Terrorism by Adam Part 1

Terrorism

10-1 Adam

Friday, December 2, 2011

Al Qaeda


Al Qaeda

The background of Al Qaeda:

1. The foundation of Al Qaeda:

Al Qaeda grew from an organization called Mektab al-Khidmat. Mektab al-Khidmat (MAK) was establish in 1984 by Osama Bin Laden and his teacher Abdullah Azzam. The main reason for MAK is to train Muslims to fight the Soviet Army which invade Afghanistan in 1979. Osama Bin Laden took the idea and create the Al Qaeda.Early Al Qaeda the organization was very traditional, but Bin Laden want to make the organization become an international organization.


Al Qaeda

In the mid 1990 because of the increases of the internet Al Qaeda starts to become global terrorist group. Al Qaeda was well known as the terrorist group with no headquarters but many of them all link to the Islamist.Al Qaeda absorbs many small terrorist group and build up a chain of terrorism. For example, Al Qaeda absorbs the terrorist group Al Tawhid w’al Jihad in 2003 during the Iraq war.After 911 attack, Al Qaeda group attracts many extreme Islamists around the world.


Al Qaeda Many of them decides to join terrorist groups and copying the way that Bin Laden did. They use the word “Jihad” to describe their action. Many Islam terrorist group fellowed the idea of Al Qaeda creates and try to start a “global Jihad.”

2.The reasons why Al Qaeda has so many support:

There are many reasons that why Al Qaeda has so many support:


Al Qaeda

The first one is Al Qaeda using the word “ Jihad” to describe their crime, and Al Qaeda use the unfair issues in the Middle East to make themselves (Muslims) to be seen as the victim of the Western Power.

The second reason of why Al Qaeda has so many support is Al Qaeda is not only a single organization, it is a global terrorist network and the network contains many other small terrorist groups like Al Tawhid w’al Jihad, Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI).....etc.


Al Qaeda

Why Al Qaeda had so many support?

During the war in Afghanistan, there were many Islamic schools (Madrasah) found during that time. After the war Bin Laden used these school to spread their extreme Islam ideas and also find the members of Al Qaeda. In 2001 there are about 110,000 people were in the Islamic training school and about 3000 people had been chosen to be one of the Al Qaeda’s member.

The training of the members in those schools had three sections:

1. The first section is to learn the laws of Islam and some basic skill of shooting.

2. The second section is to learn the skills of murdering, bombing and other weapons.

3. In the third section Al Qaeda will try to find the loyal people and become their members. After become the members of Al Qaeda, they will be trained how to become suicide bombers.

These three section of training make the terrorism Institutionalized.


Al Qaeda

Bin Laden speaks gentle to his followers and even though he is extremely wealthy, he lets his followers know that he would rather give up living in the wealthy life to fight with his followers and that establish a good personal reputation. He knew that many Muslims would disagree with him by starting a holy war, so he used other Muslim thinkers theories “ Using the Jihad to protect the shrine.” He believed that American government should pay for the responsible of the thousands Muslims’ death in Palestine, and the reason why American troops enter Middle East is to protect the right of Israel.


Al Qaeda

3.Reasons why Al Qaeda fight against the Western Power:

3-1.America tries to control the Middle East oil market.

3-2.America support Israel the country of Jews which is been seen as the invader in the Muslim countries.

3-3.Al Qaeda thought America as an invader whom tries to colonize Middle East.

3-4. Al Qaeda wanted to punish the people who disagree the God of Muslim from Saudi Arabia.


Al Qaeda

3-5The past of Bin Laden

3-5-1 People who influenced Bin Laden

Many Muslims thinker had effect the thoughts of Bin Laden, for example his father and Azzam, and also the Egyptian doctor Zawahiri. The Egyptian doctor Zawahiri had taught him. Zawahiri is an Egyptian terrorist and he had been influenced by the idea of Qutb.

3-5-2 Events that influenced Bin Laden

In August 1990 The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait happened, and Bin Laden wanted to offered the services of his mujahideen to Saudi Arabi, but he had been refused by the king and then America and its alliesʼ foreign troops had a chance to get into the "land of the two mosques",Mecca and Medina. This made Osama Bin Laden very mad and started to fight against America and its allies.----(“Bin Laden” Wikipedia)


Al Qaeda

4.Members of the Group:

The Leaders of Al Qaeda:

Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden is the leader of the Al Qaeda terrorist

group, was born on March 10, 1957 and killed by the

US Navy Seals and CEI on May 2, 2011. He was

one of the most wanted list in FBI. He and his group

members planed the 911 attacks in America which is the biggest terrorist attack ever happened in history.


