of tests for strength of concrete

1. Aeep the specimen to be tested centrally on theclean lower platen so that small clearance is left between the

upper platen and the top the specimen under test.. *lose the pressure release (al(e.3. %ake the digital display to read EFeroG by adusting

the zero knob.>. Put the display unit on EPeak ColdG mode to hold the

maximum load reading.. "tart applying the load at the specified pace rate0

which could be maintained by adusting the slow fast knob.6. !f the pace rate is on higher side the indicator

displays red colour and the pace rate is on lower side theindicator will display yellow colour.?. !f the pace rate is exactly e'ual to set rate then the

indicator will display green colour.8. ,s soon as sample fails0 release the pressure

slowly by opening (al(e.#. The digital display will be holding the maximum load

reading at which sample has failed. Dote down the pattern offailure and calculate the compressi(e strength in D;mm orkg;cm.

1. Pace rate for 1 cm cube is .1 kD;s.11. Hefore starting another test0 clean the lower platen

and bring the digital display to EFeroG position by depressing theE+esetG switch.


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m. !f the (alue obtained is abo(e ? mm then try with more'uantity of water 5say 31I0 3I etc.7 repeat steps c to kabo(e with more water.

n. Aeep doing abo(e tests with (arying percentages of wateruntil the amount of water for the re'uired penetration of to?mm (alue is found.

o. "tandard consistency : -xpress the amount of water as apercentage by weight of the dry cement.


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TEST PROCEDURES

VICAT APPARATUS

(Initi*% settin2 ti3e of e3ent!

1. Procedure as per !" >31 $ %ethods of physical tests forhydraulic cement

a. Take the 4icat apparatus and fit the standardconsistency plunger 5Deedle type7. 9ower the stem andcheck if the reading is zero when the plunger touchesthe non/porous resting plate 5glass plate7. !f not adust itto zero.

b. The temperature of cement and water and that of testingroom shall be preferably within the range of ? @ o*.

c. *oat the non/porous resting plate 5glass plate7 withpetroleum elly. Place the mould after coating it lightlywith petroleum elly0 on the non/porous resting plate5glass plate7.

d. Take 3 g of cement.e. Prepare a neat cement paste mixed with water which is

.8 times that of standard consistency 5i.e. !f standard

consistency < 3IJ water for initial setting time < .3 x3 x .8 < . ml7.f. The time from adding water to the dry cement until

starting to fill the 4icat mould should be within 3 to minutes.

g. "tart the stop watch as soon as you start adding waterand mixing the cement past. The mixing should be doneusing a stainless steel trowel called gauging trowelwhich is a(ailable with lab e'uipment dealers.

h. &ill the 4icat mould completely with the cement paste

made and smooth off the surface of the paste0 make itle(el to the top of the mould.


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i. Place the mould under the needle 51 mm s'uare7together with non/porous resting plate and cementpaste.

. 9ower the needle gently to touch the surface of the blockand release 'uickly. %ake sure that the dash pot worksproperly.

k. !nitially the needle will pierce completely into the testblock. +epeat this procedure until the needle fails topenetrate into the test block by @ . mm from thebottom of the mould.

l. !nitial setting time : The time started from mixing of waterto the cement to the time when the needle fails topenetrate the test block by @ . mm is described asthe initial setting time.


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TEST PROCEDURES

VICAT APPARATUS(Fin*% settin2 ti3e of e3ent!

1. Procedure as per !" >31 $ %ethod of physical tests forhydraulic cement

a. ,fter determining the initial setting time replace theneedle of 4icat apparatus by the needle with annularattachment.

b. 9ower the attachment gently to touch the surface of theblock and release. 2se the dash pot.

c. +epeat this procedure at regular inter(als until the time tofind the needle makes an impression on the surface of theblock and the circular impression is not seen.

d. &inal "etting time : The time elapsed from mixing ofwater to the cement and the time till step c is the finalsetting time of cement.


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TEST PROCEDURES

VIBRATING MAC1INE

(Co34ressi5e stren2t6 of e3ent!

1. Procedure as per !" >31 $ %ethods of physical test forhydraulic cement

a. Take g of cement and 6 gms of standard sandconforming to !" : 6 $ 1#66. The 6g of standardsand will be made up o g each of grade !0 !i K !!! "andpurchased from T,%!D0 %anali0 *hennai.

b. %ix it dry with a trowel for one minute on a non/porousmixing plate.

c. Take water L 5P;> @ 37I of combined weight of cementand sand 58g7 where P is the standard consistency ofcement paste.

d. %ix the dry mixture with the 'uantity of water specifiedabo(e for 3 to > minutes.

e. Place the cm 5 ?.? x ?.? x ?.? cm7 mould on the(ibration table and clamp it to hold it firmly in position.

