12
Ni-Fe-Co * ** !" # " $% & "’ ( )&* +,! ) : ! / / #$ % &’( )*( : + / # / # ( +- . . !" #$%&’ ($)* +&, - .$"/ Ni-Fe-Co 0 . 2)3 4&5 6$&$)* * $# 78 69& : - 0 ; . $<$) = >$# ? $@/ - () A ; /) B< AC C : BD . E $<$ F$/ 0 E8 G2/ H 0 ;* . BD ;EI ? 0JK >B$&$)* * $# F)3 $<$) = .L 7 M $H"/ N% O&5 $’ E 0 . /0 %1 : ($)* = >=& 4, * >B$&$)* * $# F)3 > Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition M. Ghorbani and A.M. Saedi Department of Matherials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology Abstract: Nanowire is a cylindrical nano-structure with nanometer dimensions. In this research, the studied nanowire was made from the magnetic triple Ni-Fe-Co alloy. We utilized ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide as a template for the nanowire deposition. The nanowire arrays were electrodeposited in the cylindrical pores of the oxide layer by AC potential in a simple sulfate bath. Then the relation of shape and composition of the nanowires with their fabrication parameters was investigated. The results showed that the barrier layer modification had an essential role in the deposition process and a composition gradient was detected in a single nanowire. Keywords: Nanowire, Anodic aluminium oxide template, Barrier layer modification, AC potential, Alloy codeposition * % -.( ** % /0

Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

  • Upload
    momenzi

  • View
    25

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� ���� ���

�� �� ��� �� ����� ����������� ������Ni-Fe-Co

������ ����*������ ������� **

� !� "#" �� $%� � ���&�� " '(��� ��)&* +�,!�

)����� ���� �:!/�/#$%&��'( �)*( ���� � :+�/#/#�(

+���-.�� ���� � �� � ����� ������� �� ����� � � ����� �� �� ��� ����� � ����� �� �� ����� ��.� �� �� ! "� ��� � ����� � �#$%�&'� (�$)* +&, -� .$�"/Ni-Fe-Co 0�� .�2)�3 4��&5 �� 6$&$��)* �� * �$#�� 7�8 � �� � ����� � 69&� :���� -� ��� � 0�� �

� ;������ ����� � . � ���$<$���)� =��� >��$#�� ��? ��� �$@/ -� ��� (� �)� A�� �� ;��� �/��)�� B�<� �� �����AC ���C � :�� �� �� � B�D � .��E����� � ������ � ���$<$ F$��/ �� 0��� ��E������8 G�2/�� ��� �H��� ��0�� �� ����� ;��* �.B�D � ���� �� � ;�E�I�

��? 0��JK >B�$&$��)* �� * �$#�� F)�3� � �� ���$<$���)� =��� .L�� � ���� ����� 7� M �� �$H"/ N� % ������ �� ����� � ��O&5 �$'�� �E����� � 0��.

/�0� ����%1 : �(�$)* =��� >=��&�� 4���, �� ����* >B�$&$��)* �� * �$#�� F)�3 >����� �

Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

M. Ghorbani and A.M. Saedi Department of Matherials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology

Abstract: Nanowire is a cylindrical nano-structure with nanometer dimensions. In this research, the studied nanowire was made from the magnetic triple Ni-Fe-Co alloy. We utilized ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide as a template for the nanowire deposition. The nanowire arrays were electrodeposited in the cylindrical pores of the oxide layer by AC potential in a simple sulfate bath. Then the relation of shape and composition of the nanowires with their fabrication parameters was investigated. The results showed that the barrier layer modification had an essential role in the deposition process and a composition gradient was detected in a single nanowire. Keywords: Nanowire, Anodic aluminium oxide template, Barrier layer modification, AC potential, Alloy codeposition

*% �-.(� **%/��� �0��

Page 2: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ��1

2.���3�

�2��3� �3��4 �3�4 567�7�897(�3( 5�3: ;4 �2�� 5<4

�3�= �3�� �4 ><��7(�( ��?4 � �7� @72 A &B��0 .D3� �

E�<�*F G��-�H9 I7�0 J: ��� � �73� @732 5K <34 5

5�'BL� ��7(�( ��?4 � &���: E��� �3� M�3N( ��3O � 5< .

��P E��� ��8� D� A &��'��Q� RA�( 5�:�)�3?4 S� 5 � �0

���)T �'U � 5<��7(�( �(] (�[5<��7(�3( 5�'�-3� ��)�30

5<��7(�( �?4 K� 5 � �(] (�[5<��7(�( X��( ��)�3� 5 � �30

5<��7(�( ��?4 � �?4 �(] (�[��7� K5<��7(�3( 5�3:Y)Z3Q� �30

J-�4 &�K E�74 5<��7(�( �&��279 G 7[ �(] (Y[���*:.

�3:72 \�]2 <�K7(�( D�� � D� A �?4 �0 5<��7(�( J-�

�(7�� 5 ��2�� �4 ��� &� ���F Z8� 5 ^]3� 5 � �0 �7�

���4 5<��7(�( ��?4 �O � K S_70 `]�� .<�K7(�3( �7a 5<4

a �b*( �_ <: K � �( �7UK 5��?4 ���K�H� �4 <�K7(�( �7

c�O�][ ����4 <�.-4 I= <]d 5��?4 �b*( ��3:72 <9P�34 I=

�74 .&��73� �3B�U A e73��� @72 �4 &(7F�(7F �7� A I79

��-*33�<�8� 5�(�33� ]�[5��33: �33�-( �]1[�(�33� <4 �]f[K<33� �

g-a��h�]�[&8-�i K]j[K. . .E����3� �:<�K7(�( �2�� �

�<0 .�-B[ c��<[ ���O I��A � �:<�K7(�( �-'9 Z-�� D�< k3-�H9

5�3:�<4 �0 &3�K ��� 5<��7(�( ��?4 � �7� @72 5K <4

E���= � �:<�K7(�( 5<4 5 �-*4 l-i S��;( 5 &3� &�-4 �73� .