Al Qaeda

The second in command:

Name:Ayman Al Zawahiri

Ayman Al Zawahiri is the second in command in Al Qaeda, he was born in June,19th,1951.In the year 1966, Zawahiri formed an underground organization which want to overthrowing Egyptian government. In 1979 he and his group with three others to create the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization. Islamic Jihad planned the Egyptian President Sadat's assassination in the year 1980, and with the other members, Zawahiri was imprison because of the assassination. In the year 1980, Zawahiri went to Afghanistan, and during that time the Mujahideen was fight against the Soviet War and thats how he meet Osama Bin Laden.


Al Qaeda

Other members:Muhammad Ibrahim Makkawi:

He is one of the leaders of Al Qaeda and he played an important role in the foundation of Al Qaeda in Iraq. In 1988 Makkawi tried to assassinate the Egyptian President Anwar Al Sadat, then he joined the mujahideen in Afghanistan to fight the Soviet invasion and he is arrest in 2007 March.

Suleyman Abu Ghaith:

He was the spokesman for Al Qaeda, and he joined the Al Qaeda

in June 2000. He was also arrest in Iran in 2007 March.


Al Qaeda

5.The attacks that Al Qaeda took: The 911 attack:

On September 21st,2001, the terrorist group Al Qaeda attacked America by hijacking the four American airlines. At 8:46 the American Airline flight11 crashed into North Tower of World Trade Center, and at 9:03 the United Airline flight 175 crashed into the South Tower of World Trade Center, and at 9:37 the American Airline flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon. This attack caused 2977 people had been killed and more than 6000 people had been injured.

After 911 attack, America started to attack the members of Al Qaeda in Middle East, and because of that Al Qaeda started to turn their attack smaller and smaller to keep their flexibility to start the next big attack in America. Al Qaeda had been influenced by Azzam, and the followers of Azzam ( Taliban) had succeed to take the govern in Afghanistan. Taliban tried to let the revolution in Middle East started. Al Qaeda also had built the bases in Europe and North America and Bin Laden became not only the leader of Al Qaeda, but also the leader of global terror.


Al Qaeda

6. Where is the main idea of Al Qaeda come from:

The main idea of Al Qaeda is from Abdullah Azzam. Abdullah believed that its impossible to build the Muslims government in a peaceful way, and the only way to do that is by using “Jihad.”

The revolution in Iran Khomeini and the invasion of Russia in Afghanistan was the first two event that Muslims started “ Jihad” to protect their hometown. Azzam had written a book called Ilhaq bil-Qawafilah (Join the Caravan), in that book he said all the Muslim had a responsibility to join “Jihad.” In his theory he made Jihad in to two groups. The first group is the “defense Jihad” used to protect the Muslim’s land from the non-believers. The second type is the “Offense Jihad” and it is used for bring the Muslim faith in to the world.

He also write the rules for Jihad:

1. The shock troops should take the hardest challenge.

2.The leader of the group should take care and train its members.

3. The member of shock troops should be ascetic.


Al Qaeda

4. Each member should have a hard belief in their victory.

5. No matter how long the war takes, the members should have a strong willpower of keep fighting.

6.Dispute resolution, be patient and worship

7.Being loyalty and dedication for God.

8.Need to know where is the anti-Islam movement taking place

These rules had been used in Al Qaeda to organized their group. <The rules had been write in my words>

In Azzam’s theory his attack target didn’t differentiate the normal citizens and the armed solider. After Azzam had been murdered, Bin Laden becomes the leader of the movement. Different from Arabian terrorist, their enemy is not only Isreal, but also the enemies for all the Islam World. The aim of “Jihad” is to train their warriors into Martyrs. In this idea “Jihad” had been used to attack the Islam non-believers. These ideas had been deeply used in Al Qaeda. In Al Qaeda, each member had been taught the ideas of Martyrs, because in mujahid the best choose to serve Islam is to become a Martyrs.

The success in spreading their ideas to their member, so their member would feel honor instead of guilty.


Al Qaeda

Why some attacks happened in Muslim countries?