,ttach a hopper of suitable size on the top of the mould tofacilitate filling.f. !mmediately after mixing the mortar place it in the cube

mould and tamp it with the poking rod for times inabout 8 seconds.

g. Place the remaining 'uanitity of mortar place it in thecube mould and tamp it again as specified for the firstlayer.

h. *ompact the mortar further by means of (ibration for twominutes.

i. ,t the end of (ibration remo(e the mould from themachine and finish the top surface of the cube with theblade of a trowel.


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. Aeep the filled moulds preferably at a temperature of? @ o* and atleast # percent relati(e humidity for >hours after completion of (ibration.

k. ,fter > hours remo(e the cubes from the moulds andimmediately submerge in clean water for curing.

l. Temperature of the curing water should be preferably? @ o*.

m. *ast twel(e such cubes so that we can find thecompressi(e strength for 3 cubes each at 1 day0 3 days0 ?days and 8 days.+eport a(erage of compressi(e strength of three cuberesults to the nearest kg;cm.


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TEST PROCEDURES

SC1MIDT CONCRETE TEST 1AMMER

#7 PURPOSE

!t is used for estimation of compressi(e strength of concreteby rebound hammer method. 5,s per !" 13311 part $ / Dondestructi(e testing of concrete $ methods of test7

'7 PROCEDURE

a. &or testing0 smooth0 clean and dry surface preferably

bottom of the slab is to be selected.b. !f loosely adhering scale is present0 this should be rubbed

of with grinding stone.c. +elease the impact bolt by applying pressure to it.d. Place test hammer perpendicular to the test surface.e. Press housing against the test surface at moderate speed

until impact is triggered.f. The rebound (alue is arrested and read by means of the

push/button.

g. -ach test point should be tested with at least 8 to 1impacts.h. %inimum distance between impact points mm.i. +ebound (alues0 which are abnormally high or low0 must

be eliminated.. ,fter using the hammer the impact bolt is to be arrested

by means of the push/button after the initiation of animpact.

k. Plot the a(erage rebound (alue in the con(ersion cur(e todetermine the compressi(e strength of concrete.

l. The strength determined from the cur(e is to be correctedby using correction factors 5as per manual ofmanufacture7.


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m.The test can be conducted horizontally on (erticalsurfaces like column or (ertically upward or downward onhorizontal surfaces like slabs and beams.

n. The correlation between compressi(e strength ofconcrete cubes and its rebound number is to beestablished for most satisfactory results.


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TEST PROCEDURES

SIEVE ANALYSIS FOR FINE AGGREGATE

#7 P/r4ose:

The sie(es are used for the determination of particle sizedistribution of fine aggregate by sie(ing. 5,s per !" 386 part 1 $%ethods of test for aggregates for concrete7

'7 Si8es of sie5es:

"ie(es of the sizes 1mm0 >.? mm0 .36 mm0 1.8mm0 6 mic.03 mic.0 and 1 mic.

97 Proe&/re:

a. Take known weight of dry sample.b. "ie(e the sample progressi(ely starting from the largest

sie(e i.e. 1 mmc. )n completion of sie(ing weigh the material retained on

each sie(e.d. *alculate the percentage of sand retained in each sie(e

and cumulati(e percentage retained on each sie(e.e. *alculate cumulati(e percentage passing through eachsie(e.

f. *alculate the fineness modulus of sand by summing upthe cumulati(e percentage of sand retained on 1 mm0>.? mm0 1.18 mm0 6 mic.0 3 mic.0 and 1 mic.0sie(es and di(iding the sum by 1.

g. &ind out which grading zone the sand conforms to bychecking with the table $ 1 gi(en below.


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Table 1 : Mrading zones 5!.". 3837 1#?8

I7 S7 Sie5eC/3/%*ti5e 4erent*2e 4*ssin2 IS sie5es for 2r*&in2 8one

(n*t/r*% s*n&!Cr/s6e&

S*n&

I II III IV

1mm 1 1 1 1 1

>.?mm #/1 #/1 #/1 #/1 #/1

.36mm 6/# ?/1 8/1 #/1 ?/1

1.18mm 3/? /# ?/1 #/1 /1

6 micron 1/3> 3/# 6/?# 8/1 3/?#

3 micron / 8/3 1/> 1/ 8/>

1 micron /1 /1 /1 /1 /

? micron /3 /3 /3 /3 /1


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TEST PROCEDURES

SIEVE ANALYSIS FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

1. P/r4ose :

The sie(es are used for the determination of particle sizedistribution of coarse aggregate by sie(ing 5,s per !" 386part ! $ %ethods of test for aggregates for concrete7

'7 Si8es of sie5es re:/ire& for no3in*% si8e o*rse *22re2*te

Halance and !.". sie(es $ sizes as following :

No3in*% si8e of *22re2*te Sie5e si8e (33!

