TerraTerraLaunched December 18, 1999Launched December 18, 1999

ASTER

MODIS

CERESMISR

MOPITT

• NASA & MITI, TerraNASA & MITI, Terra

– 705 km polar orbit, descending (10:30 705 km polar orbit, descending (10:30 a.m.)a.m.)

• Sensor CharacteristicsSensor Characteristics

– 14 spectral bands ranging from 0.56 14 spectral bands ranging from 0.56 to 11.3 µmto 11.3 µm

– 3 tiltable subsystems for acquiring 3 tiltable subsystems for acquiring stereoscopic imagery over a swath stereoscopic imagery over a swath width of 60 kmwidth of 60 km

– Spatial resolutions:Spatial resolutions:

• 15 m (bands 1, 2, 3N, 3B)15 m (bands 1, 2, 3N, 3B)

• 30 m (bands 4 - 9)30 m (bands 4 - 9)

• 90 m (bands 10 - 14)90 m (bands 10 - 14)

– 4% reflectance calibration accuracy 4% reflectance calibration accuracy (VNIR & SWIR)(VNIR & SWIR)

– 2 K brightness temperature accuracy 2 K brightness temperature accuracy (240-370 K)(240-370 K)

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission & Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission & Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)

SWIR

VNIR (1,2,3N)

VNIR (3B) TIR

Synergy Between Terra & Landsat-7 Synergy Between Terra & Landsat-7 (same day 705 km orbits ~ 30 min. apart)(same day 705 km orbits ~ 30 min. apart)

spatial resolution (275, 550, 1100 m)

Landsat ETM+ input to Terra dataLandsat ETM+ input to Terra data• Vegetation classification for MODIS & MISR biophysical productsVegetation classification for MODIS & MISR biophysical products• Focus on global change hotspots detected by MODIS & MISRFocus on global change hotspots detected by MODIS & MISR• Linking Terra observations with 26+ year Landsat archiveLinking Terra observations with 26+ year Landsat archive• Radiometric rectification of MODIS dataRadiometric rectification of MODIS data

183 km

2330 km swath widthspatial resolution (250, 500, 1000 m) global coverage ˛ 2 days

360 km global coverage ˛ 9 days

spatial resolution (15, 30, 60 m)Landsat 7 16 day orbital repeatglobal coverage ˛ seasonally

spatial resolution (15, 30, 90 m)spatial resolution (15, 30, 90 m)ASTER 45-60 day orbital repeatglobal coverage ˛ months to years

60 km swath

MODIS

MISR

Terra input to Landsat ETM+ dataTerra input to Landsat ETM+ data

• Use of MODIS & MISR for improved atmospheric correction of ETM+Use of MODIS & MISR for improved atmospheric correction of ETM+

• Use of MODIS & MISR for temporal interpolation of ETM+ dataUse of MODIS & MISR for temporal interpolation of ETM+ data

• Cross-calibration of ASTER, MISR, and MODISCross-calibration of ASTER, MISR, and MODIS

Wavelength RegionBand No. Spectral Range

(µm)Band No. Spectral Range

(µm)VNIR 1 0.45-0.52

1 0.52-0.60 2 0.52-0.602 0.63-0.69 3 0.63-0.693 0.76-0.86 4 0.76-0.90

SWIR 4 1.60-1.70 5 1.55-1.755 2.145-2.185 7 2.08-2.356 2.185-2.2257 2.235-2.2858 2.295-2.3659 2.360-2.430

TIR 10 8.125-8.475 6 10.4-12.511 8.475-8.82512 8.925-9.27513 10.25-10.9514 10.95-11.65

Terra/ASTER Landsat 7/ETM+

Comparison of Landsat 7 and ASTERComparison of Landsat 7 and ASTER

Spectral Exitance (Temp. & Spectral Exitance (Temp. & ))

= 1.0= 1.0

= 1.0= 1.0

= 1.0= 1.0

Earth’s reflective (sun) & Earth’s reflective (sun) & emissive (reradiation) regionsemissive (reradiation) regions

Spectral Spectral ReflectanceReflectanceAsphalt & Asphalt & Concrete Concrete RR=1-A=1-A

Green Veg Green Veg & &

Astroturf Astroturf RR=1-A=1-A

Green Veg & Fall Colors

RR=1-A=1-A

Snow, Clouds, Water, Soil, & Green Veg.Snow, Clouds, Water, Soil, & Green Veg.

RR=1-A=1-A

Exoatmospheric Exoatmospheric Solar IrradianceSolar Irradiance

atmospheric limb

Solar IrradianceSolar Irradiance at at

Earth’s SurfaceEarth’s Surface

ASTERASTER

ASTERASTER

ASTERASTER

TerraTerraLaunched December 18, 1999Launched December 18, 1999

ASTER

MODIS

CERESMISR

MOPITT

• NASA & MITI, TerraNASA & MITI, Terra

– 705 km polar orbit, descending (10:30 705 km polar orbit, descending (10:30 a.m.)a.m.)

