Terms

• _____________________: “The process of collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting information to aid in decision-making” (Airasian, 1997, p. 3).

• ____________: all the information teachers gather as part of the assessment process

• ________________: the process of making decisions on the basis of measurements

Terms

• __________ assessments: measurements gathered incidentally– Listening to students’ comments and answers– Noticing puzzling looks

• ___________ assessments: the process of systematically gathering information– Tests and quizzes– Performance assessments

Traditional Assessments

• Multiple Choice: contains a ___________ (a question or incomplete statement) and ______________ (choices or alternatives)

• Should pose ______ question or problem for students to consider

• Should address likely ________________

Guidelines

• Present _______ clear problem in the stem

• Make all distracters ___________________

• _______ correct answer positions

• Avoid _____________ wording in stem and correct answer

• Avoid phrasing correct choice in ________ technical terms than distracters

Guidelines

• Keep correct answer and distracters at ___________ length

• Avoid using _________ terms in distracters

• Keep stem and choices grammatically ______________

• Avoid using ________ distracters with the same meaning

Guidelines

• Emphasize _________ wording (underline, italics, bold)

• Use “_______ of the above” and “_____ of the above” with care

• Items can be made to measure higher-order thinking by tying them to _________, _________, ___________, and the like.

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

a) To support the vital organs of the bodyb) To circulate the blood throughout the

bodyc) To transfer nerve impulses from the brain

to the musclesd) To provide for the movement of the

body’s large muscles

Multiple Choice

2. Of the following, the definition of population density is the number of people

a) who live in your city or town.

b) who voted in the last presidential election.

c) per square mile in a country.

d) in cities compared to small towns.

Multiple Choice

3. Of the following, the most significant cause of WWII was

a) American aid to Great Britain.

b) Italy’s conquering of Ethiopia.

c) Japan’s war on China.

d) the devastation of the German economy as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.

Multiple Choice

4. Which of the following is the best description of an insect?

a) It always has one pair of antennae on its head.

b) It has three body parts.

c) None lives in water.

d) It breathes through lungs.

Multiple Choice

5. The one of the following that is not a reptile is a

a) alligator.

b) lizard

c) frog.

d) turtle.

Multiple Choice

6. Which of the following illustrates a verb form used as a participle?

a) Running is a good exercise.

b) I saw a jumping frog contest on TV yesterday.

c) Thinking is hard for many of us.

d) All of the above.

True-False

• Measure __________________ outcomes

• Students have a ___________ chance of being correct

• Should be used ____________

Guidelines

• Write slightly more _________ than ______ statements

• Make each item ________ statement

• Avoid _________ that may allow students to answer correctly without fully understanding the content

True-False

1. Mammals are animals with four-chambered hearts that bear live young.

2. Most protists have only one cell.3. Negative wording should never be

used when writing multiple-choice items.

4. All spiders have exoskeletons.

Matching

• Is a _______________ of multiple-choice

• Most effective when the _____________ alternatives are used in a series of items

Guidelines

• Content is _________________________

• Have ________ statements than possible alternatives

• Alternatives can be used _____________ or ____________

• Alternatives and items should be on the _______________

Completion

• e.g., What is the capital of Canada?• e.g., What is an opinion?• Contains a question or incomplete statement

that requires the student to ___________________

• Can be _________________ to construct• Overuse leads to ___________________• Should be used ____________________

Guidelines

• Use only _____ blank, and relate it to the main point of the statement.

• Use _____________ sentences followed by a question mark or period.

• Place the blanks to the _________ of the questions or statements.

• Keep blanks of the ____________ length.• For number answers, indicate _________

________________.

Essays

• Require students to provide ___________ written responses to questions

• Advantages– Idea organization and defense are

____________________________________– Can ______________ influence student study

• Disadvantages – Scoring is ____________________________– Scores are influenced by ________________

Guidelines

• Elicit higher-order thinking by using terms such as __________________________.

• Write a _________ for each item.• Require all students to answer ____ items.• Prepare _________________ in advance.• Score all students’ answers to one item

______________ moving to the next item.

Guidelines

• Score all responses to an item ________ ____________, if possible.

• Keep student responses _____________, if possible.

• Use a _________ (a scoring tool that lists the criteria for grading)

LESSON ANALYSIS Not Acceptable Acceptable High Quality Writing & Mechanics (2 pts.)

Grammatical errors interfere with comprehension. Hard to follow logic of the prose. (0)

Several grammatical errors, but minimal impact on readability. Main points are comprehensible. (1)

Correct grammar. Logical, clear prose. (2)

Part A—Lesson Example (3 pts.)

Does not understand the question and/or does not cite a relevant example from the textbook chapter. (0)

Understands the question and selects an adequate example to support their argument. (2)

Correctly analyzes the text in response to the question. The example cited strongly supports their argument. (3)

Part B—Lesson Modification (5 pts.)

Provides a lesson modification that is not based in developmental theory or research OR that does not improve upon the text lesson OR that does not adequately respond to the question. (0)

Creates a lesson that applies relevant developmental theory to a particular lesson and improves upon that lesson. (3)

Demonstrates a solid understanding of developmental theory and its application to education by creating a lesson that significantly improves upon the original, from the perspective of developmental theory and research. (5)

Part C—Theoretical Justification (5 pts.)

Provides a superficial or inaccurate theoretical justification for their lesson modification. (0)

Justifies lesson modification by discussing a theory that relates to the question that is asked. (3)

Demonstrates a sound understanding of the theoretical framework upon which their modification was based AND highlights aspects of the theory that have specific relevance to the proposed modification. (5)

Qualities of Assessments

• Reliability: describes the extent to which measurements are _________ across time

• Validity: describes the ________________ of the assessment

Relationships Reliable

Yes No

Valid

Yes

No