> mm 8 mm0 63 mm0 > mm0 mm01 mm0 >.? mm

mm > mm0 mm0 mm0 1 mm0>.? mm

1. mm mm0 16 mm0 1. mm0 1 mm0>.? mm0 6 mic.0 1 mic.

1 mm 1. mm0 1 mm0 >.? mm0 .36

mm0 6 mic.0 1 mic.

97 Procedure :

a. Take a known weight # kg7 of dry aggregate.b. "ie(e the aggregate progressi(ely starting from the

largest sie(e.c. Dote down the weight of the material retained in each

sie(e.

d. *alculate the percentage of aggregate retained in eachsie(e.

e. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregateretained in each sie(e.

f. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregatepassing through each sie(e.


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g. *heck the (alues of percentage passing with the limitsspecified in !" 383 and record it.

Mrading re'uirement of coarse aggregate 5!" : 3837

mm mm1. mm1 mm>.? mm


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TEST PROCEDURES

SILT CONTENT OF FINE AGGREGATE(BY VOLUME MET1OD!

#7 P/r4ose :

The ml capacity glass/measuring cylinder is used fordetermination of silt and clay content in sand on (olumebasis.

'7 Proe&/re:

a. &ill the glass/measuring cylinder with sample of sandupto 1 ml mark.

b. ,dd clean water upto 1 ml and shake the contentswell.

c. ,llow contents to settle for 1 to min.d. *lay and silt will be seen as a separate layer o(er

sand.e. %easure the total height of material 5,7.f. %easure the height of sand layer 5H7.

g. &ind out height of silt and clay layer 5,/H7.h. *alculate the percentage of silt and clay in the totalsand layer.

i. *alculation : "ilt K *lay I0 5,/H7 ;HN 1


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SIEVE S1AKER

#7 P/r4ose $

"ie(e shaker is used for the process of sie(ing easier and'uicker as per !" 386 part ! $ %ethods of test foraggregates for concrete7

'7 Proe&/re $

a. 2nbolt the nuts of the sliding retaining plate0 raise itto a suitable height and tighten the nuts.

b. "elect the re'uired group of sie(es for the sie(e

analysis.c. )n the base of the sie(e holder mount the sie(es in

order of decreasing opening size from top tobottom0 together with a recei(er fitted below thebottom sie(e.

d. Aeep the material on the top sie(e.e. Place the lid on the sie(e.f. 2nbolt the nuts of the clamping plate0 slide it down

to pass the whole sie(e assembly and tighten thenuts.

g. "tart the sie(e shaker by switching on the motor0and continue the sie(ing operation for specified timesay 1 minutes.

h. ,t the end of sie(ing operation0 dismantle the sie(eassembly and collect separately the materialretained on each sie(e and on the recei(er forweighin

TEST PROCEDURES

AIR OVEN


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#7 P/r4ose

,ir o(en is used to dry the material for finding outmoisture content present in aggregate. %oisture contentof aggregate is the percentage of weight of water in theaggregate sample to the total dry weight of the aggregatesample. The procedure is the same for both coarse andfine aggregate.

. Procedure

a. Take the moist or wet sample weigh 517

b. =ry it in a hot air o(en for 1/1 min. at thetemperature of 1o*.

c. Take the sample out of air o(en and cool it.d. Take the weight of dry sample 57.

3. *alculation%oisture content of aggregate is calculated as follows :%


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TEST PROCEDURES

SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST FOR AGGREGATE

#7 P/r4ose:

The pycnometer is used to determine the specific gra(ity ofaggregate as per !" 386 part !!! $ %ethods of test for aggregatesfor concrete.

'7 Proe&/re

a. eight an empty pycnometer 517b. &ill up half of the pycnometer with dry aggregate sample

and weigh.c. ,dd water to the sample0 fill the pycnometer with water0

roll it on a flat surface and then fill it completely with waterand weigh 537.

d. -mpty the contents of the pycnometer0 refill it with wateronly and weigh. 5>7.

e. *alculate the specific gra(ity using this formula."pecific Mra(ity < 5 $ 17 ; O5>/17/53/7

here 1 < weight of empty pycnometer0 g. < weight of pycnometer and dry aggregate0 g. 3 < weight of pycnometer with aggregate and water0 g > < weight of pycnometer filled with only water0 g


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TEST PROCEDURES

CYLINDRICAL METAL MEASURE(For Density of A22re2*te!