G �bm �:�<4 �0 D� J: &*-a��h�K<� 5�:<�K7(�( � 7� � �3(

A 5�7�m &*-a��h� nbT 5�']-H� �2�� nb3T &F�<.� �4

P�34 �-*4 G�m�a]�o[��2�3� �3:�K<�8�K<8-� K�2�3�

5�: 7*��K<8-�&*-a��h�]�����[�3� .Z83�)�(I�.3(

^]3� <4 �7�m �0 �� &*-a��h� 5�:<�K7(�( A &��� E��:�

�( E�� E�� �� .�3:<�K7(�( D3� A M�30 <: la��h� �'U

�4 K �� D-��i �4 K �(79 &����4 P�4 .�34 ��*34 p-9<9 D� �4

&� <�K7(�( <: la��h� �'U S� �� <�[ 5<���4 ��m S� I79

G�m�a K �� �b*( I= �4G 7[ �4 D-3�_ � &*3-a��h�

�<0 E<-2q 5 ��2�� .&� <�K7(�( <: <]d �0 &��N(= A � �(79

�33Onm �o� �33: � &*33-a��h� nb33T &F�<.33� r33� ��33��4

�0 &8*�� &*-a��h� �7� G 7[ �4�� I= ^]� � <�K7(�(

<4 s��4 ����4 E�<0Tbit/inch2��� �:72 ]��.[

&3B0 �3BO<� K� � �:<�K7(�( &��-�-�K<�8� �2�� tK

&� M�N( �7�]�YK��.[5<��7(�( 5�'b��d ��4 5<34 \73�

E<�O7(�( u�� G 7[ �4 <�K7(�( �b*3( �34 5 �(7�3� 5�3:

?4 tK �4 <v( � 7� E��� �?4 �BO<� � K E�� ��2�� P�4 5��

&� E�� \7� 5<��7(�( 5�'b��d IK � � &��-�-�K<�8� �73� .

G�3�4<0 &3Bi I<b�� A <�.-4 <T�O ��O �1(TEPC) ]�1[K

J-�-�7�= 5�(= �-*0 I<b��f(AAO)]�f[p3��d7(�( I73�m �4

&� E����� �7� .A5673�7� 7� w�H� J-�-�73�= 5�3(= �-*30 �

(AAO) &?B3T l3� 5�'�7B3� �34 5 7b(A �(P ��2�� 5 �

�(7�3� E<3�O S3� 5 � �7B3� <: �0 ��� I= ;30<� � 5

�� .Z8�)�(&3� I�.3( ��2�� D� A &���� �3:�]��.[

Z83� � E�3� E�� I�.3( ��2�� ��b�)�(�3� �3��OxI= ��

0 K<� �4 �0 &��O � ��� M�N( G��-�H9 K GP��� �4 &:�97

&� J-�-�7�= y��;��(= 5K <4 E�� Z3�m � �30 �3��� � I79

��P I���2�� � 5���A \7-mAAO 5�'3�K �34 E�3� ��N�

4 �7�?� �&� �7UK ��= .�(D��<3z( <d �G<�O <]d &�27�8�

�3�P � IK<3� 5�3'0<9 �73UK �E�<.3� �8b� S� � G<�O

*� K 5�-*0 &34 D� A &��'��Q� G<�O D� ���� I�7b( J-��

���*: �'-�v( ]�j.[��3� � �73��� Z8.3� D3� Z3O 5<34

�jj� �33BO<� K� ;��33(= tK ���33N� 5<334 5AAO �334

D-3�: A ;3-( &3B?� k3-�H9 � �30 �<0 e�4 Jv�� G<�O

�-'9 5<4 tK AAO �� E�� E����� Jv�� G<�O �8b� �4

]�o.[�(�F�U 5<z�� G��-�H9 D-�{�: Jv( ��N� � 7� � 5

��2�� �AAO �� ���<F M�N( l( �8�: K &(�4<d n�79

]��.[p3��d7(�( G<�O � \7� ��N� MK� �BO<� �3� . �

I<b�� � 7�AAO � \73� ��3N� 5<34 Z8.3� D�<3��'�

`(�� ��P �7UK �G<�O��30 |m�4 �0 �� G<�O �9 � l:

I�3�<U 7bm A 5<-F7BU K E<�O �9 � &8�<�8� ���: ���A

DC &3� G<3�O � ;3B� &��-�-3�K<�8� \7� K�73�]��.[

�K���3]4 `(�� ��P �3-��*� �3)T �4 &�3I= �0 � � I= ���

Page 3: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ��f

4 � 2.���56���� �6�� ����� (�"� 7 ��8 $�&��� ��9: ; �<= �" �: �9�>�&?� )� 7 �:�� � A�$�&���

��+�� B�" (���+" "+�� B� .