• Sensor CharacteristicsSensor Characteristics

– 14 spectral bands ranging from 0.56 14 spectral bands ranging from 0.56 to 11.3 µmto 11.3 µm

– 3 tiltable subsystems for acquiring 3 tiltable subsystems for acquiring stereoscopic imagery over a swath stereoscopic imagery over a swath width of 60 kmwidth of 60 km

– Spatial resolutions:Spatial resolutions:

• 15 m (bands 1, 2, 3N, 3B)15 m (bands 1, 2, 3N, 3B)

• 30 m (bands 4 - 9)30 m (bands 4 - 9)

• 90 m (bands 10 - 14)90 m (bands 10 - 14)

– 4% reflectance calibration accuracy 4% reflectance calibration accuracy (VNIR & SWIR)(VNIR & SWIR)

– 2 K brightness temperature accuracy 2 K brightness temperature accuracy (240-370 K)(240-370 K)

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission & Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission & Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)

SWIR

VNIR (1,2,3N)

VNIR (3B) TIR

Wavelength RegionBand No. Spectral Range

(µm)Band No. Spectral Range

(µm)VNIR 1 0.45-0.52

1 0.52-0.60 2 0.52-0.602 0.63-0.69 3 0.63-0.693 0.76-0.86 4 0.76-0.90

SWIR 4 1.60-1.70 5 1.55-1.755 2.145-2.185 7 2.08-2.356 2.185-2.2257 2.235-2.2858 2.295-2.3659 2.360-2.430

TIR 10 8.125-8.475 6 10.4-12.511 8.475-8.82512 8.925-9.27513 10.25-10.9514 10.95-11.65

Terra/ASTER Landsat 7/ETM+

Comparison of Landsat 7 and ASTERComparison of Landsat 7 and ASTER

Synergy Between Terra & Landsat-7 Synergy Between Terra & Landsat-7 (same day 705 km orbits ~ 30 min. apart)(same day 705 km orbits ~ 30 min. apart)

spatial resolution (275, 550, 1100 m)

Landsat ETM+ input to Terra dataLandsat ETM+ input to Terra data• Vegetation classification for MODIS & MISR biophysical productsVegetation classification for MODIS & MISR biophysical products• Focus on global change hotspots detected by MODIS & MISRFocus on global change hotspots detected by MODIS & MISR• Linking Terra observations with 26+ year Landsat archiveLinking Terra observations with 26+ year Landsat archive• Radiometric rectification of MODIS dataRadiometric rectification of MODIS data

183 km

2330 km swath widthspatial resolution (250, 500, 1000 m) global coverage ˛ 2 days

360 km global coverage ˛ 9 days

spatial resolution (15, 30, 60 m)Landsat 7 16 day orbital repeatglobal coverage ˛ seasonally

spatial resolution (15, 30, 90 m)spatial resolution (15, 30, 90 m)ASTER 45-60 day orbital repeatglobal coverage ˛ months to years

60 km swath

MODIS

MISR

Terra input to Landsat ETM+ dataTerra input to Landsat ETM+ data

• Use of MODIS & MISR for improved atmospheric correction of ETM+Use of MODIS & MISR for improved atmospheric correction of ETM+

• Use of MODIS & MISR for temporal interpolation of ETM+ dataUse of MODIS & MISR for temporal interpolation of ETM+ data

• Cross-calibration of ASTER, MISR, and MODISCross-calibration of ASTER, MISR, and MODIS

Flyby around Mt. Flyby around Mt. Fuji, was created Fuji, was created

entirely from entirely from ASTER dataASTER data

It shows how It shows how ASTER’s stereo ASTER’s stereo imaging imaging capability allows capability allows us to produce us to produce detailed elevation detailed elevation datadata

Over the lifetime of Over the lifetime of the mission, the mission, ASTER will ASTER will acquire stereo acquire stereo data over the data over the entire land entire land surface of the surface of the EarthEarth

ASTER Stereo View of Mt. FujiASTER Stereo View of Mt. Fuji

• Visible & Near-Infrared Visible & Near-Infrared RadiometerRadiometer–RR = 0.81 µm = 0.81 µm

–G = 0.66 µmG = 0.66 µm

–B B = 0.56 µm= 0.56 µm

• Suspended sediment in Suspended sediment in the bays, vegetation the bays, vegetation health, and details of health, and details of urban developmenturban development

ASTER Image of San Francisco BayASTER Image of San Francisco Bay

ASTER Image of WashingtonASTER Image of Washington

RR== 0.81 µm0.81 µm

GG== 0.66 µm0.66 µm

BB== 0.56 µm0.56 µm

• High spatial resolution sensors have been in orbit around High spatial resolution sensors have been in orbit around the Earth since 1972 and is a useful resource forthe Earth since 1972 and is a useful resource for–Land cover and land use changeLand cover and land use change

–Emergencies such as flooding and volcanic eruptionsEmergencies such as flooding and volcanic eruptions

–Monitoring the evolution and change in glaciers and ice sheets Monitoring the evolution and change in glaciers and ice sheets over timeover time

Combination of sensors/spectral regions is powerful and redundancy is v. important

Summary and Conclusions