The reasons why terrorist group also attacked in Muslim countries is Bin Laden believed in Qutb’s theory of “ obscurantism”. He believed those Muslims countries is in the age of obscurantism and they also support the antiterrorism movement.


References

Jeffrey, Kenney .Muslim Rebels: op.cit, p.182

Rohan Gunaratna,”Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror “Washington, Berkeley Trade,2003).p.1. 295 Ibid., p.5.

Sheik Abdullah Azzam, “Conclusion,” in Join the Caravan (London: Azzam Publications, 2001). The book can also be retrieved December 24, 2006, from the World Wide Web: http://www.islamiswatch.org/texts /azzam/caravan/caravan.html

Sheik Abdullah Azzam, “Chapter One,” in Defense of Muslim lands, retrieved December 24, 2006, from the World Wide Web: http://www.islamistwatch.org/texts/azzam/defense/defense.html

Rohan Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror, op.cit., p.3.

Ibid., p.4. Ibid., p.86. Ibid., p.58. Ibid., p.4, Ibid., pp.46~47, Ibid., pp.110~113.

Peter Bergen, Holy War, Inc.: Inside The Secret World of Osama Bin Laden (Washington: Thorndike Press, 2002), p.37..

Peter Bergen, op.cit., pp.95-99.


http://www.islamiswatch.org/texts

http://www.islamiswatch.org/texts

http://www.islamistwatch.org/texts/azzam/defense/defense.html

http://www.islamistwatch.org/texts/azzam/defense/defense.html

References

Paper use:

CUBUK, OSMAN. The Concept of Peace and Terrorism in Islam. Rep. no. 096AU000183003-001. Taipei: OSMAN CUBUK, 2008. Print.Title of Thesis:The Concept of Peace and Terrorism in Islam Key words:Islam, Terrorism, peace, tolerance, extremism, jihad Name of Institute: Aletheia University Graduated Religious Department Graduate Date:130 Degree Conferred:Master Degree Name of Student:Osman Cubuk Advisor:Lin Chan-Kuan,Ph.D.


Recent Terrorist Attacks


London Bombings

2005.7.7


London Bombings

On July, 7, 2005 London had been bombed. On that day the terrorist used suicide bombing and caused more than 56 deaths and almost 700 people injured. Three bombs exploded in the London underground subway systems, and another one exploded in double-decker bus. At about 8:50 in the morning the three bombs were carried on the subway. The first explode take place on the subway train number 204 traveling between Liverpool Street and Aldgate. The second explode happened on the subway train numbered 216 which was traveling between Edgware and Paddington. The third explode happened on a deep level underground subway train numbered 311 when it was traveling between King Cross Street and Russell Square.


London Bombings

The fourth bomb exploded on the top of the double-decker bus numbered 30. There were four suicide bombers in this attack. The attack was from the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades terrorist group. The group was also linked to Al Qaeda terrorist group and the reasons why the terrorist attacks London was because England enter the military movement in Afghanistan and Iraq. The main purpose of this attack is to take revenge of England. After the attack the England government closed the subway systems that day and told the citizens to stay home and avoid going to London.


London Bombings

When the first bomb exploded in the subway system, the Transport of London (TfL) said the exploded was caused by the accident of High-tension line but it wasn’t. The method used in this attack was very similar as the bombing attack in Madrid Spain in 2004. The police believed the attacked was planned by a big terrorism group. The most strangest thing was that after the bombing in the subway the London Police ordered the number 30 bus to leave its normal traveling path and parked at the Tavistock Square, and at 9:47 the bus exploded. Another strange thing was the bombers, they bought the roundtrip tickets to London ! Did the four London bombers intend to die? One of the bombers spent a lot money repairing his car before the bombing, and another one was a teacher and had a family. Did these people really want to blow themselves up or they were carrying a timed bomb? Or maybe their act was design to avoid suspicion.


London Bombings


References

1.Roth, Richard. "Did London Bombers Intend To Die? - CBS News." Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment & World News - CBS News. CBSNEWS Interactive Inc., 11 Feb. 2009. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/07/27/world/main712368.shtml>.

2.The Truth About The 7 7 London Bombings Pt 1. Dir. Redneck OZ. VidoEmo - Emotional Video Unity. ConspiracyNews.net, 2006. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.vidoevo.com/yvideo.php?i=M2ZnZmRjcWuRpZGlkTlU>.