4 �E.���56 �6��� ����F�� 7 )AAO(�"�� B�= GH�]2J[

y��;��3(= 6�3��K A &�-��*� `4�9 �72 �3� .�3Bm �34 &3�K

&� `(�� ��P � p��U �-[�2 S� �7UK I�3�<U A I739AC

5<4 \7� �AAO�<0 E����� .9 � `(�� ��P � G<3�O �

I733� �733b�0 5 � ���)33T �33'U+�Al �334 K�33N� ^]33� �

I7� �7b�0 K ��-�K<�8�%�O�4 K�N� ^]� � Al r3� ��3�

�3�-( ~KA S� ZQ� `(�� ��P 5��3:N-P |3m�4 K E�<30 Z3�m

&� I��<U 5A��7*8� �7�.�34 5�9�0 Z8-� J-( � ��-�O �

( � &�K E�<0 \7� ;B� 5 ��� I��<U 7bm 5�3(= Z8-� J-

&3�vB� I7-3�;� �i l:�30 |m�4 D� �0 E�<8( 7bm &(��<U

K G<�O �9 � �K Z8-� J-( A &��(5��<F � E�3� ��3N�

�73� &3� Z3���� ���3: n3�79 &Bbd Z8-� J-( � `(�� ��P .

]��.[I��<U A E����� G 7[ �DC &�vB� I7-�;� �i D�

E�3� ���.39 &:�3970 I��A &a � I���3( l:�30 |3m�4 K

�39 � I6K �3-: \�3bO &3(A �3(7U ����O l�;� K 5�9�0

I�� Z�)� K G<�O���<� �73� &3� \7� ]��.[&3�<a A

I��<U A E�����DC ��N� |m�4 �(79 &�5��<F ��P � ���A

R7� <� � I= I�� ��*8� K `(��&���<F�7� .�3�P D� <F

)4 R<9 5 �84= D-O � �34 J-��*3� /�3�9 � �-�K<�8� �� 7

Page 4: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ���

5<�.-4 �-*4 ���: 5 � �0 J-�-�7�= ;B� &� <d �� �<-F .

A &3H-U<9 G 73[ �4 5 �84= I��<U �?4 �4 �BO<� D� A r�

��rF �:72 E<�O D� �9. � \73� �<3( �30 &��O � r�

l:�30 K�N� G<�O A E�( rF I��<U ��K &� P�4 E<�O D�

&� �4�� .I�3� Z�)� |m�4 E���i D� �3��<� |3m�4 K 5 �384=

\7� ��N��(&� �27�8� �7�]�Y.[

L.M�3�6 N��

���2 �-*4 J-�-�7�= � K ��4 %jj/jjS3� ���)3T �4

��?4 �4 <��-B-�cm �*��� E��<4 .&4<_ M�N( A �?4 � &��A

5��� � &8�<�8� E 70 � �: �(7�( �D��ºC �oo G�3� �4Y

�<3� E 730 � K �(�3� Z-(= I6K<�-( A�F <�*�9 �H9 �m��

�(�� .SO G�-B�m 5�?4 �BO<� �j�73BH� � ��<34 M<3F

5��� � J��� G��4<0 <�-�ºC �oM�3N( �3�-d� S3� G�3� �4

E�� &3�NO �b*( �4 S�<�-( �-� �7BH� � &d<4 G�-B�m K

G�� �4 �S� �4 S���9$�M�N( �-(�� �3BO<� A �3?4 K ��

�(7�( l-�7iK<�8� ��7� G��3� 7-*(��i E�z��� A E����� �4 �:

&3�NO �b*3( �34 S�<B0<i �-� K �7(�9 �7BH� �Y:� �

5���ºC �P�4 Ja�9 �) K� �34 &8-(�38� I;�:RPM ��o (K

6���KV�o �� M�N( .���<� ^]� S� ��N� 5<4 l-�7iK<�8�

��?4 � ��[ &� M�N( 5<��7(�( �7� .�l-�73i <3z�� 5�'�K

��3?4 � ��3[ ^]� S� ��N� �4 ��d &8-(�8� 5�'�K ZQ�

^]3� � �(��*3i 5�'.3�9 ��3N� �4 &�<a A K E�7b( 5<��7(�(

� G<3�O Jv�3� �8b3� ��3N� � ���2 AK<4 |m�4 J-�-�7�=

&� 5�-*0 ��P �(7�]��.[

��33(= tK A E6K<33i D33� ��33BO<� K� ;��33N� 5<334 5

�� E����� Jv�� G<�O �4 p��d7(�( .�(7�( ��4 �73BH� � �3:

S�<�*� �-�M�/o6���K �H9 DC �34 <4<4V�1o 5�3�� �

ºC ��(�3� ;��(= �m�� �'_ G�� �4 .;��3(= M�3�9 A �3?4

S�<�*3� �-3� �7BH� � &��A �-*0 ��-�Kwt % 1�-3� K

S-�K<0wt %�/�5��� �ºC 1o�3� M�N( .G�3-B�m G�3�

&��A�-*0��m�� �� .&� I�.( G�:�.� A �3?4 �30 �:�

c���0 J-�-�7�= ^]� �BO<� D� �-3� &3�K E�� E�K�A �-*0 A

&�( &b-�= J-�-�7�= �72 �4� (��.;��3(= M�3N( �&(�3��i �BO<�

��7(���� �K ;��(= �4 �4�.� &]�<� � �0&3� M�3N( �73� .