#7 P/r4ose $

The cylindrical metal measures are used for determining unitweight or bulk density of aggregate7

'7 Procedure as per !" 386 part !!!/ %ethods of test foraggregates for concreteA7 Ro&&e& or Co34*te& Density

a. &ill the measure about 1;3rdheight with thoroughlymixed aggregate.

b. Tamp it with strokes of the rounded end oftamping rod.

c. ,gain fill the measure with approx. same 'uantityK tamp it with strokes.

d. )(erflow the measure with aggregate0 tamp it times K struck off surplus aggregate with tampingrod.

e. =etermine the net weight of aggregate by knowingempty weight of measure and calculate Hulkdensity in Ag;cu.m.

B7 Loose Density

a. &ill the measure to o(erflow with aggregate bydischarging from height not more than cm abo(ethe top of measure.

b. 9e(el the sample with a straight edge.

c. =etermine the net weight of aggregate by knowingempty weight of measure and calculate Hulkdensity in Ag;cu.m.


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TEST PROCEDURES

LENGT1 GAUGE

#7 P/r4ose

The length gauge is used to determine the -longation indexof coarse aggregate 5,s per !" 386 part $ 1 $ %ethod oftest for aggregates for concrete!

'7 Proe&/re

a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that

atleast pieces of any fraction is present7b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(es

mentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e. 63mm7

c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to mm0 mm to > mm0 > mm to mm0 31. mm to mm0 mm to mm0 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to 1. mm01. mm to 1 mm 1 mm to 6.3 mm.

d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by one

through the corresponding shot pro(ided in the gauge.Aeep the particles retained by the length separately.e. eigh the particles retained on length gauge.f. -longation index is the total weight of the material

retained on the (arious length gauges0 expressed as apercentage of the total weight of the sample gauged.

97 C*%/%*tion

-longation index of aggregate in I is calculated as

follows$

-i < 51;7 x 1I

here1< eight of particles retained in length gauge0 g< eight of total sample taken for test0 g


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TEST PROCEDURES

T1ICKNESS GAUGE

#7 P/r4ose $

Thickness gauge is used to find out flakiness index of coarseaggregate. 5,s per !" 386 part 1 $ %ethods of test foraggregates for concrete7.

'7 Proe&/re $

i. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that

atleast pieces of any fraction is present. This isnot applicable for the biggest and smallest size.

ii. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(esmentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e.63 mm.

iii. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to mm0 mm to > mm0 > mm to 31.mm0 31. mmto mm0 mm to mm0 mm to 16 mm0 16mm to 1. mm0 1. mm to 1 mm and 1 mm to

6.3 mm.i(. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one byone through the corresponding slot pro(ided in thegauge. Aeep the particles passing through the slotof the gauge and retained in gauge separately.

(. Dote the number of particles passing and notpassing through the corresponding slot in the gaugefor each fraction.

(i. *alculate for each fraction the following :a. Percentage of number of particles passing the

slot to the total number of particles in fraction.This is noted as Q.

b. Percentage of weight of particles in fraction takenfor testing to the total weight of particles infraction taken for the test 5total 'ty.7. This isnoted as R.


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97 C*%/%*tion $

&lakiness !ndex < &i < Q 5Qi $ Ri7;1Ii


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IMPACT VALUE TEST FOR #- 33 AGGREGATE

#7 P/r4ose:

The impact test machine is used to determine the aggregateimpact (alue of coarse aggregate as per !" 386 Part !4 $ 1#63

$ %ethods of test for aggregates for concrete

'7 Proe&/re:

1. Take about 1 g of dry sample passing through 1.mm !" sie(e and retained on 1 mm !" sie(e.

. &ill the cylindrical metal measure with the dried sample.

The sample should be placed in three increments0 eachincrement being rodded times with the tamping rod.

3. "trike off the excess sample using the tamping rod as astraight edge.

>. Take the weight of sample in the measure 517.. Dow drop the hammer in the testing machine 1 times on

the sample test in the cup. Ceight of the fall of thehammer should be 38 mm. The inter(al between eachblow should be about one second.

6. +emo(e the sample from the cup and sie(e it on .36 mm!" sie(e until no more sample passes through the sie(e.

?. &ind the weight of sample retained on .36 mm sie(e57.

8. +epeat the test for another sample from the same lot andcalculate the a(erage of the two (alues.

#. *alculation :

,ggregate impact (alue0 I < 51 $ 7 1 x 1here

1 < weight of dry sample passing through 1. mm !"sie(e and retained on 1 mm !" sie(e0 g < weight of dry sample retained on .36 mm !"sie(e0 g

1. +eport the aggregate impact (alue in percentage and asthe mean of two determinations rounded off to the nearestwhole number.


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TEST PROCEDURES

SIEVES FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

Sie5e *n*%ysis of Co*rse A22re2*te

*oarse aggregate consists of material abo(e >.?mm size. !t may becrushed aggregate of natural gra(el of different sizes.

