Test #5Review

Significant Figures

Define precision.How detailed is your measurement.

Define accuracy.How correct is your measurement.

Is it possible to be very precise and very inaccurate? Yes.You could, for example, measure your height to be5.6224 meters.

Significant Figures

Which is more accurate, 2.3 meters or 2.321 meters? Impossible to say. You don’t know the correct length.

How many sig figs in 2.00 grams?three

How many sig figs in 1500 liters?two

How many sig figs in 200.00 Newtons?five

Unit Conversion

How many meters in 362 centimeters?3.62 m

How grams in 4.5 kilograms?4500 g

If 22.1 p equals 84 q, how many p are equal to 469 q?120 p(remember, only two sig figs)

What is the melting temperature?100 degrees C

Once melting begins, how much energy is needed to finish?60 calories

Phase Changes

Which phase has no definite volume or shape? gas

Which has the higher temperature, melting or freezing?It’s the same!

Changing from gas to liquid phase is called . . . condensation.

Does a liquid absorb or give off energy when freezing?Energy is given off.

Atomic History

Who discovered the nucleus? Ernest Rutherford

Who discovered the electron?J. J. Thomson

Who made the first periodic table of the elements?Dmitri Mendeleev

What did the “gold foil” experiment discover?the nucleus

Atomic Basics

What is the mass of the proton? 1 amu

Which force holds the nucleus together?the strong force

Which force holds the electrons around the nucleus?the electromagnetic force

Define mass number.number of protons + number of neutrons

Atomic Basics

The identity of an element depends on the number of . . . . . . protons

How many protons in one atom of iron?26

How many neutrons in one atom of 19F?10

How many electrons in a +1 ion of potassium?18

Atomic Basics

How many valence electrons in one atom of sulfur?6

What is an ion?a charged atom

What is the most likely charge on an ion of sulfur?-2

Add two neutrons to calcium-40. What’s the new element?calcium-42

Table Trends

Which is more reactive, lithium or potassium?potassium

Why?Less force; it’s easier to remove an electron.

Which is more reactive, fluorine or bromine?fluorine

Why?It attracts electrons with greater force.

Table Trends

Which is larger, lithium or potassium?potassium

Why?more energy levels

Which is larger, fluorine or bromine?bromine (For the same reason – more energy levels.)

Why do elements in the same family behave the same?They all have the same number of valence electrons.

Chemical Formulas

Predict the formula for potassium sulfide.K2S

Predict the formula for calcium iodide.CaI2

Predict the formula for gallium oxide.Ga2O3

Predict the formula for lithium sulfite.Li2SO3

Chemical Bonds

Which bond would form between sodium and oxygen?ionic

Which bond would form between nitrogen and oxygen?covalent

What is the name of SiO2?silicon dioxide

Which would be a better conductor, SiO2 or KCl?Potassium chloride; it’s ionic.

Here are some other topics:

• electron orbitals• types of chemical reactions• balancing equations• energy of chemical reactions• reaction rates• acids & bases