&��3'( �-*0 ��P ���)T E���0 D--?9 ��7(�� ;��(= I��A G��

E�� �-�79 G<�O7(�( �7a K�� .�3]4 `(�3� �3�P ���)T

� � ;��(= 6���K �4 &�-��*�]�1.[4 ���)T � � E�3�= �3��

�3��<� �3O � �73� nm �jo%�1o�3� �3�K��� 5 � �30

&�P�4�� .M�N( 5<4 r� 6���K ���4 I��<U 5 <d<4 K 5 �84=

��N� |m�4 �72 D� �0 �<0 ���m &�P�4��<F 5 �84= D-O �

�3N-�( � K E�3� �-*30 �3�P I�� ��*8� K�3��<� \73�

&� Z�)� &��-�-�K<�8� �7� .D3� A I73�0 �39 �Z3-�� D-�: �4

�33� E�.33( E����33� <�K7(�33( \733� 5<334 I<33b�� .5<334

5<-F7BU &� k�7� 5 �84= S� M�N( K E���i D� A�3�P I79

�<0 RA�( ��-'4 ���)T S� �9 `(�� .`(�3� �3�P I�<30 RA�(

S� &a���<� �3�7(�� ;��3(= 5�3'�( � &��3T &��-�-�K<�8�

&� M�N( �73� .K� Z��3� k3-�H9 D3� � E�3� E����3� tK

�334�� 5�33(= 5�33'(��<U � ;��33(= �33BO<�mA/cm2Y�/o

KmA/cm2o�/o�� .D� &a ����<� K `(�3� ��P ���)T

&� l:�0 �� �9 �4 6���K I= `b9 �4�4�� .���<� �39 5A�� RA�(

�4 6���K I�-� V���4�� &� ��� .

&x;U �� 6�-�= 5 �84=Ni-Fe-Co `3b�� S3� A E����3� �4

6���K �4 \K���� ��rh9V�� 5K�3O E��3� &9���73� M�3�O �

ml �oo �733BH� gr/lit ��D33:= G���733� gr/lit �G���733�

����b0gr/lit ��o�Z38-( G���7� gr/lit Yo � �S3� 74 �-3�

5�333��º�� ��/�pH= Ja��333� n�<333� �333H9 K)I;333�:

&*-a��h� (�3� M�3N( .� 73� G;3-'N9 A &8-9��3� <�7�39

Z83� � 5�-*30 I<3b�� � 5 �384= M�N( 5<4 E�����)�(

.( �� E�� E�� I� .A G<3�O I�� <i I��A �9 5 �84= G��

;U �� 6�-�=�&3� �3�� &�34�� .�3:<�K7(�( 5K�3O �-*30 �3�P

E�:�.33� 5<334 5�-*330 �33�P `33]�� ^]33� K E�33� ��*338�

�78�K<8-� n�79 �:<�K7(�(SEM �3�<F <d &� <4 � 7� .

D-�{�:Z-BH9 n�79 �:<�K7(�( 5<��m EDX�� M�N( .

Page 5: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ��j

�4 O./ �P�� �" �9�>�&?� ��8�� ����� ���� � �� +"�<�� "��� ��&� � ��AAO

Q.R�� � S���� Z8�)Y(6�3��K K I��<U ��-*(� G<--h9 E7H( E��:� I�.(

�� S�<�*� �-� � ��7(�� ;��(= M�N( D-O � . �73�( D�

J� �(�F�U l���A= �� ����( D-z(�-� A E����� �4 �� E�� .

G�� �4 J-�-�7�= �K �BO<� ���6���K � ��-d� V�1o �H9

&� <d ;��(= �<-F.�BO<� D� G 73[ �4Z-*3(��i n32 S3�

Z-*3(��i �73�( � �4��%�73� &3� E�:�.3� I�3�A .l�;3�

�4 <�[ A 6���K &(�'F�(�1o I��<U &(�'F�( l�;� |m�4 ��K

S� �4 I��<U �B[���4 &�K E�� &� Zd�O ��� �� .D3� �

�3�� S3� �34 I= ���)3T K E�� A��= `(�� ��P �� �BO<�

&� <Q0�O S3� �34 �3� �3�K��� I�-3� |m�4 D� �0 ��

&3� �732 ��-�0 ��� �4 �� I��<U �� K ��-.-4 ��� �73� .

�?4 �BO<� ����<� |3m�4 D3� �0 E�� A��= `(�� ��P ��H(

P I�� RA�( I�3�<U l�;3� K �3� ��K��� l:�0 K `(�� ��

&� �� �7�]�f.[RA�( �BO<� K� ��-d� E�;(�i D� M��9 A �?4

&33� M�33N( `(�33� �33�P 5K <334 5A�33� �733�( � �330 �733�

I��<U%Z8� I��A )Y%\(G���7(7��F n2 K� G 7[ �4

&� E�:�.� �(7� . �9 �4 ZO<� D� &a � ;��(= 6���K �� ��

�4 I= I�-� A �?4 K E�<0V�� �3�P ���)T I�(�� 5<4 �

3BO<� S� �&���?9 ��� �4 `(����34�� 6�3��K � ;��3(= V��

&� M�N( �7� .&��3�9 � `(�3� �3�P ���)T �BO<� D� &a �

�K�3O �34 K E�3� �27�8� �(7�( 5�'��*dnm �o&3� �3�

]��.[� D33� � I�33�<U &N� �339 l�;33� E�33�:� I�.33( �33BO<

�� 5�O ��� S� �4 I= I�-� K `(�� ��P <�.-4 ��H(.

5�3'(<b�� 5A�3� E��3�= K �2�3� Z3O<� Z3-�89 A �?4

AAO 6���K �4 5 �84= �BO<� �AC �� M�N( .5�3'-�H�� &� <4

I��<U G<--h9%\73� E73H( ��-�A � &�'� G�m�a I��A

G<�O � &*-a��h� 6�-�=AAO &� �8�= �3�0 .Z83�)�(

�� 5 �84= I��A �4 \K���� I��<U G<--h9 E7H( E��:� I�.( .