A44*r*t/s

Halance and !.". sie(es $ sizes as following :

No3in*% si8e of *22re2*te Sie5e si8e (33!> mm 8 mm0 63 mm0 > mm0 mm0

1 mm0 >.? mm

mm > mm0 mm0 mm0 1 mm0>.? mm

1. mm mm0 16 mm0 1. mm0 1 mm0>.? mm0 6 mic.0 1 mic.

1 mm 1. mm0 1 mm0 >.? mm0 .36mm0 6 mic.0 1 mic.

Proe&/re $

a. Take a known weight 5 kg7 of dry aggregate reduced by'uartering.

b. "ie(e the aggregate progressi(ely starting from thelargest sie(e.

c. Dote down the weight of material retained in each sie(e.d. *alculate the percentage of aggregate retained in each

sie(e.e. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregate

retained in each sie(e.f. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregate

passing through each sie(e.


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g. *heck the (alues of percentage passing with the limitsspecified in !" 383 and enter the (alues.

h. !f the grading de(iates from limit specified0 it can becorrected by blending it to coarser of finer size fractionsa(ailable to make it according to the limit specified in !"383 5Mrades *oarse ,ggregate7.


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TEST PROCEDURES

ELONGATION TEST

#7 E%on2*tion In&e.

-longation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight ofparticles whose greatest dimension 5length7 is greater than oneand four/fifth times their mean dimension.!t is measured on particles passing through mesh size of 63mm and retained on mesh size 6.3 mm.

'7 A44*r*t/s

Halance0 -longation gauge 59ength gauge7 and !" sie(es of thefollowing mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 mm0 31. mm0 mm0 mm0 16 mm0 1. mm 1 mm and 6.3 mm

97 Proe&/re

a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so thatatleast pieces of any fraction is present. This isnot applicable for the biggest and smallest size.

b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(esmentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e.63 mm.

c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to mm0 mm to > mm0 > mm to mm0 31. mm to mm0 mm to mm0 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to1. mm0 1. mm to 1 mm and 1 mm to 6.3 mm.

d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one byone through the corresponding slot pro(ided in thegauge. Aeep the particles retained by the length

separately. The aim should be to retain as much aspossible to a(oid testing bias.

e. eigh the particles retained on length gauge.f. -longation index is the total weight of the material



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C*%/%*tion

-longation index of aggregate in I is calculated as follows:

-i < 51;7 x 1Ihere1 < weight of particles retained in length gauge0g < weight of total sample taken for test0 g

Re4ortin2

+eport the elongation index in percentage rounded off to thenearest whole number.


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TEST PROCEDURES

FLAKINESS TEST

1. F%*;iness In&e.:

&lakiness index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight ofparticles in it whose least dimension 5thickness7 is less then three/fifth of their mean dimension. !t is measured on particles passingthrough mesh size of 63 mm and retained on mesh size 6.3 mm.

. A44*r*t/s:

Halance0 &lakiness gauge 5thickness gauge7 and M! sie(es of thefollowing mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 mm0 > mm0 31. mm0 mm0 mm0 16 mm0 1. mm0 1 mm and 6.3 mm.

3. Proe&/re:

a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so thatatleast pieces of any fraction is present. This isnot applicable for the biggest and smallest size.


c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to mm0 mm to > mm0 > mm to 31. mm0 31. mm to mm0 mm to mm0 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to1. mm0 1. mm to 1 mm and 1 mm to 6.3 mm.

d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one byone through the corresponding slot pro(ided in thegauge. Aeep the particles passing through the slot of

the gauge and retained in gauge separately. The aimshould be to pass as many as possible through the slotto a(oid testing bias.

e. *alculate for each fraction the following :a. Percentage of number of particles passing the slot

to the total number of particles in fraction. This isnoted as Q.


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b. Percentage of weight of particles in fraction takenfor testing to the total weight of particles in allfractions taken for the test 5total 'ty.7. This isnoted as R.

C*%/%*tion

&lakiness !ndex < &i < S 5Qi $ Ri7;1I

hereQi < Percentage of number of particles passing the slot tothe total number of particles in the fraction0 I.Ri < Percentage of weight of particles in fraction to thetotal weight of particles in all fraction0 I

Re4ortin2

+eport the flakiness index in percentage rounded off to thenearest whole number.


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TEST PROCEDURES

P-D-T+)%-T-+

1. !nitial setting time of concrete by penetration resistance

!nitial setting time of concrete is the time inter(al re'uired for themortar sie(ed from the concrete mixture to reach a penetrationresistance of 3.>3 D;mm 53 kgf;cm7 after the initial contact ofcement and water.

. ,pparatus

*oncrete cube moulds of 1 cm x 1 cm size0 penetrometer

graduated from kgf to 6 kgf in increments of kgf0 pipette0 tampingrod of 16 mm in diameter and 6 mm length rounded at one end.

