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Terrestrial analogues to the Martian hematite deposits with special focus on the Utah occurrences Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid, 29 September 2003
Hematite occurrences associated with hydrothermal mineralization in different geotectonic settings
Jesús Martínez-Frías
Ancient Egyptians weared hematite rings on the thumb due to the position of the lower Mars mount.
“Hematite helps maintain balance between body, mind, and spirit”.
The Ankh is the egyptian symbol of life
Hematite Ankh pendant
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Martian hydrothermal/groundwater systems would provide a suitable environment either for a martian origin of life or for its continued existence.
• Direct precipitation from standing, oxygenated, Fe-rich water• Precipitation from Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids
• Low-temperature dissolution and precipitation through mobile groundwater leaching
• Surface weathering and coatings• Thermal oxidation of magnetite-rich lavasChristensen et al. (2001)
x50
Iron oxide (hematite) Terra Meridiani Iron oxide (magnetite) Nakhla meteorite
Rull, F., Martínez-Frias, J. & Edwards, H.G.M. (2001) Mineralogy and Spectroscopy 4th European Conference, Paris Christensen et al. (2000) JGR 105 (E4) Fig.4 9628
Hematite Rose is a circular arrangement of bladed crystals giving the appearance of the flower of a rose. Tiger Iron is a deposit of approximately 2.2 billion years old that consists of alternating layers of silver
gray hematite and red jasper, chert or even tiger eye quartz. Kidney Ore is the massive botryoidal form and gives the appearance of lumpy kidney-like masses.
Oolitic Hematite is a formation that has a reddish brown color and an earthy luster and is composed of small rounded grains.
Specularite is a micaceous or flaky stone that is sparkling silver gray and sometimes used as an ornamental stone.
Analyses of hematite
1 2
Fe2O3 98.20 98.14
FeO 1.80 1.29
Mn2O3 0.54
MnO 0.38
100.00 100.35
Analyses of hematite
Magnetite Fe3O4
Hematite, Fe2O3
Bixbyite, (Mn, Fe)2O3
Goethite, FeO(OH)
Ferrihydrite Fe5O7OH · H2O Limonite
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Planetary Geology Laboratory
Research Lines
CRYOMAGMATISM
METEORITIC IMPACTSCRATERS/EVENTS GEOLOGICAL MODELS
(HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS/ SUBMARINE VENTS)
IDPs/ASTEROIDAL METEORITESPRISTINE MATERIAL PLANETARY METEORITES
MARS METEORITES
RADIATION
ATMOSPHERESCLIMATE/ICE FORMATION
Martínez-Frías, J. (1992) "The Hiendelaencina Mining District" Mineralium Deposita, 27: 206-212
Bustillo, M.A, Garcia-Guinea, J. Martinez-Frias, J. y Delgado (1999) “Unusual sedimentary geodes filled by gold-bearing hematite laths”
Geol. Magazine, 136-6: 671-679.
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Las Herrerías, Almería
Martínez-Frías, J., García Guinea, J., López Ruiz, J. & Reynolds, G.A. (1992) "Discovery of fossil fumaroles in Spain" Economic Geology, 87, 444-447.
Martínez-Frías, J. (1998) "An Ancient Ba-Sb-Ag-Fe-Hg- bearing hydrothermal system in SE Spain" Episodes, 21-4, 248-252.
Tenerife, Canary Islands
Rodríguez-Losada, J.A., Martinez-Frias, J., Bustillo, M.A. Delgado, A., Hernandez-Pacheco, A. y De la Fuente Krauss, J.V. (2000) “The Taganana dyke intrusion. Two cases study: the hydrothermalized ankaramite basalts of Punta Poyata and the mineralized alkaline outcrops of Benijo (Tenerife, Canary Islands”. J. Volc. Geoth. Res. 103 (1-4): 367-376.
Bustillo, M. A. & Martínez-Frías J. (2003) Green opals in hydrothermalized basalts (Tenerife Island, Spain): alteration and ageing of silica pseudoglass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 323: 27-33.
Diaz-del-Rio, V., Somoza L., Martinez-Frias J., Hernandez-Molina F.J, Lunar, R., Fernandez-Puga M.C., Maestro A., Terrinha P., Llave E., Garcia A., Garcia A. C. and J.T Vazquez (2003) Vast fields of hydrocarbon-derived carbonate chimneys related to the accretionary wedge/olistostrome of the Gulf of Cadiz Marine Geology 159: 177-200.
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Morphological types of vent structures in the Gulf of Cadiz
76 samples
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Example of a “living bacteria” in a mussel gill, Gulf of Mexico
Mineralized bacteria-related? framboids in the submarine chimneys (Gulf of Cadiz)
Deception Island
Rey, J., Somoza, L. & Martínez-Frías, J. (1995) "Neotectonic, volcanic and hydrothermal processes related to the geodynamic framework in the Western Brandsfield Rift, Deception island (Antarctica)" Geo-Marine Letters, 15: 1-8.
Fe-Mn
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Sampling of terrestrial and submarine selected areas
HYDRODEC 2000-2001
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UTETerrestrial analogues to the Martian hematite
deposits with special focus on the Utah occurrences Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA
Associated to NASA Astrobiology Institute, Madrid (Spain)29 September 2003