�30 �3(�F�U l���A= �� ����( D-z(�-� A E����� �4 �7�( D�

�3� E�3� J3� E�3�= �3�� �34 G�b� E�z��� n�79 . �3��

I��<U ��-*(� 5�'-�H��%&� I��A <-*�9 G 7[ D� �4 I79

�<� � �0�BO<�A6�3-�= &3(A �3(7U �\K�3��� 6���K ���m �4

&� A��= G<�O �9 � &*-a��h� �7� .;U �� K &(A �(7U�&

5;B� A�� �73BH� � �7U7� 5�'(7� �vB� `�<� l:�0 |m�4

&� ^]� �4 S��;( 5 �384= M�3�O 5�'(7� �0 &��N(= A K �7�

Z�� �4 �72 K E�<0 I7�A7��� G<�O k�<a A ���4 R<�.�

\7� –�8� 3�BO<� D� � r� ���(��<4 �-�K<���<� \7�

Page 6: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ��o

u� \

4 � T.+��� � �����U �� �� 4= ��( -� ���� ���?6�-/���� �"V��<9W ��� MO/Y�"���" CºE

4 � Z.���&�� /���� ; ���?6 +��� /��7 [9= �� ��� � �> �"�"���� V2O

�3�� �34 I�3�<U �N-�( � K ���<F <d I7�A7��� �<��0 �H9

��-�0 &� �� 5 ��0 .�3BO<� �3��'( �A&3� �3BO<� I739

�*(� G<�O �9 � &*-a��h� \7� �� K &(A �(7U .

�BO<� �B-*(� �34 eK<3� &(�3'F�( G 73[ �4 I��<U ��

&� l�;� ��0 .&� I�.( E���i D� �3-O 5�3'(7� ��?9 �0 �:�

�� l�;� ��O � I<b�� ^]� �OK � E�(7� .E�3��i D�

&� k�<a K� �4�:� � �(79 :E<3�O �38�� &8�\73� A �3:

�A= �-�K<�8� �4 /��9 � \7� ^]� K ����4 E�� <i 5;B�

�� ���4 ���<F <d Ja� . �-*34 &(73�A7��� �3�P ���O D� �

�BO<� A <�0A�(A��3�A ^]3� �34 &(�3� I73� �m<� K E�74

&� �7� .&� <z�� Z-�� Z�3� �O�*3� l�;3� A &3��( �(79

\7� R<�.�%�3��4 �3-�K<�8� .�O�*3� �30 &9 73[ �

� �3vH� <3: � �0 &��'(7� ��?9 �4�� l�;� �-O ^]� D3�

&� �-O ^]� l�;3� 5 �384= I�3�<U K �3���� l�;3� �(73�

Page 7: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ���

&� �4�� .n3�79 G<3�O �0 �:� � �(79 &� &��z�: n�� D�

\7� g�� K �(7� <i E�� 5 �84= 6�-�= G 7[ �4 � &3��

�(�� �4 eK<� I<b�� ^]�.

�BO<� � �0 ��<F �N-�( I79 &� |H4 D� ABG<3�O

~ �32 �4 E�� 5 �84= ;B� �� K �( � <d I�� <i �(���= �

&� � G<�O A �:� .�3BO<� � n32 p-3�BE�3�:� I�.3(

�3� e7T7� D� E��:� I�.( K E�74 �BO<� D� I�74 &N� �9

&3�( <3i I��A S� � ��-d� G<�O &���9 �0�(73� .&3� I739

O<� 5��4 � G<�O D-�K �0 �<0 �<� �BBE�-� ^]� �4

E�-3�7i \7� A I<b�� ^]� Z0 �� �9 �4 I��A ��rF �4 K

&� �7� .

�BO<� �C&d�34 �34�� ��� S� � 5 �84= �� I��<U

&�( E�:�.� I= � &'U79 Z4�d G<--h9 K E�(�� �7� .&3� I739

�-U79 G 7[ D� �4 E���i D��<� E�-3�7i Z3-�89 �34 �30

I<b�� ^]� I�� �BO<� � BZ32� A �3'(7� 5�3-O ^]3� �

�3�rF �34 K E�3� Z3���� I= A ~ �2 �4 Z��0 7a �4 G<�O

I<3b�� &U �32 ^]� � E�<0 \7� ��P ���)T �'�9 I��A

&� l�;� �4�� .A �73BH� I�734 e�b3� �Bm �4 �BO<� D� �

K �3�� D-34 A &(73�A7��� �<3��0 �D:= K ���b0 �Z8-( 5�'(7�

K��� � E�3��0 �<3��0 <�� �3i D�<�-B3[ �� &�: �� �3��<�

�7� &� 5 �84= .`(�3� ��P �4 X74<� �� � ��K��� D�<�.-4

�� G<�O �9.Z8�)1(^]3� 5<:�� G<--h9 E��:� I�.(

D���� ��� �4 I<b�����<� �3� \73� .&N� �39 I�3� <3i

�33BO<� � G<33�OAA �33?4 G<33�O A I= ~K<332 KI�33��i

�BO<�B�� �7'.� .

I�3�<U 5�: �7�( �?��]�% ;34 5 �384= D-3O � I�3�A

l-3i 5<34 &b��U �-*4 G<3�O I�3� <3i M�3�9 �3vH� &3�-4

&� \7*H� �7� .I<3b�� ^]3� 5 �84= ��� �4 �0 &9 7[ �

&i78�K<8-� �?��]� �[<� �7� E�-�7i 56�-�= \7� n�79

( K ��� ��� A �:<�K7(�( <3d &H]3� ��P D� <�A �:<�K7(�

&� �*-( \7B]� �UK �-: �4 �0 �(<-F .D3� A 5<-F7BU 5<4

&� E���i �<0 �<��0 �� I��<U �5 �84= M�N( D-O � I79

�BO<� � KB�3'(= <�.3-4 �3� A �39 �<0 `]d �� I��<U

�7� 5<-F7BU .