Procedure

a. "elect a representati(e sample of concrete of knownproportion.

b. )il the interior surface of the cube mould with mouldreleasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.

c. +emo(e all of the mortar from the sample by sie(ing itthrough a >.? mm !" sie(e into a mortar pan.d. +emix the sample thoroughly and fill it in a 1 cm cube

mould in two layers0 lea(ing a space of 13 mm 51; inch7 attop.

e. *ompact each layer with tamping rod by tamping each layer times. &or each test0 a set of three cube moulds shouldbe filled.

f. Aeep the moulds co(ered with a water $ impermeable co(erand under shed for the duration of test.

g. Prior to making each penetration resistance test0 remo(ebleeding water by using a pipette. &or easy remo(al of water0tilt the mould by placing a 3 cm block under one of the edgesand allow water to collect at the shallow portion for minutes.

h. ,fter remo(ing the bleed water0 insert the pocketpenetrometer (ertically into the mortar. Push the apparatus


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gradually until the needle penetrates the mortar upto thescribe mark0 in about 1 seconds. The force re'uired isindicated by the white ring.

i. +ecord the force re'uired and the elapsed time after addingwater to the mix.

. %ake penetration tests at hourly inter(als0 initial test beingmade after 3 hours.

k. 9ea(e a space of mm from pre(ious impressions insubse'uent penetration tests.

l. Plot the penetration resistance against time. !nitial settingtime is read off against a penetration resistancecorresponding to 3 kgf;*m.

+eporting :

,(erage (alue of elapsed time of three tests shall be reported asinitial setting time. +eport the type and proportion of cement0 fineaggregate0 coarse aggregate and the water/cement ration withambient temperature during test period with the result.


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TEST PROCEDURES

CASTING OF CONCRETE CUBE MOULDS

#7 MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE CUBES$

This method co(ers the procedure for making and curing ofconcrete cubes as per !" : 16 $ 1##.

2. APPARATUS:

heel barrow0 sampling scoop0 trowel0 cube moulds of 1 x1 x 1 cm size and tamping bar 16 mm in diameter0 .6 mlong and bulleted point at the lower end.

97 PROCEDURE $

a. &irstly decide the number of samples to be taken duringconcreting.

b. )il the interior surface of the mould with mould releasingoil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.

c. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing theconcrete properly in the transit mixer.

d. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheelbarrow withsampling scoop.

e. ,fter remixing immediately fill the mould in layersapproximately cm deep.

f. =uring filling the mould0 the scoop shall be mo(ed aroundthe top edge of the mould as the concrete slides from it0 inorder to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the concretewithin the mould.

g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod byminimum 3 strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(er

the cross/section of the mould.


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h. ,fter compacting the top layer0 top surface of the concreteshall be finished le(el with the top of the mould0 using atrowel.

i. "tore the cube moulds in a place which !s free from(ibration and co(er the surface of the concrete with apiece of damp sacking for initial 16 to > hours.


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TEST PROCEDURES

SLUMP TEST

#7 SLUMP TEST

This method of test specifies the procedure to be adopted0either in the laboratory or in the field during work0 fordetermining the workability of concrete where the nominalmaximum size of aggregate does not exceed 38 mm.

'7 APPARATUS

%etal slump cone of at least 1.6 mm thickness pro(ided with

suitable base plate and also handles for lifting it from themoulded concrete test specimen (ertically. !nternaldimension of the cone should ha(e the following sizes $Hottom diameter cmTop diameter 1 cmCeight 3 cmTamping rod of 16 mm diameter0 .6 m long and rounded atone end.

97 PROCEDURE $a. &irstly decide the fre'uency of slump (alue to be taken

during concreting.b. )il the interior surface of the slump cone with mould

releasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.c. Place the slump cone on a le(eled surface.d. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing the

concrete properly in the transit mixer.e. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheel barrow with

sampling scoop.

f. ,fter remixing immediately fill the slump cone in layersapproximately one $ 'uarter of the height of the cone.

g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod by strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(er the cross/section of the cone and for the second and subse'uentlayers tamping rod shall penetrate into the underlyinglayer.


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h. ,fter compacting the top layer0 the concrete shall bestruck off le(el with the top of the slump cone0 using atrowel. ,ny mortar0 which may ha(e leaked out betweenthe mould and the base plate0 shall be cleaned away.

i. 2nscrew the slump cone from the base plate and remo(eit immediately from the concrete by raising it slowly andcarefully in a (ertical direction.

. ,fter the concrete subsides place the slump cone on thebase plate in re(erse position and place a scale on it.%easure the height between the top of the mould and the

highest point of the specimen being tested.