3."7 July 2005 London Bombings." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 16 Sept. 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings>.

4.Paper used:

林, 文成. 論全球化的國家安全以恐怖主義為例. Rep. no. 201001. Taipei: 林文成, 2009. Print


http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/07/27/world/main712368.shtml




http://www.vidoevo.com/yvideo.php?i=M2ZnZmRjcWuRpZGlkTlU




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings

Delhi Bombing

2011.9.7


Delhi Bombing

On September 7, 2011 the capital of India, Delhi had been attacked by terrorist. The attack take place on the Delhi High Court. At 10:47 local time the bomb exploded. The bomb were placed in a brief case at the high court reception. 12 people were killed and 76 people were injured.

The attack was planned by the Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HuJI) terrorist group the purpose of their attack was that they want to take avenge of the judgement of court. The court hanged Mohammed Afzal Guru for the 2001 Indian Parliament attack.


Delhi Bombing

The terrorist group Indian Mujahideen said they were also responsible for the attack by e-mail. On September 10th, the Indian Union Home Secretary said that the two e-mails maybe were not sent from the terrorist group and it maybe sent from someone else.

The first e-mail which named by the Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HuJI) was sent from Global Internet Cafe located at Malik Market in Kishtwar.


Delhi Bombing

Another e-mail which was named as the Indian Mujahideen was send from Monu Ojha, a 22 years old school dropout, he confessed he created a fake e-mail.

After the investigation, on October 7, 2011 the police arrested a medical student, Wasim Akram Malik, from Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir who was a key conspirator of the attack said by the National Investigation Agency (NIA). The NIA said that the student had strong linked to the terrorist group Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami.


References

1."2011 Delhi Bombing." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc., 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Delhi_bombing>.

2."New Delhi: Bomb Blast outside High Court." Oneindia News. Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd.|, 7 Sept. 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://news.oneindia.in/2011/09/07/bomb-blast-outside-delhi-high-court-gate-number-5.html>.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Delhi_bombing




http://news.oneindia.in/2011/09/07/bomb-blast-outside-delhi-high-court-gate-number-5.html






Somali truck bombing

2011.10.4



On October 4, 2011, the capital of Somali, Mogadishu, had been attacked by the suicide truck bombing. The truck bombing take place at the Ministry of Education in Mogadishu, killing more than 70 people. Many of the victims are students which were going to receive the scholarship from the Turkish government.At that time many of the students and parents were standing outside the building and to check did they receive the education award or not. The attack was the deadliest in the nation’s history and the death toll is expected to rise because the rescue team is still pulling the bodies from the rubble.



Some officials believed that the total death is more than 100. The attack was been planned by the Al-Shabaab terrorist group, the group was linked to the Al-Qaeda terrorist group. Al-Shabaab is an international terrorist group.

The reason of the attack is that Shabaab terrorist group want to overthrow the United-Nation-backed transition government of Somali, which they thought the government was a puppet of the West and they want to use Somalia’s own version of Sharia law.



The picture of the attack. The flag of Al-Shabaab


References

1. Waithe., Pierre. "Al-Shabaab Suicide Truck Bombing in Mogadishu Claims 70 Lives." Digital Journal: A Global Digital Media Network. Digital Journal, 4 Oct. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://digitaljournal.com/article/312350>.

2. "Somali Truck Bombing Blamed on Al-Shabab - World News - Africa - Msnbc.com." Msnbc.com - Breaking News, Science and Tech News, World News, US News, Local News- Msnbc.com. Associated Press, 4 Oct. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44768354/ns/world_news-africa/t/deadly-somali-truck-bombing-blamed-al-qaida-linked-group/>.

3.Nairobi, Gabe Joselow |. "Deadly Bombing in Mogadishu Marks Return of Al-Shabab | Africa | English." News | English. Voice of America A Trusted Source of News and Information, 4 Oct. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Car-Bomb-Targets-Government-Building-in-Somali-Capital--131038228.html>.


http://digitaljournal.com/article/312350

http://digitaljournal.com/article/312350

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44768354/ns/world_news-africa/t/deadly-somali-truck-bombing-blamed-al-qaida-linked-group/




http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Car-Bomb-Targets-Government-Building-in-Somali-Capital--131038228.html






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Terrorism by Adam Part 1