Z833� � I<33b�� D33� �*338� `33]��)f(F ;4 � &��33��

Yoooo �� E�� E�� I�.( <4<4 .6�3-�=Ni-Fe-Co G<3�O

�3� E�<0 <i &472 �4 e��9 K �<m � .5�3:<�K7(�( �73a

�O � E�� ��N�µm �/��� .�3:<�K7(�( &�-��3i ��*3d �

Z8� )f(&3� E�:�.� 5���U ��2�� �73� .�34 ��2�3� D3�

Z833� � 5<�H33TK G 733[)�(E�33� E�� I�.33(�33� . �

�3�(�� �.3� ��2�3� S� E�� �-�79 5�'(<b�� &(��H9 ��*d

�� ���<F Z8� .�.� <9P�34 5�'��*3d � |3H4 � 73� 5�:

�2�� K <�.-4 <]d 5 � 5 � <��-��i 5�'��*d � K <��0 5�:

�2�� 5<9��?9 <i K <�8� �4 5�: �(.

&� ��2�� D� ��N� Z-�� � �3�<v( �3��i <34 I79.I7-B3�

]�f[�BO<� K� ;��(= 5<4 <3]d �0 E�<0 I�-4 G 7[ D� �4 5

���)3T K ;��3(= �3�P 5�'�7B3� <]d �G<�O &B2� n�7��

�(6���K A &�-��*� `4�9 �� <: `(�� ��P .�3BO<� � �30 &3�dK

<3d �34�� I�3�<U � ;��3(= �3H9 �(7�( ��7(�� ;��(= &(���i

&� �� �39 �34 6�3��K ��<3-FAV�1o �34 V�� l:�30 �3�K

&� �4�� .�7B3� EA�3( �`(�� ��P ���)T l:�0 �4 p-9<9 D��4

G<3�O �39 � `(�� ��P � �N-�( � K ����� l:�0 ;-( &���?9�

&3� �3(7U 5<�8_730 G<�O (A3��.G 73[ �34 p3B]� D3�

Z8� � 5<�HTK)j(�� E�� E�� I�.( .�3�P I�� <�0A�(

�4 E<�: `(�� EA�( I�� <�8_70 �4 <N�� K 6���K <�.-4 l:�0

&� G<�O ;0<� �B[�� l:�0 K �'�7B� �73� .Z3-�� D-3�: �34

&3� <3�8��;( <�K7(�( <��-��i 5�'��*d �4 �_ <: �0 �� J�73�

�2�� ��?9 <��0 �'(= <]d K <�.-4 �:�� .

Z8�)�o(E��:� I�.(Z-BH9 I<3b�� <3[��m Z30 AAO �

K7(�( 5K�O 5�:<�Ni-Fe-Co �� .I��: E�:�.3� �30 �3(7F

&� I= Z-�� �0 �7� &� E��� I<b�� D� � <�*� &���2�( �7�

;��3(= M�3N( 5<4 S�<�*� �-� A E����� �3� .I73� q73�(

I<3b�� �34 <�*3� I�3� � K |m�4 y��;��(= D-O � G��*�

&� �7� .

Page 8: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ���

u� \~

4 � \./ �P�� ]^� ���56 AAO �:��W�0 � �� ���� ��� � B_�6 B� ( -EY����U �-JY` ����U -2EY����U

4 � a.]^� ���56 b^3� ��� �� ��c B9 ����6 +�� ���� �;�� �� +�� sEY.��8�� �����

H�> ��µm2/2�� +��" B9 � b^3� �" ����

4 � J.6��5�+" " ��� ��8�� ����� +���"B9 � ]^�/ �P��'���F���!�� d� �" e�f� �� �

/ �P��B� +�8�!� 4���

Page 9: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ���

u� \

4 � g.���F�� "�h� +��� 7 ������!���� �� ��c ; �<= �6 �" 4 � � '( -0 �,8 ��%� ���F���H��

�-�� �� ��7; �<= �6 �" �� -�: H�%� +7 �� �� ���F��

4 � 2Y.4�%�6 EDX �*�&� / �P�� �" "���� AAO �� + ��8��� ���� ��8�� ��

Z8�)��(E��:� I�.(Z-BH9EDX <��m ��Fe �Co KNi �

I<b�� � E�� E�� \7� 56�-�= 5�:<�K7(�(AAO �� . �

<�7�339 D3�Z33-BH9 K &�P�334 5�33'�( K� � <�K7(�33( 5<�3�m

I= &(��H9 ��� �4���3�( �30 ��= Z3-BH9 E�:�.3� <�7�39 �

&� �73� . � D3:= &3�9 �3[ � D-34 <�K7(�3(�/���39 �/��

� D3:= &(73� �3[ � <34<4 ��: �K�O �0 ��<--h9 M�3�O

� 5��3m <3-� \73� E���i E��:� I�.( D� �0 �� 5 �84=

D����<��� .� �3�m � 73<�Co E�:�.� &'4�.� ��� ;-(

Page 10: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ��Y

4 � 22.���56/ �P�� AAO ���8�� ����� Ni-Fe-Co : S����4�%�6� �� �����6 � �����W B�9� �"