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TEST PROCEDURES

DENSITY CYLINDER FOR AGGREGARE (Co*rse *n& Fine!

#7 B/%; &ensity of *22re2*te

This method of test co(ers the procedure for determining unitweight or bulk density of aggregate

'. A44*r*t/s

Halance cylindrical metal measure with handle and tamping rodof 16 mm dia. ,nd 6 cm long0 rounded at one end."izes of metal measures for different sizes of aggregate are

gi(en in table $ 1. , straight tamping rod of cylindrical c;s 16mm in diameter0 6 cm long and rounded at one end.

Table 1 : "ize of container for Hulk density test

"ize of largestparticles

Dominal*apacity

9itre

!nsidediameter

cm

!nside Ceightcm

Thickness of%etal

%in mm

>.? mm andunder

3 1 1? 3.1

)(er >.? mmto > mm

1 3 >.

)(er > mm 3 3 31 .

97 Proe&/re

+odded or *ompacted weight $

a. &ill the measure about 1;3rdheight with thoroughly mixedaggregate.

b. Tamp it with strokes of the rounded end of tampingrod.

c. ,gain fill the measure with approx. same 'uantity K tampit with strokes.


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d. )(erflow the measure0 tamp it times and struck offsurplus aggregate with tamping rod.

e. =etermine the net weight of aggregate and calculate Hulkdensity in Ag;lit.

9oose =ensity $

a. &ill the measure to o(erflow with aggregate bydischarging from height not more than cm abo(e the topof measure.

b. 9e(el the sample with a straight edge.c. =etermine the net weight of aggregate and calculate Hulk

density in Ag;lit.


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TEST PROCEDURES

PYCNOMETER

1. "pecific gra(ity of aggregates

This method co(er the procedure for finding the specific gra(ity ofaggregate using glass pycnometer.

. ,pparatus

Pycnometer 5glass bottle with conical cap7 and balance.

3. Procedure

a. eigh an empty pycnometer.b. &ill up half of the pycnometer with dry aggregate sample and

weigh.c. ,dd water to the sample0 fill the pycnometer with water0 roll it

on a flat surface and then fill it completely with water andweigh.

d. -mpty the contents of the pycnometer0 refill it with water onlyand weigh.

e. *alculate the specific gra(ity using this formula0

"p. Mra(ity < 5/17 O5>/17/53/7here1

here 1 < weight of empty pycnometer0 g. < weight of pycnometer and dry aggregate0 g. 3 < weight of pycnometer with aggregate and water0 g > < weight of pycnometer filled with only water0 g


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TEST PROCEDURES

AIR OVEN

1. %oisture *ontent of ,ggregate

%oisture content of aggregate is the percentage of weight ofwater in the aggregate sample to the total dry weight of theaggregate sample. The procedure is the same for both coarseand fine aggregate.

. ,pparatus

)ne hot plate or o(er0 tray and balance

3. Procedure

a. Take the weight of moist or wet sampleb. =ry it in a hot plate or o(enc. Take the weight of dry sample

>. *alculation

%oisture content of aggregate is calculated as follows :%


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TESTING MET1OD OF IMPACT TEST MAC1INE

(As 4er IS '9=> P*rt IV! ? #@>9

Purpose :

This method is used to determine the aggregate impact (alue ofcoarse aggregate

Procedure :

a. Take about 1 g of dry sample passing through 1. mm !"sie(e and retained on 1 mm sie(e.

b. &ill the cylindrical metal measure with the dried sample. The

sample should be placed in three increments0 each incrementbeing rodded times with the tamping rod.

c. "trike off the excess sample using the tamping rod as a straightedge.

d. Take the weight of sample in the measure 517e. Dow drop the hammer in the testing machine 1 times on the

sample kept in the cup. Ceight of the fall of the hammer shouldbe 38 mm. The inter(al between each blow should be aboutone second.

f. +emo(e the sample from the cup and sie(e it one .36 mm !"sie(e until no more sample passes through the sie(e.

g. &ind the weight of the sample retained on .36 mm sie(e 57.h. +epeat the test for another sample from the same lot and

calculate the a(erage of the two (alues.i. *alculation :

,ggregate impact (alue0 I < 51/7;1 x 1here1 < weight of dry sample passing through 1.mm !" sie(e

and retained on 1 mm !" sie(e0 g < weight of dry sample retained on .36 mm !" sie(e0 g

. +eport the aggregate impact (alue in percentage and as themean of two determinations rounded off to the nearest wholenumber.


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TEST PROCEDURES

Air O5en for A22re2*te (Co*rse *n& Fine!

1. %oisture content of ,ggregate

%oisture content of aggregate is the percentage of weight or waterin the aggregate sample to the total dry weight of the aggregatesample. The procedure is the same for both coarse and fineaggregate.