/�!� �� ����� V6 V�+" "+�� B�

&� I��: &�K �7� &3� �3v�( �0 7a <3-� \73� E�3��i �K

<��0 <��m D� � 7� � 5��m�� .&�9 �[ �Co 6�3-�= �

D-4�/�1�9�/�j���b0 &(7� �vB� <4<4 �'_ �K�O �0 ��

= M��O � �� 5 �84 . � �0 &�'� ��8(B-BH9 �3� I�3���( �'

&(�3d7� ��*3d � �3��b0 K D3:= 5�'(7� �vB� �0 �� D�

&(��H9 X��( A <�.-4 <�K7(�(�� .&3� E���i D� Z-�� I739

^]3� 5 �384= �3-�K Z3O<� � �30 �<30 I�3-4 G 7[ D� �4

0 �3Bm �34 K ��3�� <3d E<�O &�-��i 5�'��*d � \7� �3�

D3� �Z8-( I7� �4 �b*( D:= K ���b0 5�'(7� M<U ����( I�74

I�(�3� 5<4 Z8-( I7� Z4��� � 5<��0 �4�d &��(79 I7� K�

I= I�� S��;( K <�K7(�( �� �4 &�K �( � �-O ^]� �4 �72

K �3���� l:�30 &(7�A7��� ��(�0 �7a �I<b�� &U �2 ^]� �4

�'(7� �4 �72 D:= K ���b0 5�3-O ^]3� �34 5<�.-4 �m<�

<�K7(�3( &(�3d7� 5�'��*3d � <3[��m D3� �[ � r� �E�(��

�4�� &� l�;� .M<3U ����( I�74 ��0 �3'(7� �3��b0 K D3:= 5

K Z38-( �34 �b*3( 5 �384= M��O � �'(= <��0 �vB� A &��(

&a � &�vB� I7-�;� �i �7UK���<� D� \7� �'(7���.

j.�h��� ��0�

I<b�� � <�K7(�( ��N� � 7� �AAO ;��(= A E�� �-�79

M�3N( IK�34 &��-�-3�K<�8� \73� I�8� �S�<�*� �-� �

� �3( �73UK `(�� ��P 5A�� RA�( .I�3�<U <3--h9 5�3: �7�(

Z-8.39 R<�.3� ��*d �� A uB�)� 5�'(<b�� 5<4 5 �84=

3(7U �3BO<� �� E��:� I�.( p-9<9 �4 �0 E�� �3� K &3(A �

E<33�O Z332� Z332� A �33:<�K7(�( ~K<332 5 r33F �33BO<� �5

I<3b�� &U �2 ^]� � &47� ��P �� �BO<� K G<�O7(�(

�� .<�K��39 � E�� E�:�.� 5�:<�K7(�(SEM �(7�3� K 5

&� <v( �4 ��( J0 �3�P �3� M;-(�8� E��:� I�.( �0 ��� 5

� �(� �� K E�74 G<�O Z2� ��� E��( � &� .M�N( r�

� 5 �84=V�� p���� 70r� I<b�� 5<4 �� .��3N� Z-��

&3� <�K7(�3( &(��H9 ��*d � ��(�� �.� ��2�� �34 I739

�BO<� K� 5A�� RA�( �BO<� M�N( �Bm G<--h9 K `(�� ��P 5

Page 11: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������� ��� ������� +$#� ���

�� �b*333( ;��333(= I�333��i � 6�333��K .56�333-�= 5 �33384=

Ni-Fe-Co 4= �4 5 �8AC 5��3m <-� \7� G�-[7�2 5 �

�3��b0 K D3:= &3�9 �3vB� E 73�: �0 G 7[ D� �4 ���

�3� �73BH� � <[��m D� &(7� �[ � A <�.-4 .&9 73[ �

S3� �73� &3� <4 &��3'�9 �4 56�-�= <�K7(�( S� � �vB� �0

&3� E�:�.3� <�K7(�( 5P�4 �4 D-��i A �vB� I���<F �30 �73�

A &��( I= E�(A�3� <3[��m I73� M<3U ��3��( �m<� ���2

�73UK A &3��( �732 I= �30 �3� 5 �384= M��O � <�K7(�(

� <�.-4 &�vB� I7-�;� �i �3��<� \73� �3'(7� K Z38-( 5

�� D:= I7� �4 �b*( ���b0.

���� +� �

1. thin film 2. nanowire 3. nano dot

4. nano tube 5. aspect ratio 6. track etched poly carbonate

7. anodic aluminum oxide 8. barrier layer 9. etch

b� ��

1. Munford, M., Sartorelli, M, Seligman, L., and Pasaa, A., “Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Co Thin Films Electrodeposited on Si,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 149, PP. C274-C279, 2002.

2. Yang, S., Zhu, H., Yu, D., Jin, Z., Tang, S., and Du, Y., “Preparation and Magnetic Property of Fe Nanowire Array,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 222, PP. 97-100, 2000.

3. Schwarzacher, W., Kasyutich, O., Evans, P., Darbyshire, M., and Yi, G., “Metal Nano-Structures Prepared by Template Electrodeposition,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 198, PP. 185-190, 1999.

4. Jung, J., Kobayashi, H., Bommel, K., Shinkai, S., and Shimizu T., “Creation of Novel Helical Ribbon and Double-Layered Nanotube TiO2 Structures Using an Organogel Template,” Chem. Mater., Vol. 14, PP. 1445-1447, 2002.

5. Ooka, Y., Ono, T., Miyajima, H., “Conductance Quantization in Ferromagnetic Ni Nanowire,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 226, PP. 1848-1849, 2001.