. ,pparatus

)ne hot plate or o(en tray and balance

3. Procedure

a. Take the weight of moist or wet sampleb. =ry it in a hot plate or o(enc. Take the weight of dry sample

>. *alculation

%oisture content of aggregate is calculated as follows :%


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TEST PROCEDURES

ELONGATION GAUGE COARSE AGGREGATE

#7 E%on2*tion In&e. $

-longation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight ofparticles whose greatest dimension 5length7 is greater than oneand four/fifth times their mean dimension. !t is measured onparticles passing through mesh size of 63 mm and retained onmesh size 6.3 mm.

. ,pparatus :

Halance0 -longation gauge 59ength gauge7 and !" sie(es of thefollowing mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 mm0 > mm0 31. mm0 mm0 mm0 16 mm0 1. mm0 1 mm and 6.3 mm.

3. Procedure :

a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so thatatleast pieces of any fraction is present. This is notapplicable for the biggest and smallest size.


c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to mm0 mm to > mm0 > mm to mm0 mm to mm0 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to 1. mm0 1. mm to 1 mmand 1 mm to 6.3 mm.

d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by onethrough the corresponding slot pro(ided in the gauge.Aeep the particles retained by the length separately. The

aim should be to retain as much as possible to a(oidtesting bias.

e. eigh the particles retained on length gauge.f. -longation index is the total weight of the material



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>. *alculation :

-longation index of aggregate in I is calculated as follows :

-i < 51 ; 7 x 10 Ihere1 < weight of particles retained in length gauge0 g< weight of total sample taken for test0 g

. +eporting :

+eport the elongation index in percentage rounded off to thenearest whole number.


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TEST PROCEDURES

FLAKINESS GAUGE FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

1. &lakiness !ndex&lakiness index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight ofparticles in it whose least dimension 5thickness7 is less thenthree/fifth of their mean dimension. !t is measure on particlespassing through mesh size of 63 mm and retained on meshsize 6.3 mm.

. ,pparatusHalance0 &lakiness gauge 5thickness gauge7 and M! sie(es of

the following mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 mm0 > mm0 31. mm0 mm0 mm0 16 mm0 1. mm0 1 mm and 6.3 mm.

3. Procedurea. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that

atleast pieces of any fraction is present. This is notapplicable for the biggest and smallest size.

b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(esmentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e. 63mm.

c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to mm0 mm to > mm0 > mm to 31. mm0 31. mm to mm0 mm to mm0 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to 1. mm01. mm to 1 mm and 1 mm to 6.3 mm.

d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by onethrough the corresponding slot pro(ided in the gauge.Aeep the particles passing through the slot of the gaugeand retained in gauge separately. The aim should be topass as many as possible through the slot to a(oid testing

bias.e. Dote the number of particles passing and not passing

through the corresponding slot in the gauge for eachfraction.


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f. *alculate for each fraction the following :1. Percentage of number of particle passing the slot to

the total number of particles in fraction. This is notedas Q.

. Percentage of weight of particles in fraction taken fortesting to the total weight of particles in all fractionstaken for the test 5total 'ty.7. This is noted as R.

*alculation :

&lakiness !ndex < &i < Q 5Qi $ Ri7;1I

i


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TEST PROCEDURES

SIEVES FOR FINE AGGREGATE

#7 P/r4ose $The sie(es are used for the determination of particle sizedistribution of fine aggregate by sie(ing7

'7 Sie5e *n*%ysis of Fine A22re2*te $&ine aggregate consists of material mostly between >.? mmand 1 micron. !t may be natural sand or crushed stone dust."and based on sie(e analysis is classified into four zonesconforming to zone/!0 zone/!!0 zone/!!! and zone/!4 as per !"/

383.

97 Si8es of sie5es $"ie(es of the sizes 1 mm0 >.? mm0 .36 mm0 1.18 mm0 6mic.0 3 mic.0 and 1 mic. ,nd weighing balance.


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Table 1 : Mrading zones 5!.". 3837 1#?8

I7 S7 Sie5eC/3/%*ti5e 4erent*2e 4*ssin2 IS sie5es for 2r*&in2 8one

(n*t/r*% s*n&!Cr/s6e&

S*n&

I II III IV

1mm 1 1 1 1 1>.?mm #/1 #/1 #/1 #/1 #/1

.36mm 6/# ?/1 8/1 #/1 ?/1

1.18mm 3/? /# ?/1 #/1 /1

6 micron 1/3> 3/# 6/?# 8/1 3/?#

3 micron / 8/3 1/> 1/ 8/>

1 micron /1 /1 /1 /1 /

? micron /3 /3 /3 /3 /1

Documents

Test Procedures of Concrete