6. Routkevitch, D., Haslet, T., Ryan, L., Bigioni, T., Douketis, C., and Moskovits, M., “Synthesis and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of CdS Nano-Wire Arrays,” Chem. Phys., Vol. 210, PP. 243-352, 1996.

7. Pokropivny, V., “Composite on Base of 2D Nanotubular Lattice as Ideal high-T Superconductor,” Physica, Vol. C 351, PP. 71-77, 2000.

8. Qin, D., Lu, M., and Li, H., “Magnetic Force Microscopy of Magnetic Domain Structure in Highly Ordered Co Nanowire Arrays,” Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 350, PP. 51-56, 2001.

9. Shi, G., Mo, C., Cai, W., and Zhang, L., “Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanoparticles in Alumina Membrane With Ordered Pore Arrays,” Solid State Comm., Vol. 115, PP. 253-256, 2000.

10. Nielsch, K., Hertel, R., Wehrspohn, R., Barthel, J., Kirschner, J., Gosele, U., Fischer, S., and Kronmüller, H., “Switching Behavior of Single Nanowires Inside Dense Nickel Nanowire Arrays,” IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, Vol. 38, No. 5, PP. 2571 - 2573, 2002.

11. Blondel, A., Meier, J., Doudin, B., and Ansermet, J., “Giant Magnetoresistance of Nanowires of Multilayers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.,Vol. 65, No. 23, PP. 3019-3021, 1994.

12. Piraux, L., Dubois, S., Duvail, J., Ounadjela, K., and Fert, A., “Array of Nanowires of Magnetic Metals and Multilayers: Perpendicular GMR and Magnetic Properties,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 175, PP. 127-136, 1997.

13. Lazzari, J., “Single Pole, Single Turn,probe GMR Head and Micro-Actuator for High-Density Perpendicular Recording,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 235, PP. 362–367, 2001.

14. Gao, T., Meng, G.W., and Zhang, J., Wang, Y.W., Liang, C.H., Fan, J.C., Zhang, L.D., “Template Synthesis of Single-Crystal Cu Nanowire Arrays by Electrodeposition,” Appl. Phys., Vol. A 73, PP. 251–254, 2001.

15. Kazadi, A., Bantua, M, and Rivas, J., “Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited Cobalt Nanowires,” Journal of. Appl. Phys., Vol. 89, No. 615, PP. 3393-3397, 2001.

16. Ferain, V., and Legras, R., “Efficient Production of Nanoporous Particle Track Etched Membranes with Controlled Properties,” Radiation Measurements,Vol. 34, PP. 585–588, 2001.

17. Khan, H., Loebich, O., and Rauscher, G., “Crystallographic and Magnetic Investigations of Cobalt Columns Electrodeposited in the Pores of Anodic Alumina,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 275, PP. 207-209, 1996.

Page 12: Ternary Ni-Fe-Co Alloys Nanowire Electrodeposition

��� �������Y� ��� ������� ���Y ��1

18. Holland, E., Li, Y., Abbott, P., and Wilshaw, P., “Large Area Gridded Field Emitter Arrays Using Anodised Aluminium,” Displays, Vol. 21, PP. 99–104, 2000.

19. Sui, Y., Cui, B., Mart nez, L., Perez, R., and Sellmyer, D., “Pore Structure, Barrier Layer Topography and Matrix Alumina Structure of Porous Anodic Alumina Film,” Thin Solid Films,Vol. 406, PP. 64–69, 2002.

20. Masuda, H., Yada, K., and Osaka, A., “Self-Ordering of Cell Configuration of Anodic Porous Alumina with Large-Size Pores in Phosphoric Asid Solution,” Jpn. Journal of. Appl. Phys., Vol. 37, PP. L1340-L1342, 1998.

��.&(�334<d�M.K5�m�33��.M.�” ��2�33� � J33v( &4�33�A

�732 M;-(�8� �4 E�� �-�79 �J-�-�7�= 5�(= �-*0 &�7B�7(�(

E� Jv(“D-���:��3�� &3���'� �(P�3� E<3z� �I<3� 56 7�

@ �u�<� E�z.(�1�%f�<'� �����

22. Paulus, P., Luis, F., KroK, M., Schmid, G., and Jongh, L., “Low-Temperature Study of the Magnetization Reversal and Magnetic Anisotropy of Fe, Ni, and Co Nanowires,” Journal of Magnetism

and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 224, PP. 180-196, 2001

23. Yin, A., Li, J., Jian, W., Bennett, A., and Xua, J., “Fabrication of Highly Ordered Metallic Nanowire Arrays by Electrodeposition,” Appl. Phys. Letter,Vol. 79, No. 7, , PP. 1039- 1039, August 2001.

24. Nielsch, K., Muler, F., Li, A., and Gosele, U., “Uniform Nickel Deposition into Ordered Alumina Pores by Pulsed Electrodeposition,” Adv. Mater,2000, Vol.12, No. 8, PP.582- 586

25. Jessensky, O., Muller, F., Gosele, U. “Self-Organized Formation of Hexagonal Pore Arrays in Anodic Alumina,” Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 72, No. 10, PP. 1173-1175, March 1998.

26. Metzger, R., Konovalov, V., Sun, M., Xu, T., Zangari, G., Xu, B., Benakli, M., and Doyle, W., “Magnetic Nanowires in Hexagonally Ordered Pores of Alumina,” IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,Vol. 36, No. 1, PP. 30-35, Jan 2000.

27. O`Sullivan, J. P., and Wood, G. C., “The Motphology and Mechanism of Formation of Porous Anodic Films on Aluminium,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Vol. A. 317, PP. 511-543